How was the term 'hegemony' used in Ancient Greece?

In Ancient Greece, from approximately the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD, hegemony denoted the politico-military dominance of one city-state, referred to as the hegemon, over other city-states.

What did the term 'hegemony' signify in 19th-century usage?

During the 19th century, 'hegemony' evolved to describe the social or cultural predominance or ascendancy of one group within a society or milieu. It could also refer to a group or regime that exerted undue influence within a society.

According to theories of imperialism, what is the role of a hegemonic order in subordinate states?

In theories of imperialism, a hegemonic order dictates the internal politics and societal character of subordinate states within the hegemon's sphere of influence. This control can be exerted through either an internally sponsored government or an externally installed government.

How is hegemony distinguished from empire in international relations theory?

In international relations theory, hegemony is typically distinguished from empire by the scope of control. Hegemony primarily involves ruling external affairs of other states, whereas empire implies ruling both external and internal affairs.

What is the etymological origin of the word 'hegemony'?

The word 'hegemony' originates from the post-classical Latin word 'hegemonia,' which itself comes from the Greek word 'hēgemonía.' This Greek term means 'authority, rule, political supremacy,' and is related to 'hēgemṓn,' meaning 'leader.'

How did Gramsci's concept of cultural hegemony influence political science?

Gramsci's analysis led to a political science understanding of hegemony as leadership. This concept was applied to historical examples like Prussia's dominance within the German Empire and Napoleon Bonaparte's influence over the French Consulate.

What is the core idea of hegemonic stability theory?

Hegemonic stability theory posits that a hegemonic power is essential for establishing and maintaining a stable international political and economic order. This theory was notably developed in the 1970s by scholars like Robert Gilpin and Stephen D. Krasner.

What are the different forms hegemony can take, according to international relations scholars?

Hegemony can manifest in several forms: benevolent hegemons provide public goods to states within their sphere of influence; coercive hegemons use power to discipline states; and exploitative hegemonies extract resources from other countries.

What historical periods are cited as examples of hegemony in Ancient Greece?

In Ancient Greece, Sparta served as the hegemon of the Peloponnesian League, Philip II of Macedon led the League of Corinth, and Athens acted as the hegemon within the Delian League. These city-states exerted dominance over their respective alliances.

How did the state of Qin achieve hegemony in ancient China during the Spring and Autumn period?

During the Spring and Autumn period in ancient China, the state of Qin, under rulers like Duke Xian, gradually expanded its influence. Qin commanded eight lands and brought lords of equal rank to its court, eventually leading to its unification of China by 221 BC, moving from a hegemonic position to outright conquest.

What was Rome's relationship with its client states, and how did it evolve into an empire?

Rome established hegemony over the Mediterranean by treating client states as 'allies and friends' bound by treaties, rather than subjects. These states retained internal autonomy but were restricted from hostile alliances or wars without Senate consent. Annexations, often following breaches of these agreements, gradually transformed Rome's hegemonic influence into direct imperial rule.

Which Italian maritime republics held hegemony in the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages?

From the 11th to the late 15th century, Italian maritime republics, particularly Venice and Genoa, held hegemony in the Mediterranean. They dominated trade between Europe and the Orient and possessed significant naval supremacy.

Which European powers are identified as historical contenders for hegemony between the 16th and 19th centuries?

Between the 16th and 19th centuries, Portugal (based on navigation dominance), Spain (based on military and New World colonization), the Netherlands (based on control of credit and trade), France (under Louis XIV and Napoleon), and Britain (based on textiles, sea command, and industrial supremacy) are cited as historical contenders for hegemony.

What role did the British Empire play in global hegemony after Napoleon's defeat?

After Napoleon's defeat, the British Empire became the largest empire in history, exerting global hegemony. At its zenith, under Queen Victoria, it controlled a quarter of the world's land and population, with significant holdings in the Indian subcontinent, Africa, and various islands.

How did Bismarck view Germany's role in Europe regarding hegemony?

Otto von Bismarck defined Germany's path as one of non-expansion and avoiding hegemony in Europe. He aimed for Germany to be the strongest power without dominating, emphasizing stability and security without seeking hegemony.

What characterized the international power dynamic during the Cold War?

The Cold War was characterized by a bipolar power dynamic between the United States and the Soviet Union. This ideological and geopolitical struggle involved competition through arms races and proxy wars, drawing many countries into their respective spheres of influence.

What is meant by the term 'Empire by invitation' in relation to American hegemony during the Cold War?

'Empire by invitation' describes the post-World War II period where American hegemony was established partly through alliances and the invitation of other nations to join its security and economic structures, such as NATO.

What event marked the end of the Cold War and the emergence of a sole hegemonic power?

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War and left the United States as the world's sole hegemonic power.

What arguments do John Mearsheimer and Joseph Nye make regarding US global hegemony in the 21st century?

John Mearsheimer and Joseph Nye have argued that the US may not be a genuine global hegemon, suggesting it lacks the full financial and military resources to impose formal global hegemony and cannot achieve all its goals alone. Mearsheimer specifically notes the difficulty of projecting power over large bodies of water as a limiting factor.

How is hegemony discussed in media and communications studies, drawing from Gramsci and Stuart Hall?

In media and communications studies, drawing from Gramsci and Stuart Hall, hegemony refers to the dominance of certain individuals or concepts within a culture. The media is seen as a critical institution that can either promote or hinder the establishment of this cultural dominance.

What is cultural imperialism in the context of media and communications studies?

Cultural imperialism, in this context, is a means by which imperial dominance is established. It involves the leading state (hegemon) dictating the internal politics and societal character of subordinate states through the imposition of its way of life, including its language and institutions, thereby transforming direct military domination into indirect political power.

How does language function in the establishment of cultural hegemony?

Language plays a crucial role in establishing cultural hegemony, particularly through the imposition of a lingua franca by the hegemon. This language often becomes the official source of information, influencing the society of subordinate states.

According to the provided data, which country had the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP in 2024?

According to the provided data for 2024, Ukraine had the highest military spending as a percentage of GDP, at 34.5%.

Which country spent the most on its military in billions of dollars in 2024, based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?

Based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) data for 2024, the United States spent the most on its military, totaling $997 billion.

What was the military spending of China and Russia in billions of dollars in 2024, according to the PPP data?

In 2024, China's military spending was $555 billion, and Russia's was $412 billion, according to the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) data provided.

What interpretation did Alexander Dugin offer for the Russo-Georgian War in 2008?

Alexander Dugin, a Russian geopolitical thinker, interpreted the Russo-Georgian War as an act of anti-hegemonic resistance, stating his desire to 'put an end to America's hegemony.'

How did Vladimir Putin characterize the post-Cold War world order following the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Putin stated that the breakdown of Western hegemony had passed the point of no return, and the post-Cold War hegemonic world order would not return. He has also framed the war in Ukraine as an 'anti-hegemonic' struggle.

What claim did the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs make about US hegemony in 2023?

In 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed that US hegemony has existed since the end of the Cold War and that its consistent abuse imperils the world. They noted that only three UN member states (Andorra, Liechtenstein, and Bhutan) were not militarily involved by the US, humorously suggesting they were 'spared because the United States did not find them on the map.'

What is the significance of the 'Five Hegemons' (Ba) in ancient Chinese history?

The 'Five Hegemons' (Ba) in ancient China, during the Spring and Autumn period, were powerful states that emerged due to the weakened rule of the Eastern Zhou dynasty. Their term is translated as 'lord protector' or 'chief of the feudal lords,' signifying a position intermediate between a king and an emperor.

How did the Roman Empire's relationship with client states change over time?

Initially, Rome maintained hegemony by treating client states as allies with treaties that preserved their sovereignty, imposing restrictions on foreign policy but not direct rule. Over time, particularly through annexations following treaty violations, Rome transitioned from a hegemonic power to an imperial one, directly ruling territories.

What is the distinction between hegemony and unipolarity in international relations, according to Nuno Monteiro?

According to Nuno Monteiro, unipolarity refers to a preponderance of power within an anarchic system, whereas hegemony describes a hierarchical system where the most powerful state can control the external behavior of all other states.

What is the 'h-word' that Perry Anderson discusses in his book 'The H-Word: The Peripeteia of Hegemony'?

Perry Anderson's book 'The H-Word' discusses hegemony, exploring its 'peripeteia,' which implies a reversal or downfall, suggesting a critical examination of the concept's historical trajectory and application.

What did Edward Luttwak propose regarding the Roman Empire's strategy and its eventual fall?

Edward Luttwak outlined three stages in Roman grand strategy: hegemonic, imperial, and a later stage. He proposed that the transformation from a hegemonic approach to direct imperial rule proved fatal and ultimately contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire.

What is the 'dual-hegemony' concept described by Reinhard Hildebrandt in relation to the Cold War?

Reinhard Hildebrandt's concept of 'dual-hegemony' describes the Cold War period where two dominant states, the US and the USSR, stabilized their respective European spheres of influence in opposition to each other, creating a system where both powers exerted influence simultaneously but separately.

What does 'hegemonic masculinity' refer to in sociological contexts?

While not detailed in the provided text, 'hegemonic masculinity' is a related concept that refers to the dominant and socially endorsed form of masculinity within a society, which often marginalizes other forms of masculinity and femininity.

What is 'hegemonic stability theory' and who were its key proponents?

Hegemonic stability theory suggests that a dominant global power, or hegemon, is necessary to maintain international order and stability. Key proponents of this theory include Robert Gilpin and Stephen D. Krasner, who developed it in the 1970s.

How did the concept of hegemony evolve in the 19th century regarding international relations?

In the 19th century, the concept of hegemony expanded to describe the predominance of one country over others. This led to the term 'hegemonism,' referring to the geopolitical strategies of Great Powers aiming for indirect imperial rule, which in turn defined imperialism as direct foreign rule.

What is the significance of the 'Pax Romana' in relation to Roman hegemony?

The 'Pax Romana' signifies an era of peace initiated by Augustus. However, scholars note that this peace was 'imperial' rather than purely 'hegemonic,' with 'hegemony' sometimes used broadly to encompass both direct imperial rule and indirect hegemonic influence.

What role did the Dutch Republic play in commercial hegemony during the 16th and 17th centuries?

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch Republic achieved commercial hegemony through its mercantilist policies, enabled by advancements in wind power for efficient production and delivery. This facilitated the Amsterdam stock market and dominance in world trade.

What did the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs suggest about the US hegemony's impact on the world?

The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs suggested that the US's consistent abuse of its hegemony since the end of the Cold War imperils the world, implying that its dominance has negative global consequences.

What are the different types of hegemonic powers identified in international relations?

International relations scholars identify three types of hegemonic powers: benevolent hegemons, who provide public goods; coercive hegemons, who use power to discipline other states; and exploitative hegemonies, which extract resources from other countries.

What is the relationship between hegemony and 'soft power'?

While not explicitly detailed in the text, 'soft power' is listed as a related concept to hegemony. Soft power refers to the ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion, which can be a component of hegemonic strategy.

What historical event is cited as a turning point away from the US-enforced hegemonic order after the Cold War?

The Russo-Georgian War in 2008 is cited by some analysts as a turning point that marked a shift away from the hegemonic order the US had tried to enforce for the first two decades after the Cold War.

What does the term 'hegemonism' denote in relation to European colonialism?

Hegemonism denoted the geopolitical and cultural predominance of one country over others, particularly in the context of Great Power politics from the 1880s to 1914. This era established hegemony through European colonialism in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

What is the 'hegemon' in the context of the ancient Chinese Spring and Autumn period?

In the ancient Chinese Spring and Autumn period, the 'hegemon' (Ba) was a state appointed by feudal lord conferences that held leadership over other states, nominally obliged to support the Zhou King. This role was intermediate between a king of an independent state and an Emperor of All Under Heaven.

What is the core argument of 'hegemonic stability theory' regarding international order?

Hegemonic stability theory argues that a stable international political and economic order requires the presence of a hegemonic power to establish and uphold the rules and norms of the system.

How did the concept of hegemony evolve from ancient Greece to the 19th century?

In Ancient Greece, hegemony referred to the political-military dominance of one city-state over others. By the 19th century, the term expanded to include social and cultural predominance within a society, as well as the political-military dominance of one country over others.

What is the 'paradox of American power' as alluded to by Joseph Nye?

Joseph Nye's reference to the 'paradox of American power' suggests that despite the United States looming large over other nations, similar to ancient Rome, its power might be complex or contain inherent contradictions, as implied by his book titles like 'The New Rome Meets the New Barbarians.'

What is the difference between hegemony and unipolarity, as explained by Nuno P. Monteiro?

Nuno P. Monteiro distinguishes hegemony from unipolarity by stating that unipolarity is a preponderance of power in an anarchic system, while hegemony is a hierarchical system where the most powerful state can control the external actions of all other states.

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Defining Hegemony

Predominant Influence

Hegemony, in its most fundamental sense, denotes the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, whether on a regional or global scale. This dominance allows the leading state, the hegemon, to shape the international system and influence the behavior of other actors.

Historical Context

The term's usage dates back to Ancient Greece, where it described the politico-military dominance of a city-state over others. Over centuries, its meaning evolved to encompass social and cultural ascendancy, signifying the predominance of one group or idea within a society.

Consent and Control

Beyond mere coercion, hegemony often involves the establishment of social norms and structures that foster consent for the dominant power's worldview. This subtle form of control, particularly emphasized in theories of cultural hegemony, ensures the maintenance of the existing social, political, and economic status quo.

Etymological Roots

Greek Origins

The term "hegemony" originates from the post-classical Latin word hēgemonia, derived from the Ancient Greek word ἡγεμονία (hēgemonía), meaning "authority, rule, political supremacy." This is closely related to the Greek word ἡγεμών (hēgemṓn), meaning "leader."

Language and Power

The Greek concept of hēgemōn, or leader, highlights the active role of guidance and command inherent in hegemony. The term's linguistic lineage underscores its deep connection to the exercise of authority and leadership in political and social spheres.

Hegemony in Political Science

Gramsci's Cultural Hegemony

Italian Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci significantly expanded the concept, introducing "cultural hegemony." He analyzed how the ruling class maintains power not just through force, but by shaping societal norms, values, and beliefs, making their worldview appear natural and inevitable.

Gramsci argued that hegemony is achieved when the dominant class's ideology becomes the "common sense" of society. This is accomplished through institutions like education, media, and religion, which disseminate the ruling class's values and justify the existing social structure.

Consent vs. Coercion

Hegemony operates on a spectrum between consent and coercion. While outright force (coercion) is a component, true hegemony relies heavily on the consent of the governed, achieved through ideological leadership and the normalization of the dominant power's interests.

Societal Structures

The theory posits that hegemony establishes social structures and norms that impose the dominant group's worldview. This justification of the status quo as natural, rather than artificial, is key to maintaining power without constant overt force.

Hegemony in International Relations

Shaping the Global Order

In international relations, hegemony refers to a state's ability to shape the global system. A hegemonic power can influence international norms, institutions, and the behavior of other states through both coercive and non-coercive means.

Hegemonic Stability Theory

This theory posits that a stable international political and economic order requires a hegemonic power to establish and uphold rules and institutions. Proponents like Robert Gilpin and Stephen Krasner argue that hegemons provide public goods, ensuring stability.

Decline and Transition

Theories also examine the decline of hegemons and the subsequent shifts in the international order. Such transitions can be disruptive, potentially leading to power vacuums or increased conflict, though cooperation may persist through established institutions.

Historical Manifestations

Ancient World

In Ancient Greece, hegemony was characterized by city-states like Sparta and Athens dominating leagues. Philip II of Macedon later established hegemony through the League of Corinth. Rome's expansion also saw it evolve from a hegemonic power to an empire.

Medieval and Early Modern Eras

Charlemagne's empire exerted hegemony in Europe. Italian maritime republics like Venice and Genoa dominated Mediterranean trade. Later, powers like Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, France, and Britain successively vied for and achieved periods of significant hegemony.

Modern Hegemony

The 20th century saw the rise of the United States as a dominant global power, particularly after World War II and the end of the Cold War. Debates continue regarding the nature, stability, and potential decline of American hegemony, with emerging powers like China often discussed in this context.

Media and Cultural Influence

Media as a Hegemonic Tool

Drawing from Gramsci and Stuart Hall, media studies views the media as a critical institution for establishing and maintaining hegemony. Media narratives can shape public opinion and reinforce dominant ideologies, contributing to the consent that underpins hegemonic power.

Language and Imperialism

The imposition of a dominant language (a lingua franca) by a hegemonic power can be a form of cultural imperialism. This practice transforms direct military domination into the abstract power of the status quo, influencing education and information dissemination.

Illustrative Examples

Ancient Greek Hegemonies

In 5th century BC Greece, Sparta led the Peloponnesian League, while Athens dominated the Delian League. These city-states exerted political and military leadership, defining the regional balance of power.

The British Empire

From the 19th century, the British Empire represented a significant period of global hegemony, characterized by its vast maritime reach, industrial dominance, and extensive colonial possessions, influencing economies and societies worldwide.

Post-Cold War Unipolarity

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the United States emerged as the sole superpower, often described as a hegemonic power. Its influence extended across military, economic, and cultural domains, though debates about its sustained dominance persist.

Comparative Military Spending

Military Spending: Top Countries by % GDP (2024)
🇺🇦 Ukraine	34.5
🇮🇱 Israel	8.8
🇩🇿 Algeria	8.0
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	7.3
🇷🇺 Russia	7.1
🇲🇲 Myanmar	6.8
🇴🇲 Oman	5.6
🇦🇲 Armenia	5.5
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan	5.0
🇰🇼 Kuwait	4.8
🇯🇴 Jordan	4.8
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso	4.7
🇲🇱 Mali	4.2
🇵🇱 Poland	4.2
🇧🇮 Burundi	3.8
🇧🇳 Brunei	3.6
🇲🇦 Morocco	3.5
🇺🇸 United States	3.4
🇪🇪 Estonia	3.4
🇨🇴 Colombia	3.4
🇱🇻 Latvia	3.3
🇬🇷 Greece	3.1
🇱🇹 Lithuania	3.1
🇹🇩 Chad	3.0
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan	3.0

Military Spending: Top Countries by PPP ($Billions) (2024)
🇺🇸 United States	997
🇨🇳 China	555
🇷🇺 Russia	412
🇮🇳 India	283
🇺🇦 Ukraine	188
🇩🇪 Germany	97
🇰🇷 South Korea	95
🇯🇵 Japan	91
🇫🇷 France	90
🇬🇧 United Kingdom	85
🇧🇷 Brazil	69
🇵🇱 Poland	61
🇮🇹 Italy	60
🇹🇷 Turkey	55
🇮🇩 Indonesia	47
🇨🇴 Colombia	45
🇲🇽 Mexico	40
🇪🇸 Spain	39
🇦🇺 Australia	31
🇨🇦 Canada	31
🇳🇱 Netherlands	21
🇵🇭 Philippines	21
🇷🇴 Romania	21
🇬🇷 Greece	17
🇲🇾 Malaysia	14

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References

Watson, Adam (1992). The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis, (London: Routledge), pp. 122â125, 131â132, 324.

Schroeder, Paul W. (10 February 2003). "Is the US an empire?" History News Network, https://www.hnn.us/article/is-the-us-an-empire

See Snidal, Duncan (1985). "The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory." International Organization 39 (4): pp. 580â614.

Grunberg, Isabelle (1990). "Exploring the âMyth' of Hegemonic Stability." International Organization 44 (4): 431â477.

Krasner, Stephen D. (1976). "State Power and the Structure of International Trade." World Politics 28 (3): 317â347.

Kindleberger, Charles P. (1981). "Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy." International Studies Quarterly 25: 242â254.

Gilpin, Robert (1981). War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Snidal, Duncan (1985). "The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory." International Organization 39 (4): 580â614.

Schweller, Randall L., and Xiaoyu Pu (2011). "After Unipolarity: China's Vision of International Order in an Era of U.S. Decline." International Security 36 (1): 41â72.

Bush, B., Imperialism and Postcolonialism, Routledge, 2014, p. 123.

Mayr, A., Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse, A&C Black, 2008, p. 14.

Clayton, T., Rethinking Hegemony, James Nicholas Publishers, 2006, pp. 202â03.

Samuel Noah Kramer, History Begins in Sumer, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1956, p 32.

Guanzi: Economic Dialogues in Ancient China, ed. Adam K. W. Wen, Connecticut: New Heaven, 1954, p. 60.

Han Fei,1:5â12. Complete Works, tr. W. K. Liao, London: Columbia University Press, 1959.

Perry Cooper Sands, The Client Princes under the Republic, New York: Arno Press, 1975, pp. 114, 160.

The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century AD to the Third, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976).

Andrew Lintott, Imperium Romanum: Politics and Administration, London: Routledge, 1993, p. 32.

Vergil, Aeneid, in Cosmos and Imperium, (Oxford University Press, 1986), 7:543.

Sallust, Jogurthine War, (London: Loeb, 1961), 14:2; 83.

Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars, (trs. V. O. Gorenstein, & M. M. Pokrovsky, Moscow: Ladomir, 1981), 1:3, 11, 35.

John North, "The development of Roman imperialism," Journal of Roman Studies, 71: (1981), p. 2.

al-Tabari, The History of al-Tabari

EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, "Harsha"

Story, J. Charlemagne: Empire and Society, Manchester University Press, 2005, p. 193.

EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, "Phillip IV".

EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, "Spain under the Habsburgs".

EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, "Colbert, Jean-Baptiste Â§ Financial and economic affairs".

Black, J., Great Powers and the Quest for Hegemony: The World Order Since 1500, Routledge, 2007, p. 76.

Mumford, A., Proxy Warfare, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, pp. 46â51.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Hegemony Wikipedia page

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This document has been generated by an Artificial Intelligence, synthesizing information from publicly available data. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the source material, it is intended for educational and informational purposes only.

This is not professional political, economic, or historical advice. The content presented should not substitute for rigorous academic research, consultation with subject matter experts, or critical analysis of primary sources. The complexities of hegemony involve nuanced interpretations and ongoing scholarly debate that may not be fully captured here.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any interpretations, omissions, or actions taken based on the information provided. Always consult authoritative academic resources and scholarly consensus for comprehensive understanding.

The Architecture of Dominance

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Defining Hegemony ⚖️

🌍 Predominant Influence

🏛️ Historical Context

🤝 Consent and Control

Etymological Roots 📜

🇬🇷 Greek Origins

🗣️ Language and Power

Hegemony in Political Science 🧠

💡 Gramsci's Cultural Hegemony

⚖️ Consent vs. Coercion

🌐 Societal Structures

Hegemony in International Relations 🗺️

⭐ Shaping the Global Order

🏛️ Hegemonic Stability Theory

📉 Decline and Transition

Historical Manifestations ⏳

🏺 Ancient World

👑 Medieval and Early Modern Eras

🇺🇸 Modern Hegemony

Media and Cultural Influence 📺

📰 Media as a Hegemonic Tool

🗣️ Language and Imperialism

Illustrative Examples 📊

⚔️ Ancient Greek Hegemonies

🇬🇧 The British Empire

🇺🇸 Post-Cold War Unipolarity

Comparative Military Spending 💰

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📜 Important Considerations

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Defining Hegemony

Predominant Influence

Historical Context

Consent and Control

Etymological Roots

Greek Origins

Language and Power

Hegemony in Political Science

Gramsci's Cultural Hegemony

Consent vs. Coercion

Societal Structures

Hegemony in International Relations

Shaping the Global Order

Hegemonic Stability Theory

Decline and Transition

Historical Manifestations

Ancient World

Medieval and Early Modern Eras

Modern Hegemony

Media and Cultural Influence

Media as a Hegemonic Tool

Language and Imperialism

Illustrative Examples

Ancient Greek Hegemonies

The British Empire

Post-Cold War Unipolarity

Comparative Military Spending

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Considerations