Javed Akhtar: A Luminary of Indian Cinema and Letters
An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted career and profound impact of India's celebrated screenwriter, lyricist, and poet.
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Who is Javed Akhtar?
A Polymathic Talent
Javed Akhtar, born on January 17, 1945, in Gwalior, British India, stands as a towering figure in Indian arts and public life. His illustrious career spans across screenwriting, lyricism, and poetry, establishing him as a polymath whose contributions have profoundly shaped Hindi cinema and contemporary Indian discourse.[1]
Architect of Cinematic Narratives
Akhtar gained initial prominence as one half of the iconic screenwriting duo, SalimโJaved. Their collaborative genius revolutionized Hindi cinema, particularly with the breakthrough film Zanjeer (1973). This partnership was instrumental in crafting narratives that resonated deeply with audiences, including the seminal works Deewaar and Sholay (both 1975), which achieved cult status and left an indelible mark on popular culture.[2]
Acclaimed Poet and Public Intellectual
Beyond his cinematic achievements, Akhtar is a critically acclaimed lyricist and poet, earning numerous accolades including five National Film Awards and eight Filmfare Awards for Best Lyricist. His literary prowess is further recognized by the Sahitya Akademi Award for his poetry collection Lava. A vocal political activist and former Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, he was honored with the Padma Shri (1999) and Padma Bhushan (2007), India's highest civilian honors, and the Richard Dawkins Award (2020) for his advocacy of secularism and human rights.[1][3][4]
Formative Years
A Legacy of Letters and Rebellion
Javed Akhtar's lineage is steeped in a rich intellectual and artistic tradition. His father, Jan Nisar Akhtar, was a distinguished songwriter in Hindi films and a celebrated Urdu poet.[5] This poetic heritage extends further back to his paternal grandfather, Muztar Khairabadi, also a renowned poet. Notably, his great-great-grandfather, Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi, was a prominent Islamic religious scholar who famously declared the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against Western colonial rule, underscoring a family history of both intellectual pursuit and principled defiance.[6]
Childhood and Education
Originally named Jadoo, a moniker derived from a line in one of his father's poemsโ"Lamha, lamha kisi jadoo ka fasana hoga" (Every moment will be a tale of some magic)โhe was officially given the name Javed due to its phonetic proximity to 'jadoo'. His early life and schooling were primarily in Lucknow, a city renowned for its cultural refinement. He later pursued his higher education, graduating from Saifiya College in Bhopal, further solidifying his academic foundation.[7][8]
Screenwriting Prowess
The Salim-Javed Phenomenon
In the 1970s, the concept of a dedicated screenwriter for story, screenplay, and dialogue, let alone receiving on-screen credit, was largely absent in Indian cinema. This paradigm shifted dramatically with the emergence of the SalimโJaved duo. Their initial opportunity came from actor Rajesh Khanna, who enlisted them for the film Haathi Mere Saathi (1971). Akhtar recounted how Khanna offered them both financial compensation and due credit if they could refine the original, unsatisfactory script, marking a pivotal moment in their careers.[9][10]
Crafting Blockbusters and Cult Classics
Following their initial success with Andaz (1971) and Haathi Mere Saathi (1971), SalimโJaved went on to script an impressive string of hits. Their filmography includes iconic titles such as Seeta Aur Geeta (1972), Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973), and the groundbreaking Zanjeer (1973), which established Amitabh Bachchan's "angry young man" persona. They continued their remarkable run with films like Deewaar (1975), Sholay (1975), Don (1978), and Mr. India (1987). Out of 24 films they penned, 20 achieved commercial success, solidifying their reputation as "the most successful scriptwriters of all-time" and the first to attain star status in Indian cinema.[11][12]
Independent Narrative Contributions
Despite their eventual separation in 1982 due to creative differences, the enduring quality of their work meant that some of their previously written scripts, such as Zamana and Mr. India, were later produced as successful films. Following the split, Javed Akhtar continued his screenwriting journey independently, contributing to films like Betaab (1983), Mashaal (1984), Meri Jung (1985), and Lakshya (2004). His solo screenwriting efforts further cemented his reputation as a master storyteller capable of crafting compelling narratives that resonated with diverse audiences.[13]
Life and Philosophy
Public Service and Advocacy
Javed Akhtar's influence extends beyond the realm of entertainment into public service and political activism. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, on November 16, 2009, serving until March 21, 2016.[14] He notably campaigned for the Communist Party of India (CPI) in the 2019 Indian general election, demonstrating his commitment to political engagement and social causes. His public discourse often reflects his dedication to secularism, reason, and human rights, for which he received the prestigious Richard Dawkins Award in 2020.[3]
Family and Artistic Lineage
Akhtar's personal life is intertwined with a rich artistic tapestry. He was married to Honey Irani from 1972 to 1985, with whom he has two children: Farhan Akhtar, a prominent film actor, producer, and director, and Zoya Akhtar, an acclaimed film writer, director, and producer.[15] This artistic legacy continues, with Javed collaborating with his children on successful films such as Dil Chahta Hai, Lakshya, Rock On!!, and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara. After his divorce from Honey Irani, he married Shabana Azmi, the daughter of the esteemed Urdu poet Kaifi Azmi, further deepening his connections to India's literary elite. His extended family includes other notable figures such as his uncle Asrar-ul-Haq "Majaz" (an Urdu poet), his uncle Ansar Harvani (an Indian independence movement member and MP), and his aunt Hamida Salim (an author, economist, and educator).[16][17]
Atheism and Cultural Identity
Despite his Islamic upbringing, Javed Akhtar openly identifies as an "equal opportunity atheist," expressing a stance against all faiths. He has consistently articulated this position publicly, stating, "Iโm an atheist, I have no religious beliefs. And I donโt believe in spirituality of some kind."[18] He raised his children, Farhan and Zoya, with similar secular values. However, he also acknowledges and embraces his identity as a "cultural Muslim," recognizing his deep connection to the rich heritage and civilization of Islam, which forms a significant part of his cultural background.[19][20]
Distinguished Honors
National and International Recognition
Javed Akhtar's profound impact on Indian culture and his unwavering commitment to intellectual discourse have been recognized with numerous prestigious awards. The Government of India bestowed upon him the civilian honor of Padma Shri in 1999, followed by the Padma Bhushan in 2007, acknowledging his exceptional contributions to the arts.[1] In the literary sphere, he received the Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu in 2013 for his acclaimed poetry collection Lava, marking India's second-highest literary honor.[21] His intellectual contributions were further recognized with an honorary doctorate (Doctor of Letters) from Jamia Hamdard University in 2019.[22] Internationally, he was awarded the Richard Dawkins Award in 2020 for his powerful advocacy of secularism, reason, and human rights, challenging superstition and intolerance through his diverse body of work.[3] In 2025, he is slated to receive the Lokmat Sur Jyotsna National Music Award - Legend Award for his significant contributions to Indian music.[23]
Cinematic Contributions
Screenwriting Milestones
Javed Akhtar's screenwriting career is marked by a prolific output of influential films. His collaboration with Salim Khan as "Salim-Javed" produced a remarkable body of work that defined an era of Hindi cinema. Post-1982, he continued to contribute significantly as an independent screenwriter, crafting compelling narratives that captivated audiences. These films often explored themes of social justice, personal struggle, and human resilience, reflecting his deep understanding of societal dynamics and individual psychology.
Lyricist Legacy
The Poetic Voice of Bollywood
Javed Akhtar's lyrical contributions to Hindi cinema are extensive and deeply cherished. His ability to weave profound emotions and vivid imagery into song lyrics has made him one of the most sought-after and respected lyricists in the industry. From romantic ballads to patriotic anthems, his words have graced countless film soundtracks, becoming an integral part of India's musical heritage. His work as a lyricist has earned him critical acclaim and numerous awards, reflecting his mastery of language and his sensitivity to the nuances of human experience.
Literary Works
Published Poetry Collections
As a poet, Javed Akhtar has enriched the world of Urdu literature with his evocative and insightful verse. His published collections are a testament to his profound command over language and his ability to articulate complex emotions and observations with elegance. These works have garnered critical acclaim and further solidified his standing as a significant literary figure.
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