Who are the Huli people, and what is their primary ethnic and geographical identity?

The Huli are identified as an indigenous Melanesian ethnic group. Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising the western Pacific Ocean's island countries and territories, including Papua New Guinea. The Huli primarily reside in the Hela Province of Papua New Guinea.

In which specific province of Papua New Guinea do the Huli people primarily reside?

The Huli people's primary homeland is located in Hela Province, which is part of Papua New Guinea. This province is the main region where the Huli community is situated.

What are the principal languages used by the Huli people in their daily communication and interactions?

The Huli people predominantly speak the Huli language. In addition to their native tongue, they commonly use Tok Pisin, a widely spoken English-based creole language in Papua New Guinea, for inter-group communication. Many Huli individuals are also proficient in some of the surrounding regional languages and possess knowledge of English.

What is the approximate total population of the Huli people, and how does this figure compare to the population of Hela Province based on the 2011 census?

The Huli population is estimated to be over 250,000 individuals. This figure is comparable to the total population of Hela Province, which was recorded as 249,449 in the 2011 national census, indicating that the Huli constitute the vast majority of the province's inhabitants.

Where is the traditional homeland of the Huli people situated in terms of geographical features and altitude?

The Huli people's traditional territory is located within the Tagari River basin. They also inhabit the slopes of the surrounding mountain ranges, typically residing at an altitude of approximately 1,600 meters (about 5,250 feet) above sea level.

Could you describe the climate conditions that the Huli people experience in their homeland?

The Huli people live in a tropical climate characterized by frequent rainfall, with rain occurring on about seven out of every ten days. Temperatures exhibit a significant diurnal range, varying from approximately eighty degrees Fahrenheit during the day to as low as forty-five degrees Fahrenheit at night. The region is also subject to occasional frosts, which can sometimes damage the Huli's cultivated gardens.

What are the key elements that constitute the Huli landscape, and how are they utilized?

The Huli landscape is diverse, featuring patches of primary forests, extensive reed-covered marshes, grasslands known as kunai, and areas of scrub brush. This natural terrain is interspersed with mounded gardens, which are characteristic of their agricultural practices. The landscape is also crisscrossed by rivers, small streams, and importantly, man-made ditches.

What are the multiple functions served by the man-made ditches found in the Huli landscape?

The man-made ditches within the Huli territory serve several crucial purposes. They function as drainage canals to manage water, act as boundary markers delineating land ownership or clan territories, provide walking paths for movement, and are strategically employed as defensive fortifications.

To what extent have the Huli people integrated or resisted the cultural influences of external settlers?

Unlike many other Highland peoples in Papua New Guinea, the Huli have largely maintained their cultural expressions. They have not significantly relinquished their traditional ways to the new and innovative customs introduced by colonizers and outsiders who began settling among them in 1951.

What is the estimated duration of the Huli people's presence in their current region?

There is strong evidence suggesting that the Huli people have inhabited their region for many thousands of years. Their long-standing presence is supported by their rich oral traditions.

What form do the Huli people's historical accounts typically take, and what do they often relate to?

The Huli people recount lengthy oral histories, which are a significant part of their cultural heritage. These narratives often focus on the deeds and lineages of individuals and their respective clans.

What were the primary motivations and destinations for the Huli people's historical travel patterns?

Historically, the Huli people were extensive travelers, primarily engaging in trade. Their journeys took them throughout the highlands and lowlands surrounding their homeland, with a particular emphasis on travel to the southern regions.

When did Europeans first become aware of the Huli people, and under what circumstances?

Europeans first became aware of the Huli people in November 1934. This initial contact was marked by a violent incident involving European adventurers.

What tragic event occurred during the initial European contact with the Huli in November 1934?

During the first documented European encounter with the Huli in November 1934, at least fifty Huli individuals lost their lives. This occurred during an interaction with the Fox brothers.

Who were the Fox brothers, and what was their objective during their encounter with the Huli?

The Fox brothers were two adventurers who were unsuccessfully searching for gold in the region. They encountered the Huli people shortly after parting ways with the more famous explorers Mick and Dan Leahy.

When did the process of outsiders settling among the Huli people begin?

Outsiders, including colonizers and other settlers, began to establish themselves among the Huli people starting in the year 1951.

Who are some of the notable Huli individuals mentioned in the provided text?

The provided text mentions three notable individuals associated with the Huli people: Mundiya Kepanga, James Marape, and Mashtag Brady.

What does the image of a "Huli wigman" represent in the context of Papua New Guinea?

The image depicts a Huli wigman, which is a traditional representation or figure associated with the Huli people of Papua New Guinea. These figures are often recognized for their distinctive appearance and cultural significance.

What historical period is associated with the Huli warrior's headdress described, and where is this artifact housed?

The source material describes a headdress worn by Huli men for battle, which was made between approximately 1918 and 1922. This particular artifact is part of the collection at The Children's Museum of Indianapolis.

What event is depicted in the photograph of Huli Wigmen visiting Cooktown, Australia in 2005?

The photograph shows Huli Wigmen participating in the Queensland Music Festival in Cooktown, Australia, during the year 2005. This indicates cultural exchange and representation beyond their home country.

What is the reported total population of the Huli people according to the infobox data?

According to the information presented in the infobox, the total population of the Huli people is stated to be over 250,000.

Which specific districts within the Southern Highlands Province are identified as having significant Huli populations?

Significant Huli populations are located in the Southern Highlands Province, specifically within the districts of Tari, Koroba, Margarima, and Komo.

Beyond their native Huli language and Tok Pisin, what other languages are commonly spoken by the Huli?

In addition to the Huli language and Tok Pisin, many Huli individuals also speak some of the surrounding regional languages. Furthermore, a portion of the Huli population is also proficient in English.

What are the main religious beliefs and practices observed by the Huli people?

The religious landscape of the Huli people includes traditional beliefs, which are indigenous spiritual practices, as well as Christianity. This indicates a blend of ancestral customs and introduced faiths.

How are the Huli people ethnically classified in relation to other indigenous groups in the region?

The Huli people are classified as indigenous Papuan peoples. They are specifically noted as being related to other Papuan groups found in both West Papua (part of Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea.

What is the significance of the "Authority control databases" entry for the Huli people?

The "Authority control databases" entry, specifically mentioning the Czech Republic, indicates that the Huli people have been cataloged within international library and archival systems. This helps in organizing and accessing information about them, suggesting they are a recognized ethnic group with documented cultural and historical data.

Can you name at least three indigenous ethnic groups from Indonesian Papua mentioned in the text?

Yes, the text mentions several indigenous ethnic groups from Indonesian Papua, including the Abun, Amung, Asmat, Bauzi, Biak, Dani, Ekari, Fayu, Kanum, Kombai, Korowai, Lani, Lepki, Marind, Mee, Mek, Moi, Momuna, Moni, Muyu, Nduga, Ngalum, Sawi, Tehit, Tobati, Wolani, Yali, Yapen, Yaur, and Yei (Indonesia).

Could you name at least three indigenous ethnic groups from Papua New Guinea, besides the Huli, that are listed in the provided text?

Yes, the text lists numerous indigenous ethnic groups from Papua New Guinea, including the Abelam, Angu, Baining, Baruya, Bilibil, Chambri, Dumo, Etoro, Fore, Gadsup, Gogodala, Hewa, Iatmul, Kaluli, Kwoma, Maisin, Mian, Mundugumor, Ngalum, Ogea, Orokaiva, Sambia, Swagap, Tairora, Tanga, Telefol, Tolai, Trobriand, Tsembaga, Urapmin, Wiru, Wola, Wopkaimin, and Zia peoples.

What is the role of the Tagari River basin in the Huli people's traditional territory?

The Tagari River basin serves as a significant geographical area within the traditional territory of the Huli people. It is one of the primary locations where they reside, alongside the slopes of the surrounding mountain ranges.

How do the Huli people utilize their mounded gardens, and what environmental challenges do they face regarding them?

The Huli people utilize mounded gardens for their agriculture, which are a notable feature of their landscape. They face environmental challenges such as occasional frosts in their highland tropical climate, which can sometimes destroy these cultivated gardens.

What does the term "Haroli" refer to in relation to the Huli people?

The term "Haroli" is presented as an alternative name or a related term for the Huli people, appearing alongside "Huli" in the infobox title, suggesting it may be another name they are known by or a specific subgroup designation.

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The Huli People

Huli
Haroli
Total population
Over 250,000^[1]
Regions with significant populations
Southern Highlands districts of Tari, Koroba, Margaraima and Komo, Papua New Guinea.
Languages
Huli language, Tok Pisin, English
Religion
Traditional beliefs, Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Indigenous Papuan peoples of West Papua and Papua New Guinea, other

An Indigenous Melanesian Group

The Huli are an indigenous Melanesian ethnic group who reside in Hela Province of Papua New Guinea. They speak primarily Huli and Tok Pisin; many also converse in surrounding languages, and some possess proficiency in English. As one of Papua New Guinea's most significant cultural demographics, their population exceeds 250,000 individuals, based on the 2011 national census data for Hela Province.^[1]

Lifestyle and Environment

Highland Dwellings

The Huli people inhabit the Tagari River basin and the slopes of the adjacent mountain ranges, typically at altitudes around 1,600 meters above sea level. Their environment is characterized by a tropical climate with frequent rainfall, experiencing temperatures that fluctuate between approximately 27°C (80°F) during the day and 7°C (45°F) at night. Occasional frosts can occur, sometimes impacting their meticulously maintained mounded gardens.

Landscape Features

The Huli landscape is a mosaic of primary forests, expansive reed-covered marshes, rolling kunai grasslands, and scrub brush. This terrain is intricately traversed by rivers, small streams, and a network of man-made ditches. These canals serve multiple purposes, functioning as drainage systems, boundary markers, pathways for movement, and even defensive fortifications.

Historical Context

Rich Oral Traditions

The Huli possess a profound awareness of their history and folklore, evident in their detailed knowledge of family genealogies and ancestral traditions. Notably, unlike many other Highland groups, they have demonstrated remarkable resilience in preserving their cultural expressions against the influence of colonizers and external settlers who began arriving in 1951.

Ancient Roots and First Contact

Evidence suggests the Huli have inhabited their region for millennia, recounting extensive oral histories that chronicle individuals and clan lineages. They were historically active travelers, primarily engaging in trade across the highlands and lowlands surrounding their homeland, particularly to the south. European contact was limited until November 1934, when at least fifty Huli individuals were reportedly killed during an unsuccessful gold-seeking expedition by the Fox brothers, who had recently separated from the more renowned explorers Mick and Dan Leahy.^[2]

Notable Figures

Individuals of Note

The Huli community includes individuals who have achieved prominence in various fields:

Mundiya Kepanga
James Marape
Mashtag Brady

References

Source Material

The following sources were consulted in the creation of this document:

^a ^b Papua New Guinea National Statistical Office (2014). "Papua New Guinea National Population and Housing Census 2011: Final figures". Port Moresby PNG.
^ Ballard, Chris (2003). "La Fabrique de l'histoire". In Isabelle Merle and Michel Naepels (Eds.), Les Rivages du temps: Histoire et anthropologie du Pacifique (pp. 111-34). L'Harmattan.
^ Cazaudehore, Sébastien (2021). La tourmente du Serpent. Editions Vega. ISBN 978-2381350097.

Additional sources referenced in the original text include:

Allen, M.R. (1967) Male Cults and Secret Initiations in Melanesia. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Frankel, S. (1980) "I am a Dying Man: Pathology of Pollution," Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 4, pp. 95–117.
Glasse, R. (1974) "Masks of Venery: Symbols of Sex Antagonism in the Papua New Guinea Highlands," Homme 14:2, pp. 79–86; 1968; The Huli of Papua, Mouton and Company, Paris.
Hage, P. and F. Harary. (1981) "Pollution Beliefs in Highland New Guinea," Man 16, pp. 367–375.
Lomas, G.C.J. (1998). "The Huli People of Papua New Guinea: A study in sociolinguistic change". Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2006.
Meshanko, R. (1985) The Gospel Amongst the Huli, Master's Dissertation, Washington Theological Union, Washington, DC.
Teske, G. (1978) "Christianizing the Sangai," Point 2, pp. 71–102.

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References

"Papua New Guinea National Population and Housing Census 2011: Final figures", Port Moresby PNG National Statistical Office 2014

A full list of references for this article are available at the Huli people Wikipedia page

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Huli Heritage

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

The Huli People 👤

🌍 An Indigenous Melanesian Group

Lifestyle and Environment 🏡

🏞️ Highland Dwellings

🌳 Landscape Features

Historical Context 📜

🗣️ Rich Oral Traditions

🧭 Ancient Roots and First Contact

Notable Figures ⭐

👥 Individuals of Note

References 📚

🔗 Source Material

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

The Huli People

An Indigenous Melanesian Group

Lifestyle and Environment

Highland Dwellings

Landscape Features

Historical Context

Rich Oral Traditions

Ancient Roots and First Contact

Notable Figures

Individuals of Note

References

Source Material

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice