Who was John Henry Newman and what significant religious and academic roles did he hold?

John Henry Newman (1801-1890) was an influential English Catholic theologian, academic, philosopher, historian, writer, and poet. He began his career as an Anglican priest and academic at Oxford University before converting to Catholicism, where he was later made a cardinal. He is recognized for his significant contributions to religious thought and education in 19th-century England.

What are the key milestones in John Henry Newman's path to sainthood and recognition?

John Henry Newman was beatified in 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI and canonized in 2019 by Pope Francis. It was announced in 2025 that Pope Leo XIV would confer upon him the title of Doctor of the Church, recognizing his profound theological contributions.

What was Newman's affiliation with the Oratory of St. Philip Neri?

Newman became a member of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri after his conversion to Catholicism and founded the first house of this congregation in England. He lived as an Oratorian for nearly forty years, primarily in Birmingham.

Where and when was John Henry Newman born, and what was his family background?

John Henry Newman was born on February 21, 1801, in the City of London. He was the eldest of six children, with a father who was a banker and a mother descended from Huguenot refugees. His younger brother, Francis William Newman, also became a notable figure.

What were Newman's early educational experiences and intellectual influences?

Newman attended Great Ealing School, where he was taught classics and mathematics. He was an avid reader of Walter Scott and Robert Southey. At age 14, he encountered skeptical works by Thomas Paine, David Hume, and possibly Voltaire, which influenced his early intellectual development.

When did Newman convert to Evangelical Christianity, and what was its significance for him?

At the age of 15, Newman converted to Evangelical Christianity, an event he later described as more certain than his own physical existence. This conversion marked a significant shift in his religious beliefs, leading him to adopt Calvinist doctrines and view the Pope as the Antichrist.

How did Newman's views evolve away from his initial Evangelicalism?

Newman began to move away from Evangelicalism, perceiving it as promoting an undogmatic individualism that neglected the Church's role in transmitting revealed truth. He found this direction potentially leading to subjectivism and skepticism, prompting him to seek a more structured theological framework.

What was the Oxford Movement, and what role did Newman play in it?

The Oxford Movement, which began in 1833, was an influential group of Anglicans seeking to restore Catholic beliefs and liturgical practices to the Church of England. Newman became one of its most prominent leaders, inspiring many through his sermons and writings, including the *Tracts for the Times*.

What event marked a turning point in Newman's relationship with the Church of England, leading him to consider leaving?

The publication of his *Tract 90* in 1841, which re-examined the Thirty-Nine Articles, caused significant controversy. Newman himself stated that after publishing this tract, he felt he was "on my death-bed, as regards my membership with the Anglican Church."

What was the significance of Augustine of Hippo's quote "securus judicat orbis terrarum" for Newman?

The quote, meaning "the verdict of the world is conclusive," deeply affected Newman when he encountered it in an article by Nicholas Wiseman. He felt it "absolutely pulverised" the theology of the *Via Media* (the middle way of Anglicanism), contributing to his doubts about the continuity of the Church of England with the apostolic tradition.

When and how did John Henry Newman officially convert to Catholicism?

Newman converted to Catholicism on October 9, 1845, two years after resigning his Oxford teaching post. He was received into the Catholic Church by Dominic Barberi, an Italian Passionist, at his community in Littlemore.

What were the immediate personal consequences of Newman's conversion to Catholicism?

Newman's conversion led to strained relationships with his family and friends, and his former Oxford colleagues became polarized in their views of him. The conversion also had a significant impact on the broader Tractarian movement.

What were some of Newman's key literary and theological works during his Anglican period?

During his Anglican period, Newman authored works such as *The Arians of the Fourth Century*, *Tracts for the Times*, *Lyra Apostolica*, and *Parochial and Plain Sermons*. These writings reflected his developing theological views and his leadership in the Oxford Movement.

What is the significance of Newman's *Apologia Pro Vita Sua*?

*Apologia Pro Vita Sua* is a religious autobiography published by Newman in 1864 in response to accusations by Charles Kingsley. It details his spiritual journey and intellectual development, explaining the convictions that led him to convert to Catholicism and significantly shaping public perception of him.

What was the purpose and content of Newman's *Lectures on the Present Position of Catholics in England*?

Delivered in 1851, these lectures were Newman's response to the anti-Catholic sentiment in England following the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy. In them, he analyzed and satirized anti-Catholic ideology, demonstrating its false foundations and advising Catholics on how to respond.

What was the outcome of the libel trial involving Newman and Giacinto Achilli?

Newman was found guilty of libel in the Achilli trial of 1852. Although he presented evidence, he was unable to prove all his charges against Achilli, an ex-friar speaking against Catholicism. Newman was fined £100, and the trial highlighted the intense anti-Catholic sentiment of the era.

What was Newman's philosophy of education as articulated in *The Idea of a University*?

In *The Idea of a University*, Newman argued that a university's primary function is intellectual culture, aiming to train the intellect to reason well and grasp truth. He sought a balance between academic freedom and respect for religious doctrine, a concept that faced opposition within the Irish Catholic hierarchy.

What famous hymn is attributed to John Henry Newman?

John Henry Newman is widely known for writing the popular hymn "Lead, Kindly Light," which he composed during his Mediterranean travels in 1833. He also wrote other hymns, including "Firmly I believe, and truly" and "Praise to the Holiest in the Height," drawn from his poem *The Dream of Gerontius*.

When was John Henry Newman created a cardinal, and by whom?

John Henry Newman was created a cardinal on May 12, 1879, by Pope Leo XIII. This honor was bestowed in recognition of his significant service to the Catholic Church in England.

What were Newman's concerns regarding the definition of papal infallibility at the First Vatican Council?

Newman expressed unease about the formal definition of papal infallibility, believing the timing was "inopportune." He feared the definition might be too broadly worded and potentially misunderstood, though he did not publicly oppose it once defined.

When and where did John Henry Newman die?

John Henry Newman died on August 11, 1890, at the age of 89, in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England, from pneumonia. He was buried in Rednal, Birmingham, alongside his close friend Ambrose St. John, according to his wishes.

How has Newman's character been interpreted, and what do his personal writings reveal?

While some interpretations, like Lytton Strachey's, portrayed Newman as a sensitive recluse, his personal letters and memoranda reveal a more outgoing and humorous character. He was also an active walker and enjoyed travel, demonstrating a more engaged personality than some portrayals suggest.

What was the nature of Newman's friendships, particularly with Ambrose St. John?

Newman cherished deep friendships, notably with Ambrose St. John, with whom he shared communal life for 32 years. After St. John's death, Newman expressed profound grief, stating no bereavement was greater, and requested to be buried in the same grave, reflecting his theology of friendship as a glimpse of divine love.

How did Newman's celibacy contribute to perceptions of his character?

Newman embraced celibacy at age 15, which some contemporaries, particularly proponents of "muscular Christianity" like Charles Kingsley, viewed as unmanly or effeminate. This perception, however, may reveal more about the critics' views on Victorian gender norms than Newman's own nature.

What is Newman's lasting influence and legacy?

Newman's influence is significant in theology, philosophy, and education. His writings, particularly *The Idea of a University*, shaped educational ideals, and his theological insights continue to be studied. His canonization and impending title as Doctor of the Church underscore his profound impact on religious thought.

How did Newman distinguish between natural and revealed religion?

Newman defined theology as the "Science of God." He distinguished between natural religion, which is knowledge of God acquired outside Christian revelation (aided by grace), and revealed religion, which finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ. He believed natural religion still contained an incomplete, yet divine, revelation.

What was Newman's view on the relationship between faith and reason?

Newman believed in a balance between faith and reason, seeking a "middle way" that respected both intellectual inquiry and divine revelation. His philosophy of education aimed to cultivate the intellect while upholding religious truth, avoiding both unchecked free thought and rigid moral authority.

What key ideas did Newman develop regarding religious epistemology?

Newman explored concepts such as the "illative sense," the "primacy of conscience," and the "argument for conscience" as pathways to religious belief. He also wrote extensively on the "development of doctrine," suggesting how religious truths evolve and are understood over time within the Church.

What was the "Papal Aggression" of 1850, and how did Newman respond?

The "Papal Aggression" referred to Pope Pius IX's restoration of the Catholic diocesan hierarchy in England. This move, publicized by Cardinal Wiseman, sparked a national outcry and anti-Catholic sentiment, which Newman addressed through his public lectures, aiming to provide a reasoned defense of Catholicism.

What role did Newman's writings play in the Oxford Movement?

Newman's writings, particularly the *Tracts for the Times*, were central to the Oxford Movement. His sermons at St. Mary's Church also had a profound influence, shaping the theological and spiritual direction of many within the University of Oxford.

How did Newman's views on the Church of England evolve, leading to his conversion?

Initially an Anglican priest and academic, Newman became increasingly drawn to the high-church tradition and the Oxford Movement's emphasis on Catholic beliefs. Doubts about the apostolic continuity of the Church of England, particularly after publishing *Tract 90* and reflecting on historical arguments like Augustine's "securus judicat orbis terrarum," ultimately led him to convert to Catholicism.

What was the nature of the relationship between Newman and Henry Edward Manning?

Both Newman and Manning were prominent converts from Anglicanism who became cardinals. However, they had different temperaments and clashed on issues like the establishment of an Oratory in Oxford and the definition of papal infallibility, with Newman favoring a more cautious approach.

What is the significance of Newman's motto, "Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem"?

This motto, "Out of shadows and phantasms into the truth," was associated with Newman and Ambrose St. John. It reflects a journey from uncertainty and partial understanding towards ultimate truth, possibly referencing Plato's allegory of the cave, and signifies Newman's own spiritual and intellectual quest.

What was the "Littlemore" community Newman established?

In 1842, Newman withdrew to Littlemore, near Oxford, with a small group of followers, living in semi-monastic conditions. This "Anglican monastery" attracted considerable attention and curiosity from the Oxford community.

How did Newman's work contribute to the development of Catholic education in Ireland?

Newman served as the first rector of the Catholic University of Ireland (now University College Dublin), which he helped establish in 1854. His lectures from this period formed the basis of his influential book, *The Idea of a University*.

What was the "Puseyite" label associated with the Oxford Movement?

The term "Puseyite" became associated with the Oxford Movement after Edward Bouverie Pusey joined and contributed to the *Tracts for the Times*. It was often used, sometimes pejoratively, to refer to the movement's adherents and their high-church Anglican practices.

What was Newman's view on the relationship between science and religion?

Newman believed that religious belief and scientific inquiry could coexist, advocating for a "middle way" that respected both the rights of knowledge and divine revelation. He sought to build a Catholic university that supported research free from censorship while upholding Catholic teachings.

What was the context of Newman's "deathbed" statement regarding his membership in the Anglican Church?

Newman made this statement after publishing *Tract 90*, which argued that the Thirty-Nine Articles could be interpreted in a way consistent with Catholic doctrine. The controversy surrounding the tract led him to believe his time within the Church of England was drawing to a close.

How did Newman's writings influence James Joyce?

James Joyce expressed lifelong admiration for Newman's prose style, calling it unparalleled in English. He referred to Newman as a "tiresome footling little Anglican parson who afterwards became a prince of the only true church," highlighting Newman's significant literary impact.

What was the "principle of minimising" that Newman advocated regarding papal infallibility?

Newman advocated for a principle of minimising the scope of papal infallibility, believing that only a very limited number of papal declarations should fall under its definition. He was concerned that overly broad definitions could be misunderstood and deter potential converts.

What was the nature of Newman's relationship with his publisher, James Burns?

Newman had a close relationship with James Burns, the publisher of several Tractarian works and a convert to Catholicism. Newman published several books with Burns' company, effectively helping to save it, and it's suggested his novel *Loss and Gain* was written partly to assist Burns financially.

What did Newman mean by "To be deep in history is to cease to be a Protestant"?

This famous quote reflects Newman's conviction, developed through his study of history and the Church Fathers, that historical examination of the early Church and its development supported Catholic claims more strongly than Protestant ones. It suggests that a thorough understanding of history leads one away from Protestantism towards Catholicism.

What was the Oxford Movement's aim regarding the Church of England?

The Oxford Movement aimed to restore Catholic beliefs, rituals, and a sense of apostolic succession within the Church of England, which they believed had been diminished by the English Reformation. They sought to reaffirm the Church's distinct identity and historical continuity.

What was the "Oriel Noetics" group, and what was Newman's connection to it?

The Oriel Noetics were a group of independently thinking dons at Oriel College, Oxford, who emphasized free debate. Newman was associated with this group, and figures like Richard Whately and Edward Copleston influenced his intellectual development and his understanding of institutional authority.

What was the "Achilli trial" and why is it significant in Newman's life?

The Achilli trial was a libel case brought against Newman in 1852 after he made accusations against Giacinto Achilli, an ex-friar speaking against Catholicism. Although Newman was found guilty, the trial highlighted the intense anti-Catholic sentiment of the era and the legal challenges faced by Catholics.

What is the significance of the Oratory School founded by Newman?

Newman founded The Oratory School in 1859 as a boarding school for boys, modeled on English public schools. It became known as one of the "Catholic Eton" schools, contributing to Catholic education in England.

What was the "Biglietto Speech" and what key idea did Newman express in it?

The "Biglietto Speech" was delivered by Newman in Rome upon his elevation to cardinal in 1879. In it, he reiterated his lifelong opposition to "liberalism in religion," which he believed led to complete relativism and undermined positive religious truth.

What was the nature of Newman's relationship with his mother and siblings?

Newman's father was a banker, and his mother, Jemima, was of Huguenot descent. His younger brother, Francis William Newman, was also notable, and his sister Harriet married Thomas Mozley, who was involved in the Oxford Movement. Newman's relationships with his family were affected by his conversion.

What was Newman's view on the "development of doctrine"?

Newman proposed that Christian doctrine undergoes development over time, not as a change in essence, but as a growth in understanding and articulation. This concept was crucial in his transition to Catholicism, as it helped him reconcile historical changes in the Church with apostolic continuity.

What was the Oxford Movement's opposition to Renn Dickson Hampden?

The Tractarians, including Newman, opposed Hampden's appointment as Regius Professor of Divinity in 1836 due to suspicions of heresy arising from his Bampton Lectures. Newman published a pamphlet, *Elucidations of Dr Hampden's Theological Statements*, contributing to the opposition.

What is the meaning of Newman's motto, "Cor ad cor loquitur"?

"Cor ad cor loquitur" is Latin for "Heart speaks unto heart." This motto, adopted by Newman as a cardinal, reflects his belief in the power of personal connection and shared spiritual experience in conveying truth and fostering faith.

John Henry Newman Wiki: The Cardinal's Journey: John Henry Newman's Intellectual and Spiritual Odyssey

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About John Henry Newman

A Transformative Figure

John Henry Newman (1801–1890) was a towering figure in 19th-century English religious and intellectual life. Initially an influential Anglican priest and academic at Oxford, he became a leader of the Oxford Movement, advocating for the restoration of Catholic traditions within the Church of England. His profound theological and philosophical journey led him to convert to Catholicism in 1845, where he was later ordained and eventually created a Cardinal.

Academic and Literary Acumen

Newman's intellectual contributions spanned theology, philosophy, literature, and education. He was a prolific writer, known for works such as the Apologia Pro Vita Sua, Grammar of Assent, and the poem The Dream of Gerontius. His writings explored the intricate relationship between faith and reason, the development of doctrine, and the nature of conscience, leaving an indelible mark on theological discourse.

Path to Sainthood

Recognized for his holiness and intellectual contributions, Newman was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010 and canonized by Pope Francis in 2019. His canonization marked the culmination of a long process acknowledging his sanctity and influence. Furthermore, it was announced in 2025 that Pope Leo XIV approved his designation as a Doctor of the Church, a testament to the enduring significance of his theological insights.

Early Life and Education

London Beginnings

Born in London on February 21, 1801, John Henry Newman was the eldest of six children. His father, John Newman, was a banker, and his mother, Jemima Fourdrinier, hailed from a family of Huguenot refugees. The family resided in Bloomsbury, London, with a country retreat in Ham, near Richmond.

Academic Foundations

Newman received his early education at Great Ealing School. At the age of fifteen, he underwent a profound conversion to Evangelical Christianity, an experience he later described as more certain than his own physical existence. This spiritual awakening profoundly shaped his intellectual trajectory, though he would later move away from strict Calvinism, finding its emphasis on individual feeling insufficient for the transmission of revealed truth.

Oxford Intellectualism

Newman entered Trinity College, Oxford, in 1817. Despite an initial breakdown during his examinations, he was elected a fellow of Oriel College in 1822, an institution then considered the intellectual heart of Oxford. Here, he engaged deeply with thinkers like Richard Whately and Edward Copleston, developing his philosophical and theological ideas and forming significant intellectual relationships.

The Oxford Movement

Seeds of Change

Newman's Anglican ministry saw him ordained as a deacon in 1824 and a priest in 1825. He served as curate at St Clement's Church, Oxford, and later as vicar of St Mary's University Church. His intellectual development was deeply influenced by his colleagues, particularly Richard Hurrell Froude, and his own study of the Church Fathers. This period marked a growing conviction in the Church's divine appointment and independent authority.

Tracts for the Times

In 1833, following John Keble's influential sermon on "National Apostasy," Newman became a central figure in the Oxford Movement. He initiated the publication of the Tracts for the Times, aiming to reassert the high-church, Catholic principles of the Church of England. These tracts, along with his powerful sermons at St Mary's, significantly influenced theological thought and practice within the university and beyond.

Growing Doubts

By the late 1830s, Newman's theological inquiries, particularly into early Christian heresies like Monophysitism, began to raise doubts about the consistency of Anglican theology with the principles of ecclesiastical authority he championed. The publication of Tract 90 in 1841, which reinterpreted the Thirty-Nine Articles, proved controversial, leading to opposition from university authorities and signaling a critical turning point in his relationship with the Church of England.

Mediterranean Sojourn

During a tour of Southern Europe in 1832–1833, Newman experienced a period of reflection and spiritual renewal. Despite falling gravely ill in Sicily, he recovered with a renewed sense of purpose for his work in England. It was during this journey, while becalmed at sea, that he composed the verses that would become the beloved hymn "Lead, Kindly Light."

Conversion and Catholic Life

The Path to Rome

Newman's intellectual and spiritual journey culminated in his conversion to the Catholic Church on October 9, 1845. This decision, following years of internal struggle and theological exploration, led to his resignation from Oxford and his reception into Catholicism by Dominic Barberi. The conversion profoundly impacted his personal relationships and his standing within the Anglican community.

Oratorian and Cardinal

After his conversion, Newman was ordained a Catholic priest and joined the Oratory of St. Philip Neri. He established the first Oratorian community in England, first in Maryvale and then settling in Edgbaston, Birmingham. His significant contributions to the Catholic Church in England were recognized in 1879 when Pope Leo XIII created him a Cardinal, honoring his intellectual and spiritual leadership.

Educational Endeavors

In 1854, Newman accepted the role of rector for the newly established Catholic University of Ireland in Dublin. During his tenure, he developed his influential philosophy of education, later published as The Idea of a University. This work articulated his vision for intellectual culture that harmonized faith and reason, though the university itself faced considerable challenges.

Literary Vindication and Public Life

Lectures on Catholic Position

Amidst rising anti-Catholic sentiment in England, particularly following the 1850 "Papal Aggression," Newman delivered a series of public lectures in Birmingham in 1851. These lectures, later published as Lectures on the Present Position of Catholics in England, critically analyzed and satirized anti-Catholic ideology, offering a robust defense of the Catholic faith and advising on public engagement.

The Achilli Trial

Newman faced a libel trial in 1852 concerning accusations made in his fifth lecture against Giacinto Achilli, an ex-Dominican friar. Despite presenting evidence, Newman was found guilty of libel. The trial, though personally taxing and financially costly, highlighted the challenges faced by Catholics in public discourse and ultimately led to the removal of the contested passages from his published work.

Apologia Pro Vita Sua

In response to a public accusation by Charles Kingsley in 1864 that Newman prioritized expediency over truth, Newman published his seminal autobiography, Apologia Pro Vita Sua. This work, initially released in installments, meticulously detailed his spiritual and intellectual journey, powerfully defending his integrity and clarifying the motivations behind his conversion, thereby transforming public perception of him.

Theologian and Philosopher

Faith and Reason

Newman's theological framework emphasized the intricate interplay between faith and reason. He posited a concept of "natural religion," accessible through reason aided by grace, which he saw as a precursor and complement to revealed Christian doctrine. His work sought to reconcile intellectual inquiry with religious belief, advocating for a "middle way" that respected both.

Development of Doctrine

A key contribution to his theological thought was the concept of the "development of doctrine." Newman argued that Christian doctrine, while divinely revealed, unfolds and deepens over time through a process analogous to organic growth. This idea provided a framework for understanding the historical evolution of Church teachings while maintaining their essential continuity.

Grammar of Assent

In his 1870 work, A Grammar of Assent, Newman explored the philosophical basis for religious belief. He distinguished between notional assent (intellectual apprehension) and real assent (a deep, personal conviction). He argued that religious belief is not solely based on logical proof but involves the "illative sense"—an intuitive faculty that synthesizes various considerations to arrive at certainty.

Papal Infallibility

Newman expressed reservations about the timing and formulation of the dogma of papal infallibility, defined at the First Vatican Council (1869–1870). While not disputing the doctrine itself, he feared that its definition might be overly broad and deter potential converts. He advocated for a nuanced interpretation, emphasizing the limited scope of infallibility concerning faith and morals.

Literary and Personal Legacy

Literary Style

Newman's prose is celebrated for its clarity, elegance, and persuasive power. His writing style, characterized by its apparent candor and intellectual rigor, attracted readers across the religious spectrum. Even James Joyce, the modernist novelist, expressed profound admiration for Newman's command of the English language.

Relationships and Character

While often portrayed as a reclusive intellectual, Newman's correspondence and personal accounts reveal a man of deep friendships, pastoral care, and a lively sense of humor. His relationships with figures like Ambrose St. John and his interactions with parishioners demonstrated a compassionate and engaged pastoral heart, contrasting with later caricatures of him as merely an introspective scholar.

Enduring Influence

Newman's multifaceted legacy continues to resonate. His theological insights remain foundational for understanding the relationship between faith, reason, and tradition. His educational philosophy continues to inform discussions on university purpose and intellectual formation. As a saint and Doctor of the Church, his life and writings offer enduring guidance for spiritual and intellectual exploration.

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References

Joshua P. Hochschild, "The Re-Imagined Aristotelianism of John Henry Newman".

John Henry Newman, Empiricist Philosophy, and the Certainty of Faith, University of Oxford, 1974.

Cyril Bibby's T. H. Huxley: Scientist Extraordinary.

Nicholson, E. W., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Hawkins, Edward (1789â1882), college head

Curthoys, M. C., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "Bloxam, John Rouse (1807â1891), antiquary"

Macnab, K. E., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "Copeland, William John (1804â1885), historian and Church of England clergyman"

Gilley, Sheridan. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "Dalgairns, John DobrÃ©e [name in religion Bernard] (1818â1876), Roman Catholic priest and scholar"

Murphy, G. Martin.,Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "Lockhart, William (1819â1892), Roman Catholic convert and Rosminian priest"

Shrimpton, Paul. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "St John, Ambrose (1815â1875), Roman Catholic priest and headmaster"

Galloway, Peter. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "Oakeley, Frederick (1802â1880), Roman Catholic convert, priest, and author"

Anthony S. Wohl, The Re-establishment of the Catholic Hierarchy in England, 1850

Newman, John Henry The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman, Vol. XIV (London, 1963), p. 214.

Newman, John Henry, Lectures on the Present Position of Catholics in England, The Works of Cardinal John Henry Newman Birmingham Oratory Millennium Edition Volume 1 (2000), p. 208

Griffin, John R., A Historical Commentary on the Major Catholic Works of Cardinal Newman, (New York, 1993), p. 66.

Ker, I., "Newman the Satirist", in Ker, I. & Hill, A.G. (ed.), Newman after a Hundred Years, (Oxford, 1990), p. 20.

Newman, John Henry, Lectures on the Present Position of Catholics in England, The Works of Cardinal John Henry Newman Birmingham Oratory Millennium Edition Volume 1 (2000), pp. 427â28.

Quoted in Newman, John Henry The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman, Vol. XV, (London, 1963) p. 108, n. 1.

Ms letter to Keble (Nov. 8, 1852), Taylor Collection, Bodleian, quoted in Griffin, John R., A Historical Commentary on the Major Catholic Works of Cardinal Newman, (New York, 1993), p. 66.

J. H. Newman, The Idea of a University, London, 1891, pp. 125â26, cited by John Cornwell, Newman's Unquiet Grave, ch. 11.

Charles Stephen Dessain, et al., eds., The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman, vol. 16, note 551, cited by John Cornwell, Newman's Unquiet Grave, ch. 11.

G.W.Russell, Collections & Recollections (Revised edition, Smith, Elder & Co, London, 1899), at p. 46

Mystery of cardinal's missing bones , BBC News, 29 October 2008.

Lytton Strachey, Eminent Victorians, 1918. s:Eminent Victorians/Cardinal Manning#VI

Thomas Mozley. Reminiscences: Chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement, Volume 2. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1882, p. 44.

Charles Dessain. The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman Volume IX: Littlemore and the Parting of Friends May 1842 – October 1843. London: Thomas Nelson & Sons.

Buckton (p. 36) cites Piers Brendon and Sheridan Gilley as scholars who dismiss Faber's theory.

Buckton (p. 30) cautions: "We ought, of course, to be wary of repeating [Charles] Kingsley's obsessive practice of eroticizing every aspect of Newman's life and faith."

Faber's book came out in 1933. Later research by Ker (see below) and others does not support the idea of Newman's "sexlessness".

As Hilliard notes (p. 5), Piers Brendon, in his biography of Froude, offers a very different interpretation of Froude's sense of guilt.

The Trouble with the Pope, Channel 4, 13 September 2010.

John Cornwell. "Cardinal Newman" , BBC News: Today, 4 June 2010.

Alan Bray. "Wedded Friendships", The Tablet, 8 August 2001.

Ian Ker. "Newman, John Henry (1801â1890), theologian and cardinal", in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

In the passage quoted from (cited in Ker, John Henry Newman: A Biography, p. 197), "interest", "affectionate interest" and "sympathy" are used interchangeably.

Robert Anderson, "The 'Idea of a University' Today", in Kay Withers (ed.), First Class? Challenges and Opportunities for the UK's University Sector. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2009.

A full list of references for this article are available at the John Henry Newman Wikipedia page

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Cardinal Newman's Odyssey

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

About John Henry Newman ℹ️

🕊️ A Transformative Figure

🎓 Academic and Literary Acumen

🌟 Path to Sainthood

Early Life and Education 📜

🏠 London Beginnings

📚 Academic Foundations

🏛️ Oxford Intellectualism

The Oxford Movement 🏛️

⛪ Seeds of Change

✍️ Tracts for the Times

🤔 Growing Doubts

🌍 Mediterranean Sojourn

Conversion and Catholic Life ✝️

➡️ The Path to Rome

🇻🇦 Oratorian and Cardinal

🇮🇪 Educational Endeavors

Literary Vindication and Public Life ✍️

🗣️ Lectures on Catholic Position

⚖️ The Achilli Trial

📖 Apologia Pro Vita Sua

Theologian and Philosopher 🧠

💡 Faith and Reason

📜 Development of Doctrine

📜 Grammar of Assent

🇻🇦 Papal Infallibility

Literary and Personal Legacy 📖

🖋️ Literary Style

🤝 Relationships and Character

🌟 Enduring Influence

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

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📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

About John Henry Newman

A Transformative Figure

Academic and Literary Acumen

Path to Sainthood

Early Life and Education

London Beginnings

Academic Foundations

Oxford Intellectualism

The Oxford Movement

Seeds of Change

Tracts for the Times

Growing Doubts

Mediterranean Sojourn

Conversion and Catholic Life

The Path to Rome

Oratorian and Cardinal

Educational Endeavors

Literary Vindication and Public Life

Lectures on Catholic Position

The Achilli Trial

Apologia Pro Vita Sua

Theologian and Philosopher

Faith and Reason

Development of Doctrine

Grammar of Assent

Papal Infallibility

Literary and Personal Legacy

Literary Style

Relationships and Character

Enduring Influence

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice