Who was Jan Kiliński and what were his primary roles?

Jan Kiliński was a Polish soldier and a prominent commander during the Kościuszko Uprising. He was also a shoemaker by trade who led the Warsaw Uprising in 1794 against the Russian garrison in Warsaw and served as a member of the Polish provisional government.

When and where was Jan Kiliński born?

Jan Kiliński was born in 1760 in Trzemeszno, a town located within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at that time.

When and where did Jan Kiliński die?

Jan Kiliński died on January 28, 1819, in Warsaw, which was then part of Congress Poland. He was 59 years old at the time of his death.

What was Jan Kiliński's main civilian profession?

Jan Kiliński's main civilian profession was shoemaking. He achieved the status of a shoemaking master in Warsaw in 1788.

In which major Polish uprising did Jan Kiliński play a significant command role?

Jan Kiliński played a significant command role in the Kościuszko Uprising, particularly leading the Warsaw Uprising in 1794.

What specific action did Jan Kiliński undertake during the Warsaw Uprising of 1794?

During the Warsaw Uprising of 1794, Jan Kiliński formed a unit of the National Militia and led his forces, alongside the regular army, against the Russian occupation forces in Warsaw.

What important political act did Jan Kiliński sign on April 19, 1794?

On April 19, 1794, following the withdrawal of Russian troops, Jan Kiliński signed the Access of the city of Warsaw to the Kościuszko's Uprising, formally aligning the city with the rebellion.

What temporary governing body did Jan Kiliński become a part of?

After signing Warsaw's accession to the uprising, Jan Kiliński became a member of the Provisional Temporary Council, which acted as the temporary ruling body for the city.

What happened to the Provisional Temporary Council, and how did Kiliński adapt?

The Provisional Temporary Council was soon disbanded and transferred its authority to Tadeusz Kościuszko. Following this, Jan Kiliński shifted his focus to strengthening his own militia forces.

How large did Jan Kiliński's militia forces grow?

Jan Kiliński's militia forces expanded significantly, eventually comprising over 20,000 armed men.

When were Kiliński's militia forces deployed to the front lines?

On June 28, 1794, Jan Kiliński's militia forces were dispatched to the front lines with the objective of joining the regular Polish Army.

What military rank did Tadeusz Kościuszko bestow upon Jan Kiliński?

Tadeusz Kościuszko promoted Jan Kiliński to the rank of Colonel on July 2, 1794.

What consequences did Jan Kiliński face after the failure of the Kościuszko Uprising?

After the uprising failed, Jan Kiliński was arrested by Prussian authorities and then handed over to the Russians, who imprisoned him in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.

When was Jan Kiliński released from his initial imprisonment?

Jan Kiliński was released in 1796.

Where did Jan Kiliński live briefly after his release in 1796?

Following his release in 1796, Jan Kiliński resided in Vilna for a short period.

What led to Jan Kiliński's second arrest and resettlement?

Jan Kiliński was arrested again for engaging in conspiracy against the Tsarist authorities, which resulted in his forced resettlement in Russia.

Where did Jan Kiliński settle after his period of forced resettlement?

After returning from his forced resettlement, Jan Kiliński established his residence in Warsaw.

When were Jan Kiliński's memoirs published?

Jan Kiliński's memoirs were published after his death. The first volume was released in 1830, and the second volume followed in 1899.

Is there a park named after Jan Kiliński, and if so, where?

Yes, Kiliński Park, located in Lwów, is named in honor of Jan Kiliński.

What does the primary image in the infobox depict?

The primary image within the infobox is a depiction identified as Jan Kiliński.

What information is provided by the caption accompanying the figure of the monument?

The caption accompanying the figure describes the Jan Kiliński Monument in Warsaw and identifies Stanisław Jackowski as its sculptor.

What was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a large federal state in Central and Eastern Europe, formed in 1569 through the Union of Lublin. It was characterized by its elective monarchy and noble democracy until its dissolution in the late 18th century.

What was Congress Poland?

Congress Poland, also known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a state established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Although it had a degree of autonomy, it was effectively under the political control of the Russian Empire.

What does the term "shoemaking master" signify?

The term "shoemaking master" indicates that Jan Kiliński had achieved a high level of expertise and recognition in his craft, likely operating his own workshop and possibly training others, signifying a respected position within his trade.

What does the term "burgher" imply about Jan Kiliński's social standing?

The term "burgher" refers to a member of the middle class in a town or city, often a merchant or artisan. Kiliński being described as a prominent burgher suggests he held a respected and influential position within Warsaw's urban society.

What was the significance of the Warsaw Uprising of 1794 within the larger conflict?

The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 was a critical event during the Kościuszko Uprising where Polish insurgents successfully expelled the Russian garrison from Warsaw, demonstrating significant popular resistance against foreign occupation.

What was the relationship between Tadeusz Kościuszko and Jan Kiliński?

Tadeusz Kościuszko was the leader of the Kościuszko Uprising. He received authority from the Provisional Temporary Council, promoted Kiliński to Colonel, and Kiliński's forces were intended to join Kościuszko's regular army.

What does the listing of Jan Kiliński in various authority control databases signify?

His listing in databases such as ISNI, VIAF, GND, FAST, WorldCat, the US Library of Congress, and national libraries signifies that Jan Kiliński is recognized as a historically significant figure whose identity and related information are cataloged and standardized across various information systems.

What was the role of the National Militia during the uprising?

The National Militia was a force composed of citizens. Jan Kiliński formed and led a unit from this militia during the Warsaw Uprising of 1794, highlighting the popular participation in the resistance.

What does the phrase "Access of the city of Warsaw to the Kościuszko's Uprising" mean?

This phrase denotes the formal act by which the city of Warsaw officially joined and declared its support for the Kościuszko Uprising, signifying an expansion of the rebellion's scope and legitimacy.

What was the function of the Provisional Temporary Council?

The Provisional Temporary Council served as a temporary governing body for the city of Warsaw during the uprising, responsible for managing the city's affairs amidst the conflict.

How did Kiliński's militias differ from the "regular army"?

The "regular army" refers to the established, professional military force of a state. Kiliński's militias, in contrast, were primarily composed of citizen-soldiers or volunteers, often less formally trained but vital for popular uprisings.

What does the mention of "Prussian authorities" and "Russian authorities" reveal about the historical context?

The involvement of both Prussian and Russian authorities indicates their significant influence and roles in the region during that period. Their actions, such as arresting and transferring individuals, reflect the complex geopolitical landscape and the partitions of Poland.

What is the significance of Kiliński's promotion to Colonel?

The promotion to Colonel marked a significant increase in Jan Kiliński's military rank and responsibility, acknowledging his leadership capabilities and contributions during the uprising and placing him in a command position within the rebellion's structure.

What does the term "Tsarist authorities" refer to?

Tsarist authorities refers to the government and administrative bodies of the Russian Empire during the rule of a Tsar, who was the autocratic emperor.

What does the phrase "forcibly resettled" imply about Kiliński's experience?

The phrase "forcibly resettled" implies that Jan Kiliński was compelled by the Russian authorities to relocate to a different area against his will, likely as a measure of control or punishment.

What might the burial in a crypt at Powązki Cemetery Church suggest about Kiliński?

Burial in a crypt often signifies a degree of honor or importance, and Powązki Cemetery is a historic site in Warsaw. This suggests Kiliński was considered a notable figure, possibly honored for his role in Polish history.

What does the mention of Wikimedia Commons imply about available resources on Jan Kiliński?

The mention of Wikimedia Commons having media related to Jan Kiliński suggests that visual materials, such as images and documents pertaining to his life and historical significance, are accessible online.

What is the purpose of authority control databases like ISNI and VIAF?

Authority control databases help standardize and uniquely identify entities like people, places, and subjects. Listing Kiliński in these databases ensures consistency in cataloging his information across different libraries and archives, aiding researchers.

What does the military rank of "Colonel" typically entail?

Colonel is a senior officer rank in many armed forces, usually commanding a regiment or battalion. It signifies a substantial level of leadership and authority within the military structure.

What is meant by a "garrison" in the context of the Warsaw Uprising?

A "garrison" refers to the troops stationed in a specific location, such as a city or fortress, for its defense. In this context, it refers to the Russian soldiers stationed in Warsaw that Kiliński's forces fought against.

How is the term "insurgent" applicable to Jan Kiliński?

The term "insurgent" applies to Jan Kiliński because he was a leader who rose in revolt against established authority, specifically fighting against the occupying powers during the Kościuszko Uprising.

What was the geopolitical context of Jan Kiliński's life, particularly concerning the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?

Jan Kiliński was born into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a large state in Eastern Europe. His involvement in the Kościuszko Uprising occurred during a period when this Commonwealth was facing external pressures and eventual partitions by neighboring powers like Russia and Prussia.

What does Kiliński's election to the city council three times suggest about his standing in Warsaw before the uprising?

Kiliński's repeated election to the city council between 1791 and 1793 indicates that he was a respected and influential figure among Warsaw's burghers, holding a position of civic responsibility prior to his military leadership during the uprising.

What does the text imply about the nature of the Warsaw Uprising of 1794?

The text implies that the Warsaw Uprising of 1794 was a significant popular revolt, led by figures like Kiliński who formed militias and engaged directly with occupying forces, demonstrating a strong local resistance effort.

What does the posthumous publication of Kiliński's memoirs suggest about their creation?

The posthumous publication of his memoirs suggests that Jan Kiliński likely wrote them during his lifetime, possibly reflecting on his experiences, but they were only made public after his death.

What does the mention of Kiliński's imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress indicate?

Imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress, a known political prison in St. Petersburg, indicates that the Russian authorities viewed Kiliński as a significant political prisoner, likely due to his leadership role in the Polish uprising.

What does the term "voivodeship" refer to in the context of Kiliński's birthplace?

A "voivodeship" was an administrative division in Poland and Lithuania, similar to a province or region, headed by a governor (voivode). Kiliński's birthplace, Trzemeszno, was located within such a region in Greater Poland.

What does the reference to "conspiracy against the Tsarist authorities" suggest about Kiliński's later life?

This reference suggests that even after his initial imprisonment and resettlement, Kiliński remained politically active or was perceived by the Russian government as a threat, leading to further punitive actions like forced relocation.

What is the overall historical significance attributed to Jan Kiliński based on the text?

Jan Kiliński is historically significant as a Polish soldier and a key commander in the Kościuszko Uprising, notably leading the Warsaw Uprising of 1794 against Russian occupation and serving in the city's provisional government.

What does the inclusion of authority control links like "BnF data" and "deutsche-biographie.de" imply about the documentation of Jan Kiliński's life?

These links indicate that Jan Kiliński's life and contributions have been documented and recognized by major national institutions in France (BnF) and Germany (Deutsche Biographie), suggesting a level of international historical scholarship concerning him.

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Biography

Origins and Early Life

Jan Kiliński was born in 1760 in Trzemeszno, a town situated within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. His early life was shaped by the socio-political landscape of the late 18th century. In 1780, he relocated to Warsaw, the burgeoning capital, seeking greater opportunities.

Master Shoemaker and Civic Leader

Upon establishing himself in Warsaw, Kiliński pursued the craft of shoemaking. By 1788, he had achieved the status of a master shoemaker. His diligence and standing within the community were recognized when he was elected as a member of the city council for three consecutive terms, from 1791 to 1793. This position underscored his influence among the city's burghers during a period of significant political transition.

The Warsaw Uprising of 1794

Mobilization and Command

During the Kościuszko Uprising, a national insurrection against the partitioning powers of Poland, Kiliński emerged as a key figure in Warsaw. He was instrumental in forming a unit of the National Militia, rallying citizens to defend the city. Kiliński led these forces, alongside elements of the regular army, in direct confrontation with the Russian garrison occupying Warsaw.

Political Involvement and Military Advancement

Following the successful expulsion of the Russian forces on April 19, 1794, Kiliński signed the official accession of Warsaw to the Kościuszko's Uprising. He subsequently joined the Provisional Temporary Council, serving as a member of the city's temporary governing body. Although the council was later dissolved, Kiliński continued his military efforts, focusing on strengthening his militias, which grew to over 20,000 men. His dedication and leadership were recognized by Tadeusz Kościuszko himself, who promoted Kiliński to the rank of Colonel on June 28, 1794.

Post-Uprising Life and Lasting Impact

Trials and Resettlement

The failure of the Kościuszko Uprising led to severe repercussions for its leaders. Kiliński was arrested by Prussian authorities and subsequently handed over to the Russian Empire. He endured imprisonment in the formidable Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. Upon his release in 1796, he resided briefly in Vilna before facing further arrest for alleged conspiracy against the Tsarist regime. This led to his forced resettlement within Russia.

After his eventual return, Kiliński settled once more in Warsaw. He passed away on January 28, 1819, at the age of 59. His final resting place is a crypt within the Church of Powązki Cemetery. His personal accounts and experiences were later compiled and published posthumously, with the first volume appearing in 1830 and a second volume in 1899, offering invaluable firsthand insights into the period.

Enduring Recognition

Kiliński's contributions and sacrifices were not forgotten. As a testament to his significance in Polish history, Kiliński Park in Lwów (modern-day Lviv, Ukraine) was named in his honor, preserving his memory for future generations.

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Jan Kiliński: The Artisan Commander of Warsaw's Defiance

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Biography 👞

🌍 Origins and Early Life

🛠️ Master Shoemaker and Civic Leader

The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 ⚔️

🛡️ Mobilization and Command

🏛️ Political Involvement and Military Advancement

Post-Uprising Life and Lasting Impact 📜

⛓️ Trials and Resettlement

🏆 Enduring Recognition

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Biography

Origins and Early Life

Master Shoemaker and Civic Leader

The Warsaw Uprising of 1794

Mobilization and Command

Political Involvement and Military Advancement

Post-Uprising Life and Lasting Impact

Trials and Resettlement

Enduring Recognition

Teacher's Corner

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References

Feedback & Support

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Important Notice