Danes are an ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark. They are identified with the country of Denmark, and this connection can be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. The Danish name for Danes is Danskere.

What is the approximate total population of Danes?

The total population of Danes is estimated to be around 8 million. This figure includes Danes living in Denmark and those in the diaspora.

How many people identify as Danish in Denmark?

As of recent data, there are 5,961,249 people in Denmark who identify as Danish. This represents the core population of the nation.

What is the estimated number of people of Danish descent in the United States?

There are approximately 1,430,897 people in the United States who are of Danish descent. This makes the United States one of the largest countries outside of Denmark with a significant Danish population.

How many Canadians report Danish background?

According to the 2006 Census, there were 200,035 Canadians with a Danish background. Of these, 17,650 were born in Denmark, indicating both immigration and descendants.

What is the population of Danes in Australia?

There are 65,529 people in Australia who are of Danish background. This highlights Australia as a destination for Danish emigrants.

How many people of Danish descent live in Norway?

Norway has an estimated 52,510 people of Danish background. This reflects the close historical and geographical ties between Denmark and Norway.

What is the approximate number of Danes in Brazil?

There are around 52,000 Danes or people of Danish descent in Brazil. Brazil has been a significant destination for Danish emigration, particularly in the past.

How many people of Danish descent reside in Germany?

Approximately 50,000 people of Danish descent live in Germany. This figure is influenced by historical border changes and shared cultural heritage in the region.

What is the estimated number of Danes in Argentina?

There are about 48,000 people of Danish descent in Argentina. Argentina has historically attracted Danish immigrants seeking new opportunities.

How many people of Danish background are there in Sweden?

Sweden is home to 42,602 people with Danish background. This number reflects ongoing connections and migration between the Scandinavian countries.

What is the number of Danish-born individuals in the United Kingdom?

There are 18,493 individuals in the United Kingdom who were born in Denmark. This statistic specifically counts Danish-born residents, not necessarily all those of Danish descent.

How many Danes live in Spain?

An estimated 10,000 Danes reside in Spain. This indicates a notable Danish community in Spain, likely drawn by lifestyle or economic factors.

What is the primary language spoken by Danes?

The primary language spoken by Danes is Danish. This language is a North Germanic language and is also spoken by a minority in Germany and by Danish immigrants worldwide.

What is the main religion associated with Danes?

The primary religion associated with Danes is Lutheranism, specifically through the Church of Denmark. This reflects the historical impact of the Reformation in the region.

What ancient Germanic peoples inhabited the region that is now Denmark?

Since ancient times, the region that is now Denmark was inhabited by various Germanic peoples. These included groups such as the Angles, Cimbri, Jutes, Herules, and Teutones.

What did a 2025 study in Nature reveal about early Danish history?

A 2025 study published in the journal Nature found genetic evidence suggesting an influx of people from central Europe into the region later known as Denmark. This migration occurred after approximately 500 CE.

Where is the first mention of Danes within Denmark found?

The earliest mention of Danes within Denmark is found on the Jelling Rune Stone. This significant artifact records Harald Bluetooth's conversion of the Danes to Christianity in the 10th century.

What kingdom did Harald Bluetooth establish?

Harald Bluetooth established a kingdom in the lands of the Danes between approximately 960 and the early 980s. This kingdom extended from Jutland all the way to Scania.

How did Harald Bluetooth reportedly convert to Christianity?

According to legend, Harald Bluetooth converted to Christianity after a visit from a German missionary. The missionary reportedly survived an ordeal by fire, which convinced Harald to adopt the Christian faith.

What territories were incorporated into the Danish North Sea Empire?

Following the Viking expansion, territories such as Norway and England were incorporated into the Danish North Sea Empire. This marked a period of significant Danish influence and control over neighboring regions.

When did England break away from Danish control?

England broke away from Danish control after the death of Canute the Great in 1035. This marked the end of the North Sea Empire's direct rule over England.

Who was Sweyn Estridson and what were his key achievements?

Sweyn Estridson, Canute the Great's nephew, re-established strong royal Danish authority after the dissolution of the North Sea Empire. He also built a positive relationship with the Archbishop of Bremen, who at the time held ecclesiastical authority over all of Scandinavia.

How did the Danish empire expand in the centuries following Sweyn Estridson?

In the centuries after Sweyn Estridson's reign, the Danish empire expanded significantly throughout the southern Baltic coast. This expansion demonstrated Denmark's growing power and influence in the region.

Which Danish king acquired control over Norway, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands?

King Olaf II of Denmark acquired control over the Kingdom of Norway, which included Norway itself, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. This acquisition significantly expanded the Danish realm during the 14th century.

Who was responsible for uniting Norway, Sweden, and Denmark into the Kalmar Union?

Olaf II's mother, Margrethe I, was instrumental in uniting Norway, Sweden, and Denmark into the Kalmar Union. This union created a powerful Scandinavian state for a period.

When did Sweden gain independence from the Kalmar Union?

Sweden gained its independence in 1523, which led to the eventual dismantling of the Kalmar Union. This event marked a significant shift in Scandinavian political dynamics.

What was the union established after Sweden's independence from the Kalmar Union?

Following Sweden's independence and the dissolution of the Kalmar Union, the union of Denmark-Norway was established. This union persisted for several centuries.

How did Denmark-Norway accumulate wealth in the 16th century?

Denmark-Norway grew wealthy during the 16th century primarily due to increased maritime traffic through the Øresund. The Danish Crown levied taxes on this traffic, contributing significantly to its revenue.

What was the origin and impact of the Reformation in Denmark?

The Reformation, originating in German lands with Martin Luther's ideas in the early 16th century, had a considerable impact on Denmark. The Danish Reformation began in the mid-1520s, with a desire among some Danes for access to the Bible in their own language.

Who translated the New Testament into Danish, and when was it published?

Hans Mikkelsen and Christiern Pedersen translated the New Testament into Danish in 1524. This translation became an immediate bestseller, making religious texts more accessible to the Danish populace.

Who was Hans Tausen and what was his role in the Danish Reformation?

Hans Tausen was a Danish monk who had studied in Wittenberg, Germany, and was influenced by Martin Luther's teachings. He became a key figure in spreading the Reformation's ideas within Denmark.

When did Denmark-Norway colonize Greenland?

Denmark-Norway began colonizing Greenland in the 17th century. This expansion represented a continuation of Danish overseas interests.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658?

The Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 was significant because it resulted in Denmark losing territories on the Scandinavian Peninsula to Sweden. This treaty established borders between Norway, Denmark, and Sweden that largely persist to this day.

How did the populations of the Scanian lands integrate over time?

Following the loss of the Scanian lands to Sweden after the Treaty of Roskilde, the populations in these areas gradually became fully integrated as Swedes over the subsequent centuries. This process reflects long-term political and cultural assimilation.

What major geopolitical event impacted Denmark in the early 19th century?

In the early 19th century, Denmark suffered a defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. This conflict led to the loss of control over Norway and territories in what is now northern Germany.

What period is known as the Danish Golden Age, and what contributed to its emergence?

The Danish Golden Age emerged ironically after Denmark's political and economic defeats in the Napoleonic Wars. This era saw the full formation of a Danish national identity and a flourishing of arts and culture.

When did Denmark become a constitutional monarchy?

Denmark became a constitutional monarchy on June 5, 1849. This transition followed the European revolutions of 1848 and demands from the growing bourgeoisie for political representation.

What key changes did the 1849 Danish constitution introduce?

The 1849 Danish constitution introduced significant reforms, including the separation of powers, the granting of suffrage to all adult males, and freedoms of the press, religion, and association. King Frederick VII approved these changes to avert a revolution.

What is the concept of Danishness (danskhed)?

Danishness, or 'danskhed', is the foundation of contemporary Danish national and ethnic identity. It is defined by a set of values shaped by the historical formation of the Danish nation, emphasizing a connection to the territory, the monarchy, the concept of 'the people' (folk), social egalitarianism, and cultural ties with other Scandinavian nations.

What did N. F. S. Grundtvig emphasize as key criteria for Danishness?

N. F. S. Grundtvig emphasized the Danish language and the emotional connection to and identification with the nation of Denmark as the defining criteria for Danishness. This cultural definition allowed for greater integration of ethnic minorities.

Why has Danish ethnicity been described as inclusive?

Danish ethnicity has been described as inclusive because it has not historically been tied to a specific racial or biological heritage. This cultural definition, focusing on language and national identification, allowed for the successful integration of early ethnic minorities, such as Jewish and Polish populations.

What was the outcome of the rescue of Danish Jews during the Holocaust?

The inclusive nature of Danish ethnicity contributed to the relative lack of virulent antisemitism in Denmark and the successful rescue of the Danish Jews during the Holocaust. Approximately 99% of Denmark's Jewish population was saved from the genocide.

What are the two main cultural criteria for being Danish?

The two defining cultural criteria for being Danish are speaking the Danish language and identifying Denmark as one's homeland. These elements are central to the modern Danish cultural identity.

How has the ideology of Danishness influenced Denmark's relationship with the EU?

The ideology of Danishness has played a significant role in shaping Danish political relations with the European Union. It has been associated with considerable resistance within the Danish population towards deeper EU integration.

What is the Danish diaspora?

The Danish diaspora refers to Danes who have emigrated from Denmark and their descendants, particularly those who maintain aspects of their Danish culture. This diaspora is found globally, with significant communities in various countries.

Where do Danish-identifying German citizens reside?

A minority of approximately fifty thousand Danish-identifying German citizens live in Southern Schleswig (Sydslesvig), a region that was historically Danish but is now part of Germany. They form about ten percent of the local population in that area.

What are some countries with significant Danish diaspora populations?

Significant populations with Danish roots outside Denmark can be found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Greenland, Peru, and Argentina. These countries have historically attracted Danish immigrants.

What are the main cities where Danes settled in Argentina?

In Argentina, the main cities where Danes settled were known as the 'triangle': Tandil, Necochea, and Tres Arroyos. These locations became centers for the Danish immigrant community.

What contributions is Jorgen Rasmussen known for in Peru?

Jorgen Rasmussen, who moved to Peru in 1864, is known for his contributions to the building of the country's electrical system. A plaque in the administrative buildings of the electrical headquarters commemorates his work.

What are the most common Y-DNA haplogroups among Danes?

The most common Y-DNA haplogroups found among Danes are R1b, accounting for 37.3% of the population, and I1, which is found in 32.8% of Danes. These genetic markers provide insights into the paternal lineage of the Danish population.

Danes Wiki: The Danish Tapestry: An Exploration of Identity and Heritage

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Who are the Danes?

Ethnic Group & Nationality

The Danes are recognized as a distinct ethnic group and nationality, indigenous to the region of Denmark. This identity is intrinsically linked to the Danish language and the historical and cultural narrative of the Danish nation.

Linguistic Heritage

The Danish language serves as a cornerstone of Danish identity, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage that binds the people together across generations and geographical boundaries.

Historical Trajectory

Early Origins & Viking Age

The historical landscape of Denmark has been shaped by various Germanic peoples. Early mentions of the Danes appear in texts referencing the conversion to Christianity under Harald Bluetooth in the 10th century. The subsequent Viking expansion established a significant North Sea Empire, integrating territories like Norway and England.

Early Inhabitants: Germanic tribes such as the Angles, Cimbri, and Jutes populated the region.
Viking Expansion: Danish influence extended across Scandinavia and into England, culminating in the North Sea Empire.
Kalmar Union: A union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden formed in the 14th century, later dissolved with Sweden's independence.

Kingdom & Reformation

Following the Kalmar Union's dissolution, the dual monarchy of Denmark-Norway emerged. The 16th century saw the impact of the Protestant Reformation, with the translation of the New Testament into Danish and the spread of Lutheranism.

Denmark-Norway: Established after Sweden's secession from the Kalmar Union.
Reformation Impact: The spread of Lutheranism and the translation of religious texts into Danish fostered cultural and religious change.
Territorial Changes: The Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 marked significant territorial losses to Sweden, reshaping Scandinavian borders.

National Identity & Modernity

The Napoleonic Wars led to territorial shifts, including the loss of Norway. Paradoxically, this period spurred the Danish Golden Age, fostering a distinct national identity. The liberal and national movements of the 19th century culminated in Denmark becoming a constitutional monarchy in 1849, solidifying a modern nation-state.

Danish Golden Age: A period of cultural flourishing following political setbacks.
Constitutional Monarchy: Established in 1849, granting citizens greater political participation and freedoms.
Nationalism: The concept of "the people" (folk) became central to ethnic nationalism, emphasizing shared language and cultural ties.

The Essence of Danishness

Defining Danishness

Contemporary Danish national and ethnic identity, known as danskhed, is rooted in a historical trajectory emphasizing a connection between the people, the territory, and the monarchy. It is characterized by a view of society as homogeneous and egalitarian, with strong cultural ties to other Scandinavian nations.

Cultural vs. Racial Heritage

Crucially, Danish identity has historically been defined by cultural markers rather than race or biology. Figures like N. F. S. Grundtvig highlighted the Danish language and emotional identification with Denmark as defining criteria. This inclusive approach facilitated the integration of early minorities and contributed to Denmark's relative lack of virulent antisemitism, notably seen in the rescue of Danish Jews during the Holocaust.

The Global Danish Footprint

Emigration and Communities

A significant Danish diaspora exists globally, comprising emigrants and their descendants who maintain Danish cultural practices. Notable communities are found in the United States (approx. 1.5 million), Canada (over 200,000), Australia, Brazil, Argentina, and Peru.

North America: United States (California, Wisconsin), Canada.
South America: Argentina (Tandil, Necochea, Tres Arroyos), Brazil, Peru (Lima).
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
Europe: A Danish minority resides in Southern Schleswig, Germany.

Citizenship and Heritage

While heritage is significant, Danish citizenship is not automatically granted based on ancestry alone, unlike in some other nations. Official Danish government recognition of Danish identity often requires more than just descent.

Genetic Heritage

Y-DNA Haplogroups

Genetic studies indicate that the most prevalent Y-DNA haplogroups among Danes are Haplogroup R1b, found in approximately 37.3% of the population, and Haplogroup I1, present in about 32.8% of individuals.

Cultural Contributions

Arts and Architecture

Danish culture is rich in artistic expression, encompassing renowned architecture, visual arts, and literature that have significantly influenced global trends. The "Modern Breakthrough" movement in the late 19th century marked a pivotal era in Danish literature and art.

Cuisine and Traditions

Danish cuisine is known for its emphasis on traditional foods, pastries, and beverages. Cultural traditions and public holidays are integral to the social fabric, reflecting a blend of historical customs and modern practices.

Social Norms

The concept of "Jante Law" (Law of Jante) reflects a cultural norm that discourages individual success and boasting, promoting a sense of collective modesty and equality within society.

Societal Fabric

Education and Healthcare

Denmark is recognized for its high-quality, accessible education system and comprehensive healthcare services, reflecting a strong commitment to social welfare and human capital development.

Demographics and Immigration

The nation's demographics are influenced by factors such as birth rates, life expectancy, and immigration patterns. Danish society generally maintains a high degree of social cohesion and egalitarianism.

Economic and Political Landscape

The Nordic Model

Denmark exemplifies the Nordic model, characterized by a mixed economy with a strong emphasis on social welfare, high levels of taxation, and a robust social safety net. Key economic indicators include a stable currency, the Danish Krone (DKK), and a focus on international trade.

Governance and Stability

The political system is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The Folketing serves as the national legislature, and the government operates under a system of separation of powers, ensuring political stability and citizen representation.

Governance Structure

Monarchy and Parliament

The Danish state is a constitutional monarchy, with the monarch serving as the head of state. The Folketing, Denmark's parliament, is the primary legislative body, elected through democratic processes.

Legal and Administrative Framework

The nation's legal system is well-established, with independent courts ensuring the rule of law. Administrative divisions structure the country's governance, facilitating the implementation of national policies and services.

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References

A full list of references for this article are available at the Danes Wikipedia page

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This document has been generated by an AI, synthesizing information from publicly available sources to provide an educational overview. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and depth, it is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice.

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The Danish Tapestry

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Who are the Danes? 🇩🇰

👥 Ethnic Group & Nationality

🗣️ Linguistic Heritage

Historical Trajectory ⏳

⚔️ Early Origins & Viking Age

👑 Kingdom & Reformation

💡 National Identity & Modernity

The Essence of Danishness ❤️

✨ Defining Danishness

🤝 Cultural vs. Racial Heritage

The Global Danish Footprint 🌍

✈️ Emigration and Communities

📜 Citizenship and Heritage

Genetic Heritage 🧬

🔬 Y-DNA Haplogroups

Cultural Contributions 🎨

🏛️ Arts and Architecture

🍽️ Cuisine and Traditions

⚖️ Social Norms

Societal Fabric 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

🎓 Education and Healthcare

📈 Demographics and Immigration

Economic and Political Landscape 💰

🌐 The Nordic Model

🏛️ Governance and Stability

Governance Structure 🗳️

👑 Monarchy and Parliament

⚖️ Legal and Administrative Framework

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📜 Scholarly Note

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Who are the Danes?

Ethnic Group & Nationality

Linguistic Heritage

Historical Trajectory

Early Origins & Viking Age

Kingdom & Reformation

National Identity & Modernity

The Essence of Danishness

Defining Danishness

Cultural vs. Racial Heritage

The Global Danish Footprint

Emigration and Communities

Citizenship and Heritage

Genetic Heritage

Y-DNA Haplogroups

Cultural Contributions

Arts and Architecture

Cuisine and Traditions

Social Norms

Societal Fabric

Education and Healthcare

Demographics and Immigration

Economic and Political Landscape

The Nordic Model

Governance and Stability

Governance Structure

Monarchy and Parliament

Legal and Administrative Framework

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Scholarly Note