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Ink & Innovation

A scholarly examination of Chicago's iconic daily newspaper, tracing its evolution from a dynamic tabloid to a pioneering nonprofit media institution.

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Overview

A Pillar of Chicago Journalism

The Chicago Sun-Times stands as a prominent daily newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Since 2022, it has operated as a nonprofit entity, serving as the flagship publication of Chicago Public Media. Historically, it has maintained its position as the second-largest circulating newspaper in Chicago, following the Chicago Tribune.

Merged Origins and Enduring Legacy

The modern Sun-Times emerged from the 1948 consolidation of two distinct newspapers: the Chicago Sun, established in 1941 by Marshall Field III, and the Chicago Daily Times, which had been in publication since 1929. This lineage allows the Sun-Times to claim a continuous publishing history dating back to the 1844 founding of the Chicago Daily Journal, a paper notable for its early, albeit now disputed, reporting on the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.

Contemporary Profile

As of 2022, the Chicago Sun-Times reported an average print circulation of 57,222. The editorial leadership is currently held by Jennifer Kho, overseeing a staff of approximately 40 writers. Its transition to a nonprofit model in 2022, supported by philanthropic organizations, marks a significant shift in its operational and financial structure, aiming to sustain its journalistic mission.

History

Formative Decades (1940s-1960s)

Following its 1948 merger, the Sun-Times was owned by Field Enterprises, controlled by the Marshall Field family. During this period, the newspaper cultivated a populist and progressive identity, often aligning with Democratic ideals while maintaining editorial independence from the city's political establishment. Despite its urban tabloid format, it gained respect for its journalistic integrity and frequently featured content from the Washington Post/Los Angeles Times wire service.

  • Jacob Burck: A Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist who joined the Chicago Times in 1938 and continued with the Sun-Times, producing nearly 10,000 cartoons over 44 years.
  • Ann Landers: The renowned advice column debuted in 1943, initially written by Ruth Crowley until 1955, and subsequently by Eppie Lederer.
  • Irv Kupcinet: His popular "Kup's Column" began in 1943 and remained a fixture for decades.
  • Jack Olsen: Served as editor-in-chief in 1954 before moving to national magazines.
  • Hoke Norris: Literary editor from 1955, also covered the civil rights movement.
  • Jerome Holtzman & Edgar Munzel: Longtime sportswriters, both honored by the Baseball Hall of Fame.
  • Bill Mauldin: The two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist joined in 1962, famously drawing a mourning Abraham Lincoln after JFK's assassination.
  • Roger Ebert: Began as a staff writer in 1966 and became the paper's film critic a year later, a role he held until his death in 2013.

The Mirage Tavern Investigation (1977)

A landmark investigative series, "The Mirage Tavern," involved Sun-Times reporters secretly purchasing and operating a saloon on Wells Street. Over 25 parts, the series exposed widespread civic corruption and bribery, capturing city officials on camera accepting illicit payments. While highly acclaimed and generating significant public attention, its nomination for the Pulitzer Prize faced debate due to concerns about the use of entrapment in journalistic practice.

Absorbing the Daily News (1978)

In March 1978, the Chicago Daily News, the afternoon sister paper of the Sun-Times under the same ownership, ceased publication. A substantial portion of its editorial staff, including the Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Mike Royko, transitioned to the Sun-Times. James F. Hoge, Jr., who had been editor and publisher of the Daily News, assumed the same roles at the Sun-Times, integrating talent and resources from the defunct paper.

Transitions

The Murdoch Era (1984-1986)

In 1984, the Sun-Times was acquired by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation from Field Enterprises. This ownership change dramatically altered the paper's editorial direction, shifting towards a more sensationalist style, akin to the New York Post, and a distinctly right-leaning political stance. This ideological pivot contrasted sharply with the Tribune's softening Republican line, blurring Chicago's traditional newspaper political divide. This period saw significant staff departures, including prominent columnist Mike Royko, who moved to the Tribune, and Roger Simon, who cited Murdoch's influence as his reason for leaving.

Roger Ebert famously expressed his disdain for Murdoch's approach, recalling how Murdoch immediately implemented "big, garish headlines" and prioritized sensational stories, even if "fatally flawed," leading to "hundreds of cancellations." Ebert noted that the paper, once ranked among the top U.S. newspapers, "never took that great step it was poised for" under Murdoch's brief tenure.

Ownership Shifts (1986-1994)

Murdoch sold the Sun-Times in 1986 for $145 million in a leveraged buyout to an investor group led by publisher Robert E. Page and Adler & Shaykin. This sale was partly motivated by Murdoch's desire to acquire the former sister television station WFLD to launch the Fox network. By 1988, internal conflicts led to Page's resignation and sale of his interest. In February 1994, the paper was sold again to Hollinger Inc., controlled by Canadian businessman Conrad Black. Following Black's indictment for financial misconduct, Hollinger International was later renamed the Sun-Times Media Group.

Editorial Incidents (1990s)

The 1990s saw several notable incidents impacting the paper's editorial integrity and staff. In 1995, editorial page editor Mark Hornung resigned after an editorial was found to have plagiarized content from the Washington Post, attributing it to writer's block and deadline pressures. The food section also faced scrutiny for publishing letters from readers with clearly fabricated, humorous, and inappropriate names like "Olga Fokyercelf" and "Phil McCraken," leading to internal quality control measures.

  • Art Petacque: The Pulitzer Prize-winning crime reporter left in 1991, a departure later revealed to be involuntary due to "problems with some of the ways Art pursued his job."
  • Peter Anding: A sports clerk arrested in 1992 and later sentenced to 40 years in prison for arranging and videotaping sexual encounters with teenage athletes.
  • Bob Black: A photographer fired in 1993 for unauthorized use of company accounts, but later reinstated after an arbitrator ruled dismissal too severe.
  • Larry Weintraub: A longtime reporter known for his "Weintraub's World" column, retired in 1993 after 35 years.
  • M.W. Newman: A noted urban reporter who coined terms like "Big John" for the John Hancock Center, retired around 1994.
  • Lon Grahnke: Longtime TV critic demoted in 1998 to cover education, retiring in 2001 due to medical leave.

Modern

Early 2000s Challenges

The early 2000s presented significant challenges for the Sun-Times. In 2004, the paper was censured by the Audit Bureau of Circulations for misrepresenting its circulation figures, a serious blow to its credibility. This period also saw a continued churn of editorial talent, with many prominent journalists departing for rival publications or other ventures. The paper's political stance shifted back towards its "liberal, working-class roots" in 2007, aiming to contrast with the Chicago Tribune's more conservative leanings.

  • Charles Nicodemus: Longtime investigative reporter retired in 2000.
  • Chuck Neubauer: Investigative reporter who helped uncover the Dan Rostenkowski misdeeds, left in 2001 for the Los Angeles Times.
  • Lee Bey: Architecture critic who joined Mayor Richard M. Daley's administration in 2001.
  • Dave Feldman: Longtime horse-racing writer, died in 2001 while still on payroll.
  • Joycelyn Winnecke & Bill Adee: Managing editor and sports editor, respectively, both left for the Chicago Tribune in 2002.
  • Irv Kupcinet & Stella Foster: After Kupcinet's death in 2003, his assistant Stella Foster took over "Stella's Column" until her retirement in 2012.
  • Steve Neal: Longtime political columnist, died by apparent suicide in 2004.
  • Neil Steinberg: Columnist arrested for domestic battery in 2005, leading to a public admission of alcohol abuse and a return to the paper after rehabilitation.
  • Jay Mariotti: High-profile sports columnist resigned in 2008, believing the future of sports journalism was online.
  • Robert Feder: Noted TV/radio writer took a buyout in 2008.

Bankruptcy and Recovery

The financial pressures on the newspaper industry culminated in the Sun-Times filing for bankruptcy protection on March 31, 2009. This critical juncture paved the way for a new ownership structure. On October 9, 2009, businessman James C. Tyree acquired the newspaper and its 50 suburban papers for $25 million, with $5 million in cash and the remainder covering past debts. Tyree's sudden death in March 2011 raised questions about the company's future, but leadership affirmed the continuation of his strategic vision.

  • Printing Outsourcing: In July 2011, the Sun-Times announced it would close its printing plant, eliminating 400 jobs, and outsource printing to the rival Chicago Tribune, a move estimated to save $10 million annually. The Tribune had already handled the Sun-Times' distribution since 2007.
  • Photography Department Dissolution: In May 2013, the photography department was largely dissolved, with the paper opting for reporters and freelancers to provide visual content. This controversial decision led to the layoff of Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer John White. However, four photographers were later reinstated as multimedia journalists in March 2014 following a union settlement.
  • Continued Layoffs: Throughout the 2010s, the paper experienced multiple rounds of layoffs and buyouts affecting various editorial roles, including pop music critics, sports columnists, features writers, and more.

Nonprofit Transformation & Digital Future

A pivotal moment occurred on January 30, 2022, when the Sun-Times formally merged with Chicago Public Media, the nonprofit owner of NPR affiliate WBEZ, transitioning to a nonprofit model. This arrangement was backed by $61 million from philanthropic organizations, aiming to secure the paper's long-term viability. In October 2022, the Sun-Times shifted its digital subscription model to voluntary donations, allowing readers to access online content for free or contribute as they chose, with payments being tax-deductible due to its nonprofit status. In March 2025, the paper announced it would cease publishing editorials, and experienced further voluntary staff buyouts, impacting 20% of Chicago Public Media's total staff.

Recent Development: In May 2025, the Sun-Times faced scrutiny for publishing an AI-generated "Summer Reading list" that included nonexistent books and fabricated quotes, highlighting emerging challenges in journalistic integrity with new technologies.

Impact

Pulitzer Prize Laureates

The Chicago Sun-Times has been recognized with eight Pulitzer Prizes, a testament to its commitment to high-quality journalism. These awards span various categories and highlight the exceptional talent within its ranks:

  • 1970: Tom Fitzpatrick (General Reporting)
  • 1971: Jack Dykinga (Feature Photography)
  • 1973: Ron Powers (Criticism)
  • 1974: Art Petacque, Hugh Hough (General Reporting)
  • 1975: Roger Ebert (Criticism) - the first film critic to receive the prize.
  • 1982: John H. White (Feature Photography)
  • 1989: Jack Higgins (Editorial Cartooning)
  • 2011: Frank Main, Mark Konkol, John J. Kim (Local Reporting)

Noteworthy Investigations

Beyond the Mirage Tavern, the Sun-Times has a history of impactful investigative journalism. In January 2004, a six-month investigation by Tim Novak and Steve Warmbir exposed the "Hired Truck Program" scandal, uncovering significant civic corruption. These efforts underscore the paper's role in holding public institutions accountable and informing the Chicago populace.

Iconic Voices

The Sun-Times has been home to a constellation of influential writers and columnists who shaped public discourse and cultural commentary:

  • Roger Ebert: His film criticism became globally renowned, earning him a Pulitzer.
  • Mike Royko: A celebrated Chicago columnist who joined after the Daily News closure, though he later departed during the Murdoch era.
  • Irv Kupcinet: His "Kup's Column" was a daily staple for decades, offering insights into Chicago's social and political scene.
  • Bill Mauldin: The legendary World War II cartoonist brought his incisive political commentary to the paper.
  • Ann Landers: The widely syndicated advice column provided guidance to millions of readers.
  • Pete Souza: Began his career at the Sun-Times before becoming the official White House photographer for Presidents Reagan and Obama.
  • Other notable contributors: Richard Roeper, Neil Steinberg, Rick Telander, Carol Marin, Lynn Sweet, and Andy Ihnatko.

Footprint

Evolving Headquarters

The Chicago Sun-Times has occupied several significant locations throughout its history, reflecting the city's urban development and the paper's changing operational needs. Its current headquarters are located at the Chicago Navy Pier. Previously, the paper was situated on Wabash Avenue. From 2004 to 2017, it resided in the 350 North Orleans building. In 2017, it moved to a facility on Racine, with plans announced in 2022 to open a new facility in the historic Old Chicago Main Post Office, consolidating radio and newspaper functions with its affiliate WBEZ.

While images are not displayed, one might visualize the former headquarters at 350 North Orleans Street as a prominent building within the River North Point area. Another former headquarters, demolished in 2004, made way for the Trump Tower, a significant architectural change in the city's skyline. Historical views might show the Sun-Times building alongside iconic structures like the Wrigley Building and Tribune Tower, or even its shared premises with the former Daily News, illustrating its embeddedness in Chicago's urban fabric.

Printing and Distribution

For decades, the Sun-Times operated its own printing facilities. However, in a strategic move to reduce costs and adapt to industry changes, the paper announced in July 2011 that it would close its printing plant on Ashland Avenue. This decision led to the outsourcing of its newspaper printing operations to its long-standing rival, the Chicago Tribune. This collaboration extended beyond printing, as the Tribune had already been responsible for distributing the Sun-Times since 2007, highlighting a pragmatic alliance in a competitive media landscape.

Digital Strategy

In response to the evolving media consumption habits, the Chicago Sun-Times has significantly adapted its digital strategy. Following its transition to a nonprofit organization in 2022, the paper implemented a voluntary donation model for its digital content. This means that online readers can access the paper's journalism without a mandatory subscription, choosing instead to support its mission through optional contributions. This innovative approach leverages its nonprofit status, making donations tax-deductible and aiming to foster community support for its journalistic endeavors in the digital age.

Culture

"Early Edition" in Pop Culture

The Chicago Sun-Times gained a unique place in popular culture through its prominent feature in the CBS television series Early Edition. The show centered on a character who mysteriously received each day's Chicago Sun-Times newspaper 24 hours before its actual publication. This premise allowed the protagonist to foresee and intervene in future events, making the newspaper a central, almost magical, element of the narrative. The series cemented the Sun-Times' image as an integral part of Chicago's daily life and a symbol of news and information.

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References

References

  1.  The Chicago Sun was established in 1941, the Daily Times in 1929, although the Daily Times was founded from Daily Journal assets by the last owner of the Journal, which traced back to 1844.
  2.  2 Sun-Times editors quit to join Tribune. Chicago Tribune (May 3, 2002). Retrieved on 2013-07-13.
A full list of references for this article are available at the Chicago Sun-Times Wikipedia page

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