Who won the 2022 Philippine presidential election as a member of a pro-federalist political party?

Bongbong Marcos won the 2022 Philippine presidential election as a member of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP), which translates to the Federal Party of the Philippines.

Who is credited with being the first to suggest the concept of a federal government for the Philippines?

The concept of a federal government for the Philippines was first suggested by Jose Rizal.

What was the Federal State of the Visayas, and what became of it?

The Federal State of the Visayas was established as a proposed administrative unit under a federal form of government. However, it was abolished just a year later by the central government in Malolos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo.

Who is recognized as one of the primary proponents of federalism in the Philippines during the 21st century, and what was their main argument?

Professor Jose Abueva from the University of the Philippines is considered one of the first proponents of federalism in the 21st century. He argued that a federal form of government is necessary to more efficiently address the diverse needs of the country.

What were the primary goals of constitutional amendments aimed at establishing federalism, particularly for regions outside Metro Manila?

The main objectives of pursuing a constitutional amendment for federalism were to increase decentralization, grant greater power to local entities, and improve access to resources, especially for regions outside Metro Manila, which has been perceived as overly centralized or "Imperial Manila."

Who was a significant advocate for federalism starting in 2001, and what specific national issues did they believe federalism could help resolve?

Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. was a prominent supporter of federalism who advocated for it from 2001 onwards. He saw the proposed federal system as a key component in alleviating the Mindanao crisis and appeasing Moro insurgents, while also believing it would hasten economic development by allowing states or provinces more discretion in resource and financial mobilization.

What event in 2009 sparked protests against charter change proposals, and what did a Pulse Asia survey reveal about public opinion at that time?

In 2009, the release of Senate and House resolutions supporting charter change led to protests by an estimated 13,000 to 15,000 people in Makati. These protests were fueled by speculation that President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo might use such amendments to extend her term. The Pulse Asia survey that year indicated that 42% of Filipino adults opposed the charter change, with 25% undecided and 33% in favor.

When did Rodrigo Duterte begin advocating for federalism, and what were his primary stated reasons for supporting this form of government?

In late 2014, then-Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte launched a nationwide campaign for a charter change to federalism. He stated that federalism would facilitate better service delivery to the people and saw the current system as "antiquated" due to disproportionate fund distribution favoring Metro Manila. He also believed federalism was the best way to address problems in Mindanao, particularly ethno-religious conflicts, given the country's ethnic diversity.

What specific, and somewhat unconventional, plans did Rodrigo Duterte propose regarding tax collection and the structure of the legislature if he were elected president?

Alongside his campaign for federalism, Rodrigo Duterte planned to privatize tax collection and abolish the House of Representatives to establish a unicameral legislature, which differed from the originally proposed Joint Resolution No. 10.

How did the submission of the Bangsamoro Basic Law in September 2014 impact the federalism movement?

The submission of the Bangsamoro Basic Law, which aimed to establish an autonomous region with its own parliamentary government and police force, intensified movements for federalism. Proponents and supporters saw its potential approval as a confidence booster to advocate for similar decentralized reforms nationwide.

What did President-elect Rodrigo Duterte state in May 2016 regarding the process of shifting to a federal system?

In May 2016, President-elect Rodrigo Duterte stated that a plebiscite, or public vote, on the proposed replacement of the unitary state with a federal one would be held within two years.

What was the purpose of Executive Order No. 10, signed by President Duterte in December 2016?

Executive Order No. 10, signed by President Duterte on December 7, 2016, created a consultative committee tasked with reviewing the 1987 Constitution.

What type of government did Joint Resolution No. 10 propose for the Philippines?

Joint Resolution No. 10 proposed adopting a federal and presidential form of government with a bicameral legislature.

Which 12 senators co-authored or supported Joint Resolution No. 10, which aimed to revise the constitution for a federal system?

The 12 senators who supported Joint Resolution No. 10 were Aquilino Pimentel Jr., Edgardo Angara, Rodolfo Biazon, Pia Cayetano, Juan Ponce Enrile, Francis Escudero, Jinggoy Estrada, Gregorio Honasan, Panfilo Lacson, Francis Pangilinan, Ramon Revilla Jr., and Manuel Villar.

What was Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr.'s specific proposal in 2008 regarding the structure of a federal Philippines?

In 2008, Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. proposed Joint Resolution No. 10, which aimed to revise the 1987 constitution to establish eleven autonomous regions, each serving as a center for finance and development, effectively creating eleven federal "states" and one federal administrative region.

What were some of the specific proposals within Joint Resolution No. 10 concerning the election of senators, the role of overseas voters, and the structure of the executive and legislative branches?

Within Joint Resolution No. 10, proposals included electing senators based on states, having senators represent overseas voters, and forming the governor and vice-governor positions as a team. It also suggested transferring the legislative department to the State of Central Visayas and the judicial department to the State of Northern Luzon, while keeping the executive department in Metro Manila.

What specific governmental bodies or functions were proposed to be abolished or relocated under Joint Resolution No. 10?

Joint Resolution No. 10 proposed the abolition of the Judicial and Bar Council, which screens nominees for judicial positions. It also suggested relocating the legislative department to the State of Central Visayas and the judicial department to the State of Northern Luzon.

What did House Concurrent Resolution No. 15, filed by Rep. Monico Puentevella in May 2008, propose in relation to Senate Resolution No. 10?

House Concurrent Resolution No. 15 supported Senate Resolution No. 10 but also included the option of using a constitutional convention to revise the constitution, while excluding the People's Initiative mode for amendments.

What was Prospero Nograles's sentiment regarding federalism and Senate Resolution 10?

Prospero Nograles, a self-proclaimed advocate of federalism and a leader from Mindanao, expressed strong support for Senate Resolution 10, viewing it as a positive development given the Senate's historical opposition to constitutional amendments. He believed the federal system was particularly relevant for Mindanao.

What was a key campaign promise made by Rodrigo Duterte when he ran for president in 2016?

A key campaign promise made by Rodrigo Duterte in 2016 was the adoption of a federal system of government for the Philippines.

What was the composition and primary function of the Consultative Committee (ConCom) created by President Duterte's Executive Order No. 10?

The Consultative Committee (ConCom) created by Executive Order No. 10 consisted of 25 members and was tasked with reviewing the 1987 Constitution. Duterte appointed the first 22 members in January 2018.

What did surveys conducted in 2018 suggest about the public's understanding and support for federalism?

Surveys in 2018 indicated a lack of public awareness regarding federalism, which was attributed as a reason for the limited public support for the campaign promoting it.

As of August 2020, what three potential methods were being considered by the Duterte administration to transition to a federal system?

As of August 2020, the Duterte administration was considering three options to achieve a shift to federalism: amending the 1987 Constitution through a Constitutional Convention (Con-Con), a Constituent Assembly (Con-Ass), or a people's initiative.

What were the findings of a March 2018 Pulse Asia poll regarding Filipino public opinion on federalism?

A March 2018 Pulse Asia poll found that 27% of Filipinos supported a federal government, while a significant majority of 66% opposed it, and 6% remained unsure.

What did a Social Weather Stations (SWS) poll in early 2018 reveal about Filipino awareness and support for federalism?

An early 2018 SWS poll showed that 75% of Filipinos were unaware of federalism as a form of government, while 25% reported awareness. Among those aware, 37% supported federalism, 29% opposed it, and 34% were undecided.

What related topics are listed under the "See also" section of the article?

The "See also" section lists related topics such as Proposed federal states of the Philippines, Federal State of the Visayas, Bangsamoro, and the Cordillera autonomy movement.

According to the image caption, what was the intended division of the Philippines by Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini?

The image caption indicates that Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini intended for the Philippines to be divided into three federal states: Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao.

What were the proposed states and their respective capitals as outlined in Joint Resolution No. 10 from 2008?

Joint Resolution No. 10 proposed eleven federal states with designated capitals. For example, State A (Northern Luzon) was proposed to have Tuguegarao as its capital, State B (Central Luzon) San Fernando, Pampanga, and State J (Southern Mindanao) Davao City. Other proposed states included Bicol (capital Legazpi), Eastern Visayas (capital Catbalogan), Central Visayas (capital Toledo), and Western Visayas (capital Iloilo City), among others.

What was the proposed federal administrative region in Joint Resolution No. 10, and what was its designation?

The proposed federal administrative region in Joint Resolution No. 10 was Metro Manila, designated with the letter M.

Who was the President of the Philippines during the period when Joint Resolution No. 10 was proposed and supported by 12 senators?

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was in office during the period when Joint Resolution No. 10 was proposed and supported by 12 senators, and she mentioned the shift to this system in her later state of the nation addresses.

What was the significance of the Bangsamoro Basic Law in relation to federalism proponents?

The Bangsamoro Basic Law, which aimed to create an autonomous region, was seen by federalism proponents as a potential stepping stone or confidence builder for advocating a more decentralized, federal system for the entire country.

What specific criticisms were made regarding the omission of certain provisions in the draft federal constitution submitted by the Consultative Committee?

Criticisms of the draft federal constitution included the omission of provisions designed as safeguards against political dynasties and turncoatism, as well as the removal of the Vice President's position.

How did the political party of Bongbong Marcos in the 2022 election reflect the growing popularity of federalism?

Bongbong Marcos winning the 2022 Philippine presidential election as a member of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) demonstrates the increasing popularity and political viability of federalism-based platforms in the Philippines.

What does the term "Imperial Manila" refer to in the context of discussions about federalism in the Philippines?

"Imperial Manila" is a term used to describe the perceived excessive centralization of power and resources in Metro Manila, which federalism proponents argue disadvantages other regions and contributes to inequality.

What was the stated goal of Jose Abueva in advocating for a federal form of government?

Jose Abueva advocated for a federal form of government with the goal of more efficiently catering to the diverse needs of the Philippines, aiming to decentralize power and resources away from the central government.

What specific concerns did the 2009 protests against charter change highlight?

The 2009 protests against charter change were primarily driven by suspicions that President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo intended to use constitutional amendments to extend her term in office.

What was the proposed structure of the government under Joint Resolution No. 10, specifically regarding the number of branches and their relationship?

Joint Resolution No. 10 proposed a federal and presidential form of government with a bicameral legislature, outlining the relocation of the legislative and judicial branches while keeping the executive in Metro Manila.

What role did the Senate play in the push for federalism, as evidenced by Senate Resolution No. 10 and the support it garnered?

Senate Resolution No. 10, which called for convening Congress into a constituent assembly to revise the constitution for a federal system, garnered support from 12 senators, indicating a significant push for federalism within the legislative body at that time.

How did the concept of federalism relate to addressing the Mindanao crisis according to Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr.?

Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. viewed federalism as a crucial component in resolving the Mindanao crisis and appeasing Moro insurgents by decentralizing governance and potentially addressing regional grievances more effectively.

What was the outcome of the Federal State of the Visayas?

The Federal State of the Visayas was established as a proposed administrative unit under a federal system but was subsequently abolished by Emilio Aguinaldo's central government in Malolos.

What is the Filipino term for federalism in the Philippines?

The Filipino term for federalism in the Philippines is "Pederalismo sa Pilipinas."

What was the main argument for federalism presented by Rodrigo Duterte regarding service delivery?

Rodrigo Duterte argued that federalism would facilitate a better and more efficient delivery of services to the people across the country.

What specific aspect of the current Philippine government system did Rodrigo Duterte describe as "antiquated"?

Rodrigo Duterte described the current unitary system of government as "antiquated," particularly in how it distributed public funds disproportionately in favor of Metro Manila.

What was the purpose of the map shown in the article's introductory figure?

The map shown in the article's introductory figure illustrates the areas generally regarded as Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, which were intended by Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini to form the basis of a federal government structure.

What was the general sentiment of Filipinos towards charter change for federalism according to a 2009 Pulse Asia survey?

According to a 2009 Pulse Asia survey, 42% of Filipino adults opposed charter change for federalism, while 33% were in favor and 25% remained undecided.

Federalism In The Philippines Wiki: Philippine Federalism: Pathways to Decentralization

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Understanding Federalism in the Philippines

Defining the Movement

Federalism in the Philippines refers to various political movements advocating for a federal system of governance. This concept has gained significant traction among the Filipino populace in recent decades, with numerous political figures successfully incorporating federalist platforms into their campaigns. Notably, Bongbong Marcos secured the presidency in 2022 under the banner of the pro-federalist Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP).

Core Principles

At its heart, federalism involves the division of powers between a central national government and constituent political units (states or regions). Proponents argue that this structure can lead to more efficient governance, better resource allocation, and greater responsiveness to the diverse needs of the archipelago's various regions, particularly those outside the traditional center of power in Metro Manila.

Growing Popularity

The appeal of federalism has been amplified by concerns over perceived governmental inefficiency, regional disparities, and the desire for greater local autonomy. Political leaders have championed federalism as a means to address historical grievances, foster economic development at the regional level, and potentially resolve long-standing socio-political issues, especially in regions like Mindanao.

Historical Roots and Evolution

Early Visions

The concept of federal governance in the Philippines traces back to the late 19th century. National hero Dr. Jose Rizal, in his 1889 essay "Filipinas dentro de cien años" ("The Philippines a Century Hence"), envisioned a federalist structure for the nation. Later, during the revolutionary period, Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini proposed dividing the islands into three federal states: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. This led to the establishment of the short-lived Federal State of the Visayas, which was later abolished by the central government in Malolos.

21st Century Advocacy

In the contemporary era, prominent figures like Professor Jose Abueva of the University of the Philippines have been key advocates, arguing that federalism is essential for effectively managing the country's diversity and decentralizing power away from "Imperial Manila." Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. was another significant proponent, championing federalism from 2001 onwards as a means to address the Mindanao crisis, appease Moro insurgents, and accelerate economic development by granting states greater discretion over resources.

Public Sentiment and Resistance

The push for constitutional reform, including a shift to federalism, has often met with public skepticism and resistance. In 2009, significant protests occurred in Makati against proposed amendments, fueled by concerns that then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo might use charter change to extend her term. Public opinion surveys, such as those conducted by Pulse Asia, have consistently shown divided or predominantly opposed sentiments regarding federalism, often attributed to a lack of public awareness or distrust in the motives behind proposed reforms.

Duterte's Federalism Campaign

Rodrigo Duterte significantly propelled federalism into the national political discourse during his 2016 presidential campaign. He argued that federalism would improve service delivery, rectify the disproportionate allocation of funds favoring Metro Manila, and address the ethno-religious conflicts prevalent in Mindanao. His administration established a Consultative Committee (ConCom) via Executive Order No. 10 in 2016 to draft a new federal constitution, though proposed drafts faced criticism for omitting certain safeguards and removing the Vice Presidency.

Legislative and Administrative Initiatives

Under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

During President Arroyo's administration, significant legislative efforts were made towards federalism. In 2008, Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. introduced Joint Resolution No. 10, proposing a revision of the 1987 Constitution to establish a federal and presidential system with a bicameral legislature. This resolution envisioned the creation of eleven federal states and one federal administrative region, with proposed capitals and geographic extents.

Proposed designations, capitals, and geographic extents (2008)
States (11)
Letter	State	Capital
A	Northern Luzon	Tuguegarao
B	Central Luzon	San Fernando, Pampanga
C	Southern Tagalog	Tagaytay
D	Minparom	Mamburao
E	Bicol	Legazpi
F	Eastern Visayas	Catbalogan
G	Central Visayas	Toledo, Cebu
H	Western Visayas	Iloilo City
I	Northern Mindanao	Cagayan de Oro
J	Southern Mindanao	Davao City
K	BangsaMoro	Marawi
Other (1)
Letter	Federal Administrative Region
M	Metro Manila

Additionally, House Concurrent Resolution No. 15, filed by Rep. Monico Puentevella, supported the Senate's resolution and introduced the option of a constitutional convention, while excluding the People's Initiative mode for amendments. Speaker Prospero Nograles, a proponent of federalism, expressed strong support for these moves.

Under President Rodrigo Duterte

President Rodrigo Duterte made federalism a cornerstone of his platform. Upon taking office, he issued Executive Order No. 10, establishing a 25-member Consultative Committee (ConCom) tasked with reviewing the 1987 Constitution. The ConCom submitted draft proposals, notably one on July 9, 2018, which aimed to establish a federal republic. However, subsequent versions faced criticism for omitting safeguards against political dynasties and turncoatism, and for removing the position of Vice President.

The Duterte administration continued to pursue the shift, exploring options such as a Constitutional Convention (Con-Con), Constituent Assembly (Con-Ass), or people's initiative to amend the constitution. The submission of the Bangsamoro Basic Law, establishing an autonomous region, also provided momentum for federalism proponents seeking greater decentralization nationwide.

Public Opinion and Awareness

Awareness Levels

Surveys conducted in 2018 by organizations like Social Weather Stations (SWS) indicated a significant lack of public awareness regarding federalism. The SWS poll revealed that approximately 75% of Filipinos were unaware of federalism as a form of government. This low awareness level was identified as a key factor contributing to the limited public support for federalism initiatives.

Support and Opposition

Despite the low awareness, among those who were aware, opinions were divided. A Pulse Asia poll in March 2018 found that 27% of Filipinos supported a federal government, while a substantial 66% expressed opposition, and 6% remained unsure. Another SWS survey in early 2018 showed that among the aware respondents, 37% supported federalism, 29% opposed it, and 34% were undecided, highlighting a complex and evolving public sentiment.

Related Concepts

Key Areas of Discussion

The discourse on federalism in the Philippines is interconnected with several other significant political and administrative concepts:

Proposed federal states of the Philippines: Various models and proposals for the division of the country into federal states.
Federal State of the Visayas: A historical attempt at establishing a federal state within the Philippine revolutionary government.
Bangsamoro: The establishment of an autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao, often seen as a precursor or parallel development to federalism.
Cordillera autonomy movement: A long-standing movement advocating for greater autonomy for the Cordillera region in Northern Luzon.

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References

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This page has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended solely for informational and educational purposes. The content is derived from publicly available data and may not encompass all nuances or the most current developments regarding federalism in the Philippines.

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Philippine Federalism: Pathways to Decentralization

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Understanding Federalism in the Philippines 💡

🇵🇭 Defining the Movement

⚖️ Core Principles

📈 Growing Popularity

Historical Roots and Evolution 📜

📜 Early Visions

🗣️ 21st Century Advocacy

✊ Public Sentiment and Resistance

🚀 Duterte's Federalism Campaign

Legislative and Administrative Initiatives 🏛️

📜 Under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

✍️ Under President Rodrigo Duterte

Public Opinion and Awareness 📊

❓ Awareness Levels

⚖️ Support and Opposition

Related Concepts ➡️

🔗 Key Areas of Discussion

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Understanding Federalism in the Philippines

Defining the Movement

Core Principles

Growing Popularity

Historical Roots and Evolution

Early Visions

21st Century Advocacy

Public Sentiment and Resistance

Duterte's Federalism Campaign

Legislative and Administrative Initiatives

Under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Under President Rodrigo Duterte

Public Opinion and Awareness

Awareness Levels

Support and Opposition

Related Concepts

Key Areas of Discussion

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice