What was Les Eaux-Vives historically?

Les Eaux-Vives was a former municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, existing from 1798 until its incorporation into the City of Geneva in 1931. Today, it forms a district within the City of Geneva.

When was Les Eaux-Vives officially incorporated into the City of Geneva?

Les Eaux-Vives was incorporated into the City of Geneva on January 1, 1931, alongside the former municipalities of Plainpalais and Le Petit-Saconnex.

What is the origin and meaning of the name "Les Eaux-Vives"?

The name "Les Eaux-Vives" originates from the Latin phrase "aqua viva," meaning "living water." This name was given due to the numerous natural springs that flowed below Montchoisy and provided drinking water to Geneva.

When is the earliest known mention of the area that became Les Eaux-Vives?

The earliest recorded mention of the area dates back to 1442, identified in Latin as "iuxta nontum Fontium Vivorum," which translates to "near the hill of living springs."

What evidence exists for early human settlement in the Les Eaux-Vives area?

Archaeological findings indicate human presence in the area dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. Several settlements along the lake shore have been discovered, along with a Roman villa.

What significant Roman structure was discovered in the Parc La Grange area of Les Eaux-Vives?

In 1888, excavations within the area now known as Parc La Grange uncovered a Roman villa. This villa dates back to the second half of the 1st century CE.

In which historical artwork does the oldest known artistic representation of Les Eaux-Vives appear?

The oldest known artistic representation of Les Eaux-Vives is found in Conrad Witz's 1444 painting titled "The Miraculous Draught of Fishes." This painting is part of the altarpiece for Saint-Pierre Cathedral.

What was the religious affiliation of Les Eaux-Vives before the Protestant Reformation, and how did its parish status evolve?

Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the territory of Les Eaux-Vives belonged to the parish of La Madeleine. Later, in 1727, it was attached to the parish of Cologny until a dedicated pastoral position was established in 1831.

Which historical group established a church in the Les Eaux-Vives area during the Middle Ages?

The Knights Templar established a church in the Les Eaux-Vives area during the 12th century.

Where did the members of the archery guild practice their sport in Les Eaux-Vives, and when do their earliest statutes date from?

Members of the archery guild practiced their sport near the marshy terrain of Pré-l'Évêque. The earliest statutes for this guild date back to 1529.

Why was the suburb of Les Eaux-Vives destroyed in the 1530s-1540s?

The suburb, along with four others surrounding Geneva, was destroyed by the Genevans during the 1530s-1540s primarily for military security reasons.

When did the suburbs surrounding Geneva, including Les Eaux-Vives, begin to experience a revival after their destruction?

The suburbs began to revive and repopulate starting from the 18th century onwards.

What industries were established in Les Eaux-Vives during its revival period?

During its revival, Les Eaux-Vives was repopulated by fishermen, boatmen, and artisans. Calico factories, including one owned by Jean-Philippe Petit, were also established in the area.

What caused the decline and eventual disappearance of the calico industry in Les Eaux-Vives?

The decline of the calico industry began in 1785 due to protectionist measures implemented by the French government. These industries had completely disappeared by around 1830-1835.

What political status did Les Eaux-Vives gain following Geneva's annexation by France?

After Geneva was annexed by France in 1798, Les Eaux-Vives was established as a political commune.

When did the municipal council of Les Eaux-Vives hold its first meeting?

The municipal council of Les Eaux-Vives held its first meeting on December 28, 1800.

What were the main responsibilities of the Les Eaux-Vives commune during its early years under French rule?

The commune's functions were relatively simple, primarily focused on managing the port, maintaining the lake shores, and undertaking road works.

What significant infrastructure project was completed in Les Eaux-Vives in 1836-1838, and what was its economic impact?

The Port de la Scie, the first major port outside Geneva's walls, was constructed between 1836 and 1838. It became a significant source of revenue for the commune, largely through rental fees collected for merchandise storage areas.

How did the demolition of Geneva's fortifications influence the urban development of Les Eaux-Vives?

The demolition of Geneva's fortifications, beginning in 1850, allowed for urban expansion. New neighborhoods built on the freed land connected directly with Les Eaux-Vives, accelerating its urbanization and leading to the creation of new roads to improve communication with the city.

When was a tram line established that connected Rive to Chêne-Bougeries, passing through Les Eaux-Vives?

A tram line connecting Rive to Chêne-Bougeries was opened in 1864, facilitating transportation and further integrating Les Eaux-Vives with the surrounding areas.

What was the purpose behind the construction of Vollandes station in 1888?

Vollandes station (now Genève-Eaux-Vives railway station) was built in 1888 as part of an ambitious project to extend the Annemasse-Geneva railway line to Geneva's main Cornavin station. The larger goal was to connect the Lyon-Geneva line with the Savoy network.

Has the Genève-Eaux-Vives railway station been connected to Cornavin station?

Although the original grand project to connect the Lyon-Geneva line to the Savoy network via Cornavin station did not materialize as planned in the 19th century, the Genève-Eaux-Vives station was eventually connected to Cornavin station with the opening of the CEVA line in 2019.

Where did the municipal council of Les Eaux-Vives initially hold its meetings?

Initially, the municipal council and mayor convened meetings at the mayor's private residence.

When did Les Eaux-Vives acquire its first dedicated meeting space, and what was it called?

In 1809, the municipal council decided to purchase a "commune chamber." This space was located on the first floor of the Rucker house at Pré-l'Évêque.

Describe the evolution of the town hall buildings in Les Eaux-Vives.

A town hall was built in 1828 but proved too small and humid. After renting the Malan house, a new town hall was constructed in 1853. A more elaborate and larger town hall was built between 1905 and 1909, which today serves as the official town hall for the City of Geneva, housing the marriage ceremony hall.

Who designed the town hall built between 1905 and 1909, and when was it inaugurated?

The architect for the town hall built between 1905 and 1909 was Léon Bovy. The building was inaugurated on February 15, 1909.

When was a pastoral position created in Les Eaux-Vives, and where were religious services initially conducted?

A pastoral position was created in 1831. Since the commune lacked its own church at the time, religious services were held in the school hall.

When was the Gothic church in Les Eaux-Vives constructed, and who was the architect?

The Gothic church was built on plans by architect Louis Brocher. The cornerstone was laid on June 2, 1841, and the church was dedicated on August 7, 1842.

What happened to the ownership of the church in Les Eaux-Vives after the separation of church and state in Geneva?

Following the vote for the separation of church and state on June 15, 1907, the temple, previously owned by the commune, became the property of the Consistory of the National Protestant Church of Geneva on April 8, 1910.

What was the "infant asylum" established in Les Eaux-Vives, and when did it begin receiving municipal support?

The "infant asylum" was the precursor to modern kindergartens, established by Mrs. Simon-Chauvet. The municipal council began granting it an annual subsidy of 315 florins in 1836.

How did Les Eaux-Vives address the growing need for school facilities in the late 19th century?

As the population grew, the commune constructed new school buildings. Facilities were built in Villereuse in 1894 to accommodate the increasing number of students, which exceeded 1,000 by the end of the 19th century.

What significant public space did the commune of Les Eaux-Vives help acquire for the broader Geneva community?

The commune played a key role in the purchase of Parc des Eaux-Vives, acquiring it for the benefit of the entire Geneva community.

Who was Louis Favre, and what was his connection to Parc des Eaux-Vives?

Louis Favre, an engineer famous for constructing the Gotthard Tunnel, acquired the Parc des Eaux-Vives property in 1865. His daughter later sold it to the Société du Parc des Eaux-Vives.

What were some of the uses of Parc des Eaux-Vives after Louis Favre's ownership?

After Louis Favre's ownership, the estate briefly served as a residence for King Chulalongkorn of Siam and was later transformed into a Luna Park, which is an amusement park.

How was Parc des Eaux-Vives ultimately secured as a public park?

Mayor John Gignoux led a committee that organized a public subscription, supplemented by contributions from the Grand Council of Geneva and the City of Geneva. This allowed the commune to acquire the park for 1.5 million francs, officially opening it on July 3, 1913.

What other major park adjacent to Parc des Eaux-Vives became public domain, and when?

Parc La Grange, located adjacent to Parc des Eaux-Vives, became public domain in 1918. It was generously donated to the City of Geneva by William Favre.

What was the initial reaction of the Les Eaux-Vives municipal council to the idea of merging with Geneva in 1901?

In 1901, the municipal council of Les Eaux-Vives unanimously opposed any proposal for a merger or fusion with the city of Geneva.

What prompted the issue of merging communes with Geneva to be reconsidered in 1926?

The question of merging suburban communes resurfaced in 1926, largely driven by a financial crisis experienced by the Canton.

What was the result of the 1930 vote regarding the merger of Les Eaux-Vives and other communes with Geneva?

On May 18, 1930, voters in Geneva approved the constitutional law of March 22, 1930, which provided for the merger of the communes of Les Eaux-Vives, Plainpalais, and Le Petit-Saconnex with Geneva.

Did the residents of Les Eaux-Vives vote in favor of the merger with Geneva?

No, the commune of Les Eaux-Vives voted against the merger. The opposition outnumbered the support by 1,256 votes to 1,212.

When did the merger officially take effect, ending Les Eaux-Vives' status as an independent municipality?

The merger officially took effect on January 1, 1931, marking the end of 133 years of Les Eaux-Vives' municipal independence.

How was Les Eaux-Vives administered during its existence as a municipality?

Les Eaux-Vives was administered by municipal agents from 1798 to 1800. Subsequently, it was governed by elected mayors from 1800 until its merger with Geneva in 1931.

Who were some notable mayors of Les Eaux-Vives and what were their key contributions?

Notable mayors included Jean-Édouard Naville (1809-1817), who established the commune's first dedicated meeting space, and John Gignoux (1904-1918), who oversaw the construction of the new town hall and the acquisition of Parc des Eaux-Vives. Camille Rochette served as the last mayor.

Who was the last mayor of Les Eaux-Vives, and during which periods did they serve?

Camille Rochette served as the last mayor of Les Eaux-Vives. She held the position for two terms: from 1918 to 1929, and again from 1930 to 1931.

How did the population of Les Eaux-Vives change from its establishment to its merger with Geneva?

The population of Les Eaux-Vives experienced substantial growth. It increased from approximately 860 inhabitants in 1800 to 2,000 by 1850, then to 11,872 in 1900, and finally reached 20,917 by 1930.

What does the demographic growth of Les Eaux-Vives signify about the area's development?

The remarkable population growth indicates the area's significant transformation from a small, rural fishing village into a densely populated, urbanized suburb of Geneva.

What are the coordinates for Les Eaux-Vives?

The coordinates for Les Eaux-Vives are 46°12′N 6°10′E.

What time zones apply to Les Eaux-Vives?

Les Eaux-Vives observes Central European Time (CET), which is UTC+1, and Central European Summer Time (CEST), which is UTC+2, during daylight saving periods.

Les Eaux-vives Wiki: Les Eaux-Vives: A Historical Cartography of Geneva's Living Waters and Urban Transformation

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Introduction

A Former Municipality of Geneva

Les Eaux-Vives was a distinct municipality within the Swiss Canton of Geneva from 1798 until its incorporation into the City of Geneva on January 1, 1931. Situated on the left bank of Lake Geneva, its legacy endures today as a district comprising several distinct neighborhoods, including Contamines, Florissant, Malagnou, Montchoisy, Villereuse, and Vollandes, alongside residential areas like Allièes, Grande Boissière, Petite Boissière, La Cuisine, and Grange-Canal.

The Significance of "Living Waters"

The name "Eaux-Vives," translating from Latin as "living water," directly references the numerous natural springs that historically supplied Geneva with vital drinking water. This fundamental resource shaped the area's early development and identity, connecting it intrinsically to the city's sustenance and growth.

Geographical Context

Les Eaux-Vives is strategically located on the left bank of Lake Geneva, offering picturesque views and access to the lake's resources. Its proximity to the city of Geneva facilitated its eventual integration, transforming it from a semi-rural area into an integral part of the urban landscape.

Etymology

Origins of the Name

The name "Les Eaux-Vives" is derived from the Latin phrase "aqua viva", meaning "living water." This nomenclature stems from the abundant natural springs found below Montchoisy, which were historically crucial for providing potable water to the city of Geneva. The earliest documented reference to this area dates back to 1442, noted as "iuxta montem Fontium Vivorum", signifying "near the hill of living springs." This etymological root underscores the area's foundational connection to water resources.

The Commune's Motto

The historical motto associated with Les Eaux-Vives is "Aquis vivis felicitas", which translates to "Happiness from living waters." This phrase encapsulates the community's deep-seated connection to its natural springs and the prosperity they brought.

Historical Trajectory

Early Settlements and Medieval Period

Archaeological findings reveal human habitation in the Les Eaux-Vives area dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Notably, excavations in Parc La Grange uncovered a Roman villa from the late 1st century CE. The area's earliest artistic depiction appears in Conrad Witz's 1444 painting, "The Miraculous Draught of Fishes." Historically, Les Eaux-Vives was part of the prosperous Temple suburb, named after a Knights Templar church founded in the 12th century. It was attached to the parish of Cologny until 1727, later establishing its own pastoral position in 1831.

Destruction and Renaissance

For security reasons, Les Eaux-Vives, along with other suburbs, was destroyed by Genevans in the 1530s-1540s. The area began to revive in the 18th century, attracting fishermen, boatmen, and artisans. Calico factories were established, though this industry declined due to French protectionist policies and disappeared by the mid-19th century.

French Period and Municipal Foundation

Following Geneva's annexation by France in 1798, Les Eaux-Vives was formally established as a political commune. Its early municipal functions were modest, focusing on port management, lake shore maintenance, and road works. The construction of the Port de la Scie in 1836-1838 provided a significant source of revenue through merchandise storage rentals.

19th Century Urban Expansion

The demolition of Geneva's fortifications after 1850 spurred urban expansion, connecting Les Eaux-Vives more closely with the city. New thoroughfares and a tram line established in 1864 facilitated communication. The construction of the Vollandes station (now Genève-Eaux-Vives) in 1888, intended as a terminus for the Annemasse-Geneva line, marked a significant infrastructural development, though the full connection to Cornavin station was only realized with the CEVA line in 2019.

Municipal Administration and Public Spaces

The commune's administrative buildings evolved over time, from rented spaces to a purpose-built town hall in 1853, and a more elaborate structure inaugurated in 1909, which now serves as Geneva's official town hall. A significant achievement was the acquisition and donation of Parc des Eaux-Vives to the Geneva community in 1913, preserving this vital green space. Parc La Grange was similarly donated to the city in 1918.

The Merger with Geneva

The idea of merging suburban communes with Geneva gained traction in the early 20th century. Despite initial opposition from Les Eaux-Vives in 1901, a constitutional law in 1930 mandated the merger of Les Eaux-Vives, Plainpalais, and Le Petit-Saconnex with Geneva. Although Les Eaux-Vives narrowly opposed the merger in a local vote (1,256 against to 1,212 in favor), the integration took effect on January 1, 1931, concluding 133 years of municipal independence.

Mayors and Administration

Leadership Through the Years

Les Eaux-Vives was administered by municipal agents from 1798 to 1800, followed by elected mayors until the merger in 1931. Key figures shaped the commune's development:

Jean-Édouard Naville (1809-1817): Initiated the establishment of the commune's first dedicated meeting space.
John Gignoux (1904-1918): Oversaw the construction of the new town hall and the crucial acquisition of Parc des Eaux-Vives.
Camille Rochette (1918-1929, 1930-1931): Served as the final mayor, presiding over the commune during its last years of independence and the transition to city integration.

These leaders navigated the commune through periods of significant growth, infrastructural development, and eventual political consolidation.

Demographic Evolution

Population Growth

Les Eaux-Vives experienced substantial population growth during its existence, reflecting its transition from a modest settlement to a thriving urban suburb. The population figures illustrate this dynamic expansion:

1800: Approximately 860 inhabitants
1850: Reached 2,000 inhabitants
1900: Grew to 11,872 inhabitants
1930: Peaked at 20,917 inhabitants just prior to the merger.

This demographic surge highlights the area's increasing importance and attractiveness as part of the greater Geneva region.

Key Facts

Establishment and Dissolution

Established: 1798 (during the French period)

Dissolved: January 1, 1931 (merged into the City of Geneva)

Location and Administration

Country: Switzerland

Canton: Geneva

Coordinates: 46°12′N 6°10′E

Time Zone

Standard Time: UTC+1 (Central European Time - CET)

Daylight Saving Time: UTC+2 (Central European Summer Time - CEST)

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References

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Les Eaux-Vives

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction ℹ️

📍 A Former Municipality of Geneva

💧 The Significance of "Living Waters"

🗺️ Geographical Context

Etymology 🗣️

📜 Origins of the Name

🎶 The Commune's Motto

Historical Trajectory ⏳

🏛️ Early Settlements and Medieval Period

⚔️ Destruction and Renaissance

🇫🇷 French Period and Municipal Foundation

🏗️ 19th Century Urban Expansion

🏛️ Municipal Administration and Public Spaces

🤝 The Merger with Geneva

Mayors and Administration 🏛️

🧑‍⚖️ Leadership Through the Years

Demographic Evolution 👥

📈 Population Growth

Key Facts 📌

📅 Establishment and Dissolution

🌍 Location and Administration

🕰️ Time Zone

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

A Former Municipality of Geneva

The Significance of "Living Waters"

Geographical Context

Etymology

Origins of the Name

The Commune's Motto

Historical Trajectory

Early Settlements and Medieval Period

Destruction and Renaissance

French Period and Municipal Foundation

19th Century Urban Expansion

Municipal Administration and Public Spaces

The Merger with Geneva

Mayors and Administration

Leadership Through the Years

Demographic Evolution

Population Growth

Key Facts

Establishment and Dissolution

Location and Administration

Time Zone

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice