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Javed Akhtar: A Luminary of Indian Cinema and Letters

An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted career and profound impact of India's celebrated screenwriter, lyricist, and poet.

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Who is Javed Akhtar?

A Polymathic Talent

Javed Akhtar, born on January 17, 1945, in Gwalior, British India, stands as a towering figure in Indian arts and public life. His illustrious career spans across screenwriting, lyricism, and poetry, establishing him as a polymath whose contributions have profoundly shaped Hindi cinema and contemporary Indian discourse.[1]

Architect of Cinematic Narratives

Akhtar gained initial prominence as one half of the iconic screenwriting duo, Salimโ€“Javed. Their collaborative genius revolutionized Hindi cinema, particularly with the breakthrough film Zanjeer (1973). This partnership was instrumental in crafting narratives that resonated deeply with audiences, including the seminal works Deewaar and Sholay (both 1975), which achieved cult status and left an indelible mark on popular culture.[2]

Acclaimed Poet and Public Intellectual

Beyond his cinematic achievements, Akhtar is a critically acclaimed lyricist and poet, earning numerous accolades including five National Film Awards and eight Filmfare Awards for Best Lyricist. His literary prowess is further recognized by the Sahitya Akademi Award for his poetry collection Lava. A vocal political activist and former Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, he was honored with the Padma Shri (1999) and Padma Bhushan (2007), India's highest civilian honors, and the Richard Dawkins Award (2020) for his advocacy of secularism and human rights.[1][3][4]

Formative Years

A Legacy of Letters and Rebellion

Javed Akhtar's lineage is steeped in a rich intellectual and artistic tradition. His father, Jan Nisar Akhtar, was a distinguished songwriter in Hindi films and a celebrated Urdu poet.[5] This poetic heritage extends further back to his paternal grandfather, Muztar Khairabadi, also a renowned poet. Notably, his great-great-grandfather, Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi, was a prominent Islamic religious scholar who famously declared the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against Western colonial rule, underscoring a family history of both intellectual pursuit and principled defiance.[6]

Childhood and Education

Originally named Jadoo, a moniker derived from a line in one of his father's poemsโ€”"Lamha, lamha kisi jadoo ka fasana hoga" (Every moment will be a tale of some magic)โ€”he was officially given the name Javed due to its phonetic proximity to 'jadoo'. His early life and schooling were primarily in Lucknow, a city renowned for its cultural refinement. He later pursued his higher education, graduating from Saifiya College in Bhopal, further solidifying his academic foundation.[7][8]

Screenwriting Prowess

The Salim-Javed Phenomenon

In the 1970s, the concept of a dedicated screenwriter for story, screenplay, and dialogue, let alone receiving on-screen credit, was largely absent in Indian cinema. This paradigm shifted dramatically with the emergence of the Salimโ€“Javed duo. Their initial opportunity came from actor Rajesh Khanna, who enlisted them for the film Haathi Mere Saathi (1971). Akhtar recounted how Khanna offered them both financial compensation and due credit if they could refine the original, unsatisfactory script, marking a pivotal moment in their careers.[9][10]

Crafting Blockbusters and Cult Classics

Following their initial success with Andaz (1971) and Haathi Mere Saathi (1971), Salimโ€“Javed went on to script an impressive string of hits. Their filmography includes iconic titles such as Seeta Aur Geeta (1972), Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973), and the groundbreaking Zanjeer (1973), which established Amitabh Bachchan's "angry young man" persona. They continued their remarkable run with films like Deewaar (1975), Sholay (1975), Don (1978), and Mr. India (1987). Out of 24 films they penned, 20 achieved commercial success, solidifying their reputation as "the most successful scriptwriters of all-time" and the first to attain star status in Indian cinema.[11][12]

Notable Films as Salim-Javed:

  • Andaz (1971)
  • Haathi Mere Saathi (1971)
  • Seeta Aur Geeta (1972)
  • Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973)
  • Zanjeer (1973)
  • Haath Ki Safai (1974)
  • Deewaar (1975)
  • Sholay (1975)
  • Chacha Bhatija (1977)
  • Trishul (1978)
  • Don (1978)
  • Dostana (1980)
  • Kranti (1981)
  • Shakti (1982)
  • Zamana (1985)
  • Mr. India (1987)

Independent Narrative Contributions

Despite their eventual separation in 1982 due to creative differences, the enduring quality of their work meant that some of their previously written scripts, such as Zamana and Mr. India, were later produced as successful films. Following the split, Javed Akhtar continued his screenwriting journey independently, contributing to films like Betaab (1983), Mashaal (1984), Meri Jung (1985), and Lakshya (2004). His solo screenwriting efforts further cemented his reputation as a master storyteller capable of crafting compelling narratives that resonated with diverse audiences.[13]

Life and Philosophy

Public Service and Advocacy

Javed Akhtar's influence extends beyond the realm of entertainment into public service and political activism. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, on November 16, 2009, serving until March 21, 2016.[14] He notably campaigned for the Communist Party of India (CPI) in the 2019 Indian general election, demonstrating his commitment to political engagement and social causes. His public discourse often reflects his dedication to secularism, reason, and human rights, for which he received the prestigious Richard Dawkins Award in 2020.[3]

Family and Artistic Lineage

Akhtar's personal life is intertwined with a rich artistic tapestry. He was married to Honey Irani from 1972 to 1985, with whom he has two children: Farhan Akhtar, a prominent film actor, producer, and director, and Zoya Akhtar, an acclaimed film writer, director, and producer.[15] This artistic legacy continues, with Javed collaborating with his children on successful films such as Dil Chahta Hai, Lakshya, Rock On!!, and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara. After his divorce from Honey Irani, he married Shabana Azmi, the daughter of the esteemed Urdu poet Kaifi Azmi, further deepening his connections to India's literary elite. His extended family includes other notable figures such as his uncle Asrar-ul-Haq "Majaz" (an Urdu poet), his uncle Ansar Harvani (an Indian independence movement member and MP), and his aunt Hamida Salim (an author, economist, and educator).[16][17]

Atheism and Cultural Identity

Despite his Islamic upbringing, Javed Akhtar openly identifies as an "equal opportunity atheist," expressing a stance against all faiths. He has consistently articulated this position publicly, stating, "Iโ€™m an atheist, I have no religious beliefs. And I donโ€™t believe in spirituality of some kind."[18] He raised his children, Farhan and Zoya, with similar secular values. However, he also acknowledges and embraces his identity as a "cultural Muslim," recognizing his deep connection to the rich heritage and civilization of Islam, which forms a significant part of his cultural background.[19][20]

Distinguished Honors

National and International Recognition

Javed Akhtar's profound impact on Indian culture and his unwavering commitment to intellectual discourse have been recognized with numerous prestigious awards. The Government of India bestowed upon him the civilian honor of Padma Shri in 1999, followed by the Padma Bhushan in 2007, acknowledging his exceptional contributions to the arts.[1] In the literary sphere, he received the Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu in 2013 for his acclaimed poetry collection Lava, marking India's second-highest literary honor.[21] His intellectual contributions were further recognized with an honorary doctorate (Doctor of Letters) from Jamia Hamdard University in 2019.[22] Internationally, he was awarded the Richard Dawkins Award in 2020 for his powerful advocacy of secularism, reason, and human rights, challenging superstition and intolerance through his diverse body of work.[3] In 2025, he is slated to receive the Lokmat Sur Jyotsna National Music Award - Legend Award for his significant contributions to Indian music.[23]

National Film Awards for Best Lyrics:

Year Outcome Work
1996 Won Saaz
1997 Won Border
1998 Won Godmother
2000 Won Refugee
2001 Won Lagaan

Filmfare Awards:

Year Category Outcome Work
1995 Best Lyricist Won "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha" from 1942: A Love Story
1997 Best Lyricist Won "Ghar Se Nikalte" from Papa Kehte Hai
1989 Best Lyricist Nominated "Ek Do Teen" from Tezaab
1990 Best Dialogue Won Main Azaad Hoon
1998 Best Lyricist Won "Sandese Aate Hai" from Border
1998 Best Lyricist Nominated "Chand Taare" from Yes Boss
1999 Best Lyricist Nominated "Mere Mehboob Mere Sanam" from Duplicate
1984 Best Story Nominated Betaab
1985 Best Story Nominated Mashaal
1986 Best Story Nominated Arjun
2001 Best Lyricist Won "Panchchi Nadiyaan" from Refugee
2002 Best Lyricist Won "Radha Kaise Naa Jale" from Lagaan
2002 Best Lyricist Nominated "Mitwa" from Lagaan

Mirchi Music Awards:

Year Category Outcome Work
2011 Album of The Year Nominated Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
2011 Lyricist of The Year Won "Khwabon Ke Parindey" from Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
2011 Lyricist of The Year Nominated "Senorita" from Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
2012 Lyricist of The Year Won "Jee Le Zara" from Talaash
2014 Lifetime Achievement Award Won -
2015 Album of The Year Nominated Dil Dhadakne Do
2015 Lyricist of The Year Nominated "Phir Bhi Yeh Zindagi" from Dil Dhadakne Do

Cinematic Contributions

Screenwriting Milestones

Javed Akhtar's screenwriting career is marked by a prolific output of influential films. His collaboration with Salim Khan as "Salim-Javed" produced a remarkable body of work that defined an era of Hindi cinema. Post-1982, he continued to contribute significantly as an independent screenwriter, crafting compelling narratives that captivated audiences. These films often explored themes of social justice, personal struggle, and human resilience, reflecting his deep understanding of societal dynamics and individual psychology.

Films as "Salim-Javed":

Year Film Language Director
1971AndazHindiRamesh Sippy
1971AdhikarHindiS.M. Sagar
1971Haathi Mere SaathiHindiM. A. Thirumugham
1972Seeta Aur GeetaHindiRamesh Sippy
1973Yaadon Ki BaaraatHindiNasir Hussain
1973ZanjeerHindiPrakash Mehra
1974MajboorHindiRavi Tandon
1974Haath Ki SafaiHindiPrakash Mehra
1975DeewaarHindiYash Chopra
1975SholayHindiRamesh Sippy
1975Aakhri DaoHindiA. Salaam
1976Premada KanikeKannadaV. Somashekhar
1976Raja Nanna RajaKannadaA. V. Seshagiri Rao
1977Immaan DharamHindiDesh Mukherjee
1977Chacha BhatijaHindiManmohan Desai
1978TrishulHindiYash Chopra
1978DonHindiChandra Barot
1979Kaala PattharHindiYash Chopra
1980DostanaHindiRaj Khosla
1980ShaanHindiRamesh Sippy
1981 Kranti Hindi Manoj Kumar
1982 Shakti Hindi Ramesh Sippy
1985 Zamana Hindi Ramesh Talwar
1987 Mr. India Hindi Shekhar Kapur

Films as "Javed Akhtar" (Screenwriter):

Year Film Language Director
1983BetaabHindiRahul Rawail
1984DuniyaHindiRamesh Talwar
1984MashaalHindiYash Chopra
1985SaagarHindiRamesh Sippy
1985ArjunHindiRahul Rawail
1985Meri JungHindiSubhash Ghai
1987DacaitHindiRahul Rawail
1989Main Azaad HoonHindiTinnu Anand
1992KhelHindiRakesh Roshan
1993Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka RajaHindiSatish Kaushik
1995PremHindiSatish Kaushik
1998Kabhi Na KabhiHindiPriyadarshan
2004LakshyaHindiFarhan Akhtar
2006Don: The Chase Begins AgainHindiFarhan Akhtar

Lyricist Legacy

The Poetic Voice of Bollywood

Javed Akhtar's lyrical contributions to Hindi cinema are extensive and deeply cherished. His ability to weave profound emotions and vivid imagery into song lyrics has made him one of the most sought-after and respected lyricists in the industry. From romantic ballads to patriotic anthems, his words have graced countless film soundtracks, becoming an integral part of India's musical heritage. His work as a lyricist has earned him critical acclaim and numerous awards, reflecting his mastery of language and his sensitivity to the nuances of human experience.

Selected Films as Lyricist:

  • Silsila (1981)
  • Saath-Saath (1982)
  • Duniya (1984)
  • Mashaal (1984)
  • Saagar (1985)
  • Arjun (1985)
  • Mr. India (1987)
  • Tezaab (1988)
  • Jaadugar (1989)
  • Joshilaay (1989)
  • Mil Gayee Manzil Mujhe (1989)
  • Sailaab (1990)
  • Jamai Raja (1990)
  • Hafta Bandh (1991)
  • Narsimha (1991)
  • Khel (1992)
  • Drohi (1992)
  • Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja (1993)
  • Yugandhar (1993)
  • Gardish (1993)
  • 1942: A Love Story (1994)
  • Papa Kehte Hai (1996)
  • Dastak (1996)
  • Sardari Begum (1996)
  • Diljale (1996)
  • Sapnay (1997)
  • Border (1997)
  • Virasat (1997)
  • Daud (1997)
  • Mrityudand (1997)
  • Yes Boss (1997)
  • Darmiyaan: In Between (1997)
  • Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya (1997)
  • Jeans (1997)
  • Wajood (1998)
  • Kabhi Na Kabhi (1998)
  • Bada Din (1998)
  • Duplicate (1998)
  • 1947 Earth (1999)
  • Godmother (1999)
  • Baadshah (1999)
  • Arjun Pandit (1999)
  • Laawaris (1999)
  • Dillagi (1999)
  • Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (2000)
  • Refugee (2000)
  • Karobaar (2000)
  • Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai (2000)
  • Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya (2000)
  • Champion (2000)
  • Gang (2000)
  • Dil Chahta Hai (2001)
  • Zubeidaa (2001)
  • Lagaan (2001)
  • Abhay (2001)
  • Moksha (2001)
  • Pyar Ki Dhun (2002)
  • Agni Varsha (2002)
  • Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai (2002)
  • Badhaai Ho Badhaai (2002)
  • Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai? (2002)
  • Satta (2003)
  • Love at Times Square (2003)
  • The Hero: Love Story of a Spy (2003)
  • Armaan (2003)
  • Chalte Chalte (2003)
  • Kuch Naa Kaho (2003)
  • Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003)
  • L.O.C. Kargil (2003)
  • Tehzeeb (2003)
  • Main Hoon Na (2004)
  • Veer-Zaara (2004)
  • Lakshya (2004)
  • Charas (2004)
  • Kyun! Ho Gaya Na... (2004)
  • Dobara (2004)
  • Swades (2004)
  • Bose: The Forgotten Hero (2004)
  • Kisna: The Warrior Poet (2005)
  • Mangal Pandey: The Rising (2005)
  • Dil Jo Bhi Kahey... (2005)
  • Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006)
  • Don (2006)
  • Traffic Signal (2007)
  • Namastey London (2007)
  • Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007)
  • Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal (2007)
  • Welcome (2007)
  • Om Shanti Om (2007)
  • Jodhaa Akbar (2008)
  • Rock On!! (2008)
  • Luck by Chance (2009)
  • What's Your Raashee? (2009)
  • Wake Up Sid (2009)
  • My Name is Khan (2010)
  • Karthik Calling Karthik (2010)
  • Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey (2010)
  • Aisha (2010)
  • Red Alert: The War Within (2010)
  • Prem Kaa Game (2010)
  • Don 2: The King is Back (2011)
  • Ekk Deewana Tha (2012)
  • Talaash (2012)
  • Vishwaroop (2013)
  • Dil Dhadakne Do (2015)
  • Rock On 2 (2016)
  • Mohenjo Daro (2016)
  • Raees (2017)
  • Gold (2018)
  • Paltan (2018)
  • Namastey England (2018)
  • Gully Boy (2019)
  • Panipat (2019)
  • Panga (2020)
  • Toofaan (2021)
  • The Archies (2023)
  • Dunki (2023)
  • Kho Gaye Hum Kahan (2023)
  • Yudhra (2024)
  • Lahore 1947 (2025)

Literary Works

Published Poetry Collections

As a poet, Javed Akhtar has enriched the world of Urdu literature with his evocative and insightful verse. His published collections are a testament to his profound command over language and his ability to articulate complex emotions and observations with elegance. These works have garnered critical acclaim and further solidified his standing as a significant literary figure.

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References

References

  1.  [dรยกรŠย’ร‰ย‘ร‹ย.รŠย‹ร‰ย›dรŒยช ร‰ย™xtรŒยชร‰ย™ร‰ยพ]
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