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Hokitika: West Coast's Coastal Gem

Discover the history, natural beauty, and vibrant culture of this unique New Zealand town.

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Overview

Location

Hokitika is a town situated in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. It lies approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) south of Greymouth, near the mouth of the Hokitika River. As the largest town and administrative seat of the Westland District, it serves as a key hub for the region.

Natural Views

On clear days, the majestic Aoraki / Mount Cook is visible from Hokitika's main street, offering a stunning backdrop of the Southern Alps. The town's proximity to natural wonders like the Hokitika Gorge further enhances its appeal.

Population

As of June 2024, Hokitika has an estimated population of 3,350 residents. The town's urban area covers 11.78 square kilometers (4.55 sq mi), resulting in a population density of approximately 284 people per square kilometer.

Toponymy

Meaning of the Name

The name "Hokitika" originates from the Mฤori language, translating to "to return directly." According to historical accounts, the name derives from an incident involving Ngฤi Tahu warriors who were returning home after a failed expedition. The leader drowned while crossing the Hokitika River, leading the leaderless group to return directly to their own territory.

Historical Significance

Gold Rush Era

Hokitika's foundation in 1864 was driven by the discovery of gold, quickly becoming a central hub for the West Coast gold rush. By late 1866, it had rapidly grown into one of New Zealand's most populous centers. The port was exceptionally busy, with the value of exports, primarily gold, making Hokitika a key economic player.

Provincial Capital

In 1873, Hokitika briefly served as the capital of the Westland Province, a political entity that lasted until the abolition of provinces in 1876. This period marked a significant, albeit short-lived, era of regional importance for the town.

The Stanley Graham Incident

In October 1941, Hokitika was the site of a tragic event involving farmer Stanley Graham, who went on a shooting rampage, killing seven people. The subsequent manhunt, the largest in New Zealand's history, involved extensive police and army personnel, culminating in Graham's fatal wounding after 12 days.

Geographical Context

Location and Landscape

Hokitika is strategically located near the mouth of the Hokitika River on the West Coast of the South Island. Its position offers unique geographical features, including views of the Southern Alps, particularly Aoraki / Mount Cook on clear days. The surrounding landscape is characterized by rivers, coastline, and proximity to the region's renowned natural attractions.

Climate Data

Weather Patterns

Hokitika experiences an oceanic climate, marked by mild summers, cool winters, and consistent rainfall throughout the year. It is recognized as one of New Zealand's wettest locations, receiving over 2,800 mm (110 inches) of rain annually. The data below provides specific climate details for the Hokitika Airport area.

Climate Data for Hokitika Airport (1991โ€“2020)
Month JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record High ยฐC (ยฐF) 29.7
(85.5)
28.4
(83.1)
26.7
(80.1)
24.5
(76.1)
26.7
(80.1)
18.6
(65.5)
18.8
(65.8)
19.8
(67.6)
22.8
(73.0)
24.0
(75.2)
27.4
(81.3)
27.1
(80.8)
29.7
(85.5)
Mean Max ยฐC (ยฐF) 19.5
(67.1)
19.9
(67.8)
18.8
(65.8)
16.6
(61.9)
14.6
(58.3)
12.5
(54.5)
12.0
(53.6)
12.6
(54.7)
13.9
(57.0)
14.9
(58.8)
16.3
(61.3)
18.2
(64.8)
15.8
(60.4)
Daily Mean ยฐC (ยฐF) 15.8
(60.4)
16.0
(60.8)
14.7
(58.5)
12.6
(54.7)
10.6
(51.1)
8.4
(47.1)
7.6
(45.7)
8.4
(47.1)
9.9
(49.8)
11.2
(52.2)
12.6
(54.7)
14.5
(58.1)
11.9
(53.4)
Mean Min ยฐC (ยฐF) 12.0
(53.6)
12.1
(53.8)
10.6
(51.1)
8.6
(47.5)
6.5
(43.7)
4.2
(39.6)
3.1
(37.6)
4.2
(39.6)
5.9
(42.6)
7.5
(45.5)
8.8
(47.8)
10.9
(51.6)
7.9
(46.2)
Record Low ยฐC (ยฐF) 4.7
(40.5)
3.5
(38.3)
-0.4
(31.3)
-0.7
(30.7)
-2.2
(28.0)
-3.2
(26.2)
-4
(25)
-2.9
(26.8)
-2.1
(28.2)
-1.3
(29.7)
-0.6
(30.9)
2.9
(37.2)
-4
(25)
Avg Rainfall mm (in) 257.4
(10.13)
191.7
(7.55)
213.4
(8.40)
244.9
(9.64)
252.8
(9.95)
261.2
(10.28)
228.0
(8.98)
246.9
(9.72)
244.7
(9.63)
284.8
(11.21)
222.9
(8.78)
272.1
(10.71)
2,920.8
(114.98)
Avg Rainy Days (โ‰ฅ 1.0 mm) 12.410.812.113.115.014.814.115.316.917.714.515.7172.4
Avg Relative Humidity (%) 83.887.287.185.387.887.485.485.281.784.180.982.984.9
Mean Sunshine Hours 214.3193.6177.5142.6116.2103.6126.0139.6144.9166.1187.7197.51,909.6
Source: NIWA Climate Data, CliFlo

Hokitika Gorge

Turquoise Waters

The nearby Hokitika Gorge is a celebrated natural attraction, renowned for its striking turquoise-blue water. This vibrant color is a result of glacial milk, fine rock particles suspended in the water from glacial melt. A popular short walking track leads to a swing bridge that offers spectacular views of the gorge.

Demographic Profile

Population Trends

Hokitika's population has seen fluctuations, with a slight decline noted in recent census periods. However, the broader Westland District is experiencing growth from "lifestyle inhabitants." The town's population is aging, with a median age of 47.5 years, significantly higher than the national median.

Historical Population Year Pop. ยฑ% p.a. 20063,078โ€” 20132,967-0.52% 20182,892-0.51% Source: 2018 Census

Key Demographics (2018 Census):

  • Age: Median age 47.5 years (National: 37.4). 15.9% under 15, 16.4% aged 15-29, 44.2% aged 30-64, 23.8% aged 65+.
  • Ethnicity: 86.4% European/Pฤkehฤ, 20.1% Mฤori, 1.7% Pasifika, 4.9% Asian.
  • Qualifications: 13.6% held bachelor's or higher degrees; 26.9% had no formal qualifications.
  • Income: Median income $27,300 (National: $31,800).
  • Employment: 47.1% employed full-time, 16.8% part-time.

Economy and Industry

Historical Industries

Historically, Hokitika's economy was driven by key industries such as gold mining, coal, forestry, and the processing of greenstone (pounamu). While these sectors have diminished over the past century, they laid the foundation for the town's development.

Modern Economy

Today, Hokitika benefits from a growing ecotourism sector, making it a popular stop for visitors exploring the West Coast. The carving of pounamu remains an important local industry. Dairying is also significant, with Westland Milk Products, a major dairy processor, headquartered in the town.

Mฤori Heritage

Arahura Marae

Arahura Marae, located near Hokitika, is a significant tribal meeting ground for Ngฤi Tahu and its Te Rลซnanga o Ngฤti Waewae branch. The marae features the Tลซhuru wharenui (meeting house). In 2020, the New Zealand government allocated funding for marae upgrades, supporting local job creation.

Transportation Network

Road and Rail

State Highway 6 passes directly through Hokitika, connecting it to other West Coast destinations. The town was historically served by the Hokitika Branch railway line, which operated from 1893 until recent decades. Passenger services ceased in the 1970s, with the line now primarily handling freight, notably from Westland Milk Products.

Air Travel

Hokitika Airport is located adjacent to the town. Air New Zealand operates regular flights connecting Hokitika to Christchurch. The town was also the base for Air Travel, New Zealand's first airline, which began scheduled flights in December 1934, serving remote areas of the West Coast.

Educational Institutions

Local Schools

Hokitika is served by several educational facilities catering to different age groups. These include:

  • Westland High School: Serves years 7โ€“13 with a roll of approximately 380 students.
  • Hokitika School: A contributing primary school for years 1โ€“6, with around 196 students.
  • St Mary's School: A full primary school (years 1โ€“8) with about 125 students, operating as a state-integrated Catholic school.

Notable Individuals

Figures from Hokitika

Hokitika has been home to or associated with various notable individuals across different fields:

  • Agnes Addison: Early Scottish businesswoman and draper.
  • Charles Button: Mayor, solicitor, judge, and Member of Parliament.
  • Stanley Graham: Central figure in a significant manhunt incident.
  • Richard Seddon: Prominent New Zealand politician and Premier.
  • Ebenezer Teichelmann: Surgeon, mountaineer, photographer, and conservationist.
  • Holly Robinson: International athlete (track and field).
  • Margaret & Mary Alcorn: Interior designers and business owners.
  • John Urquhart Cropp: Olympic yachtsman.
  • Edward St John Daniel: Victoria Cross recipient, buried in Hokitika.
  • Charlie Douglas: Explorer and surveyor.
  • Alice Eyton: Journalist and Hollywood screenwriter.
  • Bess Hudson: Early nurse.
  • Al Hunter: Musician and singer-songwriter.
  • John Lazar: Actor, town clerk, and Freemason.
  • Fayne Robinson: Mฤori carver.
  • John Rutherford Ryley: Introduced antiseptic techniques to New Zealand.

Notable Landmarks

Historic Architecture

Hokitika boasts several historically significant buildings and landmarks:

  • Hokitika Customhouse: Built in 1897, a Category I historic place and former port of entry.
  • Hokitika Clock Tower: A prominent town landmark constructed in 1902/03.
  • Hokitika Museum: Housed in the former Carnegie Library (built 1908).
  • Seaview Asylum: Founded in 1872, once the town's largest employer.
  • All Saints' Church: Notable for being an early unfaced concrete church.
  • St Andrew's United Church: A Gothic-style church built in 1935.
  • Renton Hardware building: Completed in 1908, a Category 2 historic place.
  • Government Buildings (Seddon House): Completed in 1913, a Category 1 historic place.
  • St Mary's Catholic Church: A Category 1 historic place.
  • Hokitika Savings Bank building: A Category 2 historic place.

Culture and Events

Festivals and Arts

Hokitika is known for its vibrant arts scene and community events. The annual Hokitika Wild Food Festival, running since 1990, celebrates local and unusual cuisine. The Driftwood and Sand Festival, held on Hokitika Beach each January, features sculptures created from beach debris.

Popular Culture

The town's unique character has inspired creative works. Eleanor Catton's Booker Prize-winning novel, The Luminaries, is set in and around Hokitika. Charlotte Randall's novel Hokitika Town and Rose Tremain's The Colour also feature the location. The 1999 film Magik and Rose was set in Hokitika.

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References

References

  1.  What is Truth, Newsletter รขย€ย“ Friends of the Cathedral, Number 71, September 2007, Cathedral House, Christchurch
  2.  https://www.backpackerguide.nz/23-unforgettable-walks-hokitika/ "Arguably the most scenic swingbridge in New Zealand!"
  3.  Education Counts: Westland High School
  4.  Education Counts: Hokitika School
  5.  Education Counts: St Mary's School
A full list of references for this article are available at the Hokitika Wikipedia page

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Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on publicly available data and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

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