What is the official English term used in China for individuals who travel into space?

The official English designation used in China for individuals trained to command, pilot, or serve as crew members aboard spacecraft is simply astronauts. While the term taikonaut is sometimes used in the media, it is not officially recognized or used within China.

Which organization is responsible for training Chinese astronauts?

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is responsible for training Chinese astronauts. These individuals are prepared to serve as crew members on the nation's spacecraft.

What was the name of the first proposed Chinese crewed spacecraft in the late 1960s?

The first crewed spacecraft proposed by the People's Republic of China during the late 1960s and early 1970s was named Shuguang One. It was anticipated to carry the first Chinese astronaut into space in 1973.

How many astronauts were selected for the Shuguang One program, and when?

For the Shuguang One program, 19 astronauts were selected in 1971. However, the program faced setbacks when leading scientists were denounced, bringing its progress to a halt.

Who was the first ethnically Chinese person to travel into space, and under which nationality?

Taylor Wang, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in China, became the first ethnically Chinese person in space in 1985. This occurred before China independently sent its own citizens into space.

When was the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) established, and for what purpose?

The People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) was established in 1998. Its primary purpose was to select and train astronauts for the Shenzhou program, China's human spaceflight initiative.

Who was the first Chinese national sent into space by China's program, and on which mission?

Yang Liwei was the first Chinese national sent into space by China's own space program. He launched aboard the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft on October 15, 2003.

What significant achievement did the Shenzhou 5 mission represent for China?

The Shenzhou 5 mission, which carried Yang Liwei into space, made China the third country in the world to independently send humans into space, following the Soviet Union (now Russia) and the United States.

Who performed the first Chinese spacewalk, and during which mission?

Zhai Zhigang performed the first Chinese spacewalk during the Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008. This marked a significant milestone in China's human spaceflight capabilities.

Who was the first Chinese woman launched into space, and aboard which spacecraft?

Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman launched into space aboard the Shenzhou 9 mission in 2012. She was also the first Chinese woman to travel aboard a space station, Tiangong-1.

Who became the first Chinese woman to walk in space, and during which mission?

Wang Yaping became the first Chinese woman to walk in space during the Shenzhou 13 mission in 2021. This achievement added another significant first for Chinese women in space exploration.

Who was the first civilian astronaut not enlisted in the PLAAC, and what was their role?

Gui Haichao was the first civilian astronaut not enlisted in the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps. He served as the mission payload specialist aboard the Shenzhou 16 mission in 2023.

What unique distinction does Wang Haoze hold among Chinese female astronauts?

Wang Haoze is the third Chinese woman to travel to space and is noted as the first Chinese female spaceflight engineer. She flew on the Shenzhou 19 mission in 2024.

How many Chinese nationals had traveled in space as of April 2025?

As of April 2025, a total of twenty-six Chinese nationals had traveled in space.

What distinction did Yang Liwei achieve regarding his spacecraft?

Yang Liwei was the first person in space to fly on a spacecraft not operated by either the Soviet Union/Russia or the United States. His flight on Shenzhou 5 was entirely independent.

Who commanded the first two-person Chinese crew in space?

Fei Junlong commanded the first two-person Chinese crew in space during the Shenzhou 6 mission in October 2005.

Which astronauts were part of the first three-person Chinese crew in space?

The first three-person Chinese crew in space consisted of Jing Haipeng, Liu Boming, and Zhai Zhigang, who flew on the Shenzhou 7 mission in September 2008.

Which Chinese astronaut has flown on the most space missions according to the provided list?

Jing Haipeng has flown on the most missions listed, with four flights: Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 11, and Shenzhou 16.

Which Chinese crew was the first to achieve a crewed spacecraft docking?

The crew of Shenzhou 9, including Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang, and Liu Yang, was the first Chinese crew to achieve a crewed spacecraft docking. This occurred in June 2012.

What was Zhang Xiaoguang's role during the Shenzhou 10 mission?

During the Shenzhou 10 mission, Zhang Xiaoguang participated in the crewed spacecraft rendezvous and docking procedures.

How many times has Wang Yaping traveled to space according to the provided text?

According to the text, Wang Yaping has traveled to space twice, on the Shenzhou 10 and Shenzhou 13 missions. She is noted as the second Chinese female taikonaut and the first to fly twice.

What kind of activities did Chen Dong perform during his space missions?

Chen Dong conducted multiple space experiments during his missions, including Shenzhou 11, Shenzhou 14, and Shenzhou 20.

What is the significance of Gui Haichao's role as a payload specialist?

Gui Haichao's role as a payload specialist signifies his focus on conducting space science and applications during his mission. He was also the first civilian astronaut to fly into space.

What specific engineering role is Wang Haoze noted for?

Wang Haoze is recognized as the first Chinese female spaceflight engineer. She participated in the Shenzhou 19 mission.

What was the intended purpose of the Shuguang One spacecraft?

The Shuguang One spacecraft was intended to carry the first Chinese astronaut into space, with an initial target year of 1973.

In what year was the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) established?

The People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) was established in 1998.

In what year did Yang Liwei become the first Chinese national in space?

Yang Liwei became the first Chinese national in space in 2003.

In what year did Zhai Zhigang perform the first Chinese spacewalk?

Zhai Zhigang performed the first Chinese spacewalk in 2008.

In what year did Liu Yang become the first Chinese woman in space?

Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman in space in 2012.

In what year did Wang Yaping become the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk?

Wang Yaping became the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk in 2021.

In what year did Gui Haichao become the first civilian astronaut in space?

Gui Haichao became the first civilian astronaut in space in 2023.

In what year did Wang Haoze become the third Chinese woman in space?

Wang Haoze became the third Chinese woman in space in 2024.

How many individuals were selected for the Shuguang Group in May 1970?

Nineteen astronauts were selected for the Shuguang Group in May 1970.

What was the primary role of the astronauts selected in the January 1998 group?

The astronauts selected in the January 1998 group were primarily intended for the Shenzhou program, serving in various capacities including backup commanders and crew members for early missions.

How many astronauts were selected in Group 2, announced in March 2010?

The text does not specify the exact total number selected for Group 2 in March 2010, but it lists several individuals who subsequently flew missions.

What were the designated roles for the astronauts selected in Group 3 in October 2020?

Group 3, selected in October 2020, comprised 18 individuals: 7 spacecraft pilots, 7 flight engineers, and 4 mission payload specialists.

What specific training do astronauts selected in Group 4 undergo for two years?

Astronauts selected in Group 4 undergo two years of training for both space station missions and crewed lunar missions.

Which astronaut served as the backup commander for the Shenzhou 5 mission?

Li Qinglong served as the backup commander for the Shenzhou 5 mission.

Which astronaut served as the backup commander for the Shenzhou 6 mission?

Wu Jie served as the backup commander for the Shenzhou 6 mission.

Which astronaut served as the backup commander for the Shenzhou 7 mission?

Chen Quan served as the backup commander for the Shenzhou 7 mission.

What backup missions did Deng Qingming serve on before his first flight?

Before his first flight on Shenzhou 15, Deng Qingming served as backup for Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 10, Shenzhou 11, and Shenzhou 12 missions.

What is the significance of the bolding used for astronauts in the 'Group 1 (January 1998)' and 'Group 2 (March 2010)' lists?

The bolding used for astronauts in the 'Group 1 (January 1998)' and 'Group 2 (March 2010)' lists indicates that these individuals have flown on space missions.

What is the significance of the bolding used for astronauts in the 'Group 3 (October 2020)' list?

The bolding used for astronauts in the 'Group 3 (October 2020)' list indicates that these individuals have flown on space missions.

What was the total number of astronauts selected in Group 3 in October 2020?

A total of 18 astronauts were selected in Group 3 in October 2020.

What specific roles were defined for the 18 astronauts selected in Group 3?

The 18 astronauts selected in Group 3 were designated as 7 spacecraft pilots, 7 flight engineers, and 4 mission payload specialists.

What new regions were included in the candidacy for Group 4 astronauts?

Candidacy for Group 4 astronauts was extended to include individuals from Hong Kong and Macau.

How many payload specialists were among the 10 candidates announced for Group 4 in June 2024?

Among the 10 candidates announced for Group 4 in June 2024, there were 2 payload specialists, including one from Hong Kong SAR and one from Macau SAR.

What were the initial plans for the Shuguang One program regarding its first astronaut?

The Shuguang One program initially expected to send the first Chinese astronaut into space in 1973.

What distinction does Liu Yang hold regarding her first space mission?

Liu Yang was the first Chinese woman in space and was also part of the first Chinese crew to achieve a crewed spacecraft docking, aboard Shenzhou 9 with Tiangong-1.

What is the significance of the 'See also' section in the article?

The 'See also' section provides links to related topics, such as Chinese women in space, Chinese American astronauts, and other lists of astronauts, helping readers explore the subject further.

What does the term 'taikonaut' refer to in the context of Chinese space exploration?

Taikonaut is a term sometimes used in the media to refer to Chinese astronauts. However, it is not an officially used term in China, where the English designation is simply astronaut.

List Of Chinese Astronauts Wiki: Celestial Journeys: China's Astronauts Explored

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Introduction

Defining "Taikonaut"

This compilation details the astronauts trained by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) for commanding, piloting, or serving as crew members aboard spacecraft. While the term "taikonaut" is frequently used in media, it is not an officially recognized designation within China. The standard English term employed by the CNSA is simply "astronauts" (Chinese: 航天员; pinyin: hángtiānyuán).

China's Spacefaring Nation

The development of China's human spaceflight program represents a significant advancement in global space exploration. The nation's journey began with ambitious plans in the late 1960s and early 1970s, culminating in the successful launch of its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, in 2003. This achievement positioned China as the third country, after the Soviet Union and the United States, to independently send humans into space.

Early Aspirations and Setbacks

Initial proposals for crewed spacecraft, such as the Shuguang One project in the 1970s, aimed to send the first Chinese astronaut into space by 1973. A cohort of 19 astronauts was selected in 1971 for this program. However, political and scientific challenges led to the project's suspension, delaying China's independent human spaceflight capabilities. Notably, Taylor Wang, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in China, became the first ethnically Chinese person in space in 1985 aboard a NASA mission.

Milestones in History

The PLA Astronaut Corps

The formal establishment of the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps in 1998 marked a pivotal moment, laying the groundwork for the Shenzhou program. This dedicated corps was responsible for selecting and training astronauts for China's ambitious human spaceflight endeavors.

Yang Liwei: The First

On October 15, 2003, Yang Liwei made history by launching aboard the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. His successful mission not only marked China's debut in human spaceflight but also established the nation as a major player in space exploration.

Zhai Zhigang: The Spacewalk

During the Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008, Zhai Zhigang achieved another significant milestone by performing China's first extravehicular activity (EVA), commonly known as a spacewalk. This demonstrated advanced capabilities in space operations.

Liu Yang & Wang Yaping: Pioneering Women

Liu Yang became the first Chinese woman in space aboard Shenzhou 9 in 2012, also docking with the Tiangong-1 space laboratory. Later, Wang Yaping, who had previously flown on Shenzhou 10, became the first Chinese woman to conduct a spacewalk during the Shenzhou 13 mission in 2021.

Gui Haichao: The Civilian Specialist

In 2023, Gui Haichao flew on the Shenzhou 16 mission, becoming the first civilian astronaut not affiliated with the PLA Astronaut Corps and the first mission payload specialist. This marked a new phase in astronaut selection, broadening the scope beyond military pilots.

Wang Haoze: The Engineer

Wang Haoze, on the Shenzhou 19 mission in 2024, is noted as the third Chinese woman in space and the first Chinese female aerospace flight engineer, highlighting the increasing diversity and specialization within the astronaut corps.

Flown Astronauts

Astronaut Mission Roster

As of April 2025, twenty-six Chinese nationals have undertaken spaceflights. The following table details these pioneering individuals, their missions, and notable achievements:

Name	Name in Chinese	Missions (dates)	Notes
Yang Liwei	杨利伟	Shenzhou 5 (October 15, 2003)	First Chinese national in space. First solo person in space not flown on a Soviet/Russian or American spacecraft.
Fei Junlong	费俊龙	Shenzhou 6 (October 12–16, 2005) Shenzhou 15 (November 29, 2022–June 3, 2023)	Commander of the first two-person Chinese crew in space.
Nie Haisheng	聂海生	Shenzhou 6 (October 12–16, 2005) Shenzhou 10 (June 11–26, 2013) Shenzhou 12 (June 17–September 17, 2021)	Member of the first two-person Chinese crew in space.
Jing Haipeng	景海鹏	Shenzhou 7 (September 25–28, 2008) Shenzhou 9 (June 16–29, 2012) Shenzhou 11 (October 17–November 18, 2016) Shenzhou 16 (May 30, 2023–October 31, 2023)	Member of the first three-person Chinese crew in space. First repeat Chinese national in space. Commander of the first Chinese crew to achieve crewed spacecraft docking.
Liu Boming	刘伯明	Shenzhou 7 (September 25–28, 2008) Shenzhou 12 (June 17–September 17, 2021)	Member of the first three-person Chinese crew in space.
Zhai Zhigang	翟志刚	Shenzhou 7 (September 25–28, 2008) Shenzhou 13 (October 15, 2021–April 16, 2022)	First Chinese national to walk in space. Commander of the first Chinese three-person crew in space.
Liu Wang	刘旺	Shenzhou 9 (June 16–29, 2012)	Member of the first Chinese crew to achieve crewed spacecraft docking.
Liu Yang	刘洋	Shenzhou 9 (June 16–29, 2012) Shenzhou 14 (June 5–December 4, 2022)	First Chinese woman in space. Member of first Chinese crew to achieve crewed spacecraft docking.
Zhang Xiaoguang	张晓光	Shenzhou 10 (June 11–26, 2013)	Conducted crewed spacecraft rendezvous and docking.
Wang Yaping	王亚平	Shenzhou 10 (June 11–26, 2013) Shenzhou 13 (October 15, 2021–April 16, 2022)	Second Chinese female taikonaut and the first Chinese woman to travel twice in space. First Chinese woman to walk in space.
Chen Dong	陈冬	Shenzhou 11 (October 17–November 18, 2016) Shenzhou 14 (June 5–December 4, 2022) Shenzhou 20 (April 24, 2025–present)	Conducted multiple space experiments.
Tang Hongbo	汤洪波	Shenzhou 12 (June 17–September 17, 2021) Shenzhou 17 (October 26, 2023–April 30, 2024)
Ye Guangfu	叶光富	Shenzhou 13 (October 15, 2021–April 16, 2022) Shenzhou 18 (April 25, 2024–November 4, 2024)
Cai Xuzhe	蔡旭哲	Shenzhou 14 (June 5–December 4, 2022) Shenzhou 19 (October 29, 2024–present)
Deng Qingming	邓清明	Shenzhou 15 (November 29, 2022–June 3, 2023)
Zhang Lu	张陆	Shenzhou 15 (November 29, 2022–June 3, 2023)
Zhu Yangzhu	朱杨柱	Shenzhou 16 (May 30, 2023–October 31, 2023)
Gui Haichao	桂海潮	Shenzhou 16 (May 30, 2023–October 31, 2023)	First payload specialist, first civilian taikonaut in space
Tang Shengjie	唐胜杰	Shenzhou 17 (October 26, 2023–April 30, 2024)
Jiang Xinlin	江新林	Shenzhou 17 (October 26, 2023–April 30, 2024)
Li Cong	李聪	Shenzhou 18 (April 25, 2024–November 4, 2024)
Li Guangsu	李广苏	Shenzhou 18 (April 25, 2024–November 4, 2024)
Song Lingdong	宋令东	Shenzhou 19 (October 29, 2024–April 29, 2025)
Wang Haoze	王浩泽	Shenzhou 19 (October 29, 2024–April 29, 2025)	Third Chinese female taikonaut and the first Chinese female spaceflight engineer.
Chen Zhongrui	陈中瑞	Shenzhou 20 (April 24, 2025–present)
Wang Jie	王杰	Shenzhou 20 (April 24, 2025–present)

Astronaut Selection Groups

Shuguang Group (1970)

The initial selection for the Shuguang One project, comprising 19 individuals, represented the earliest formal step towards China's human spaceflight ambitions, though the program was ultimately suspended.

Chai Hongliang
Dong Xiaohai
Du Jincheng
Fang Guojun
Hu Zhanzi
Li Shichang
Liu Chongfu
Liu Zhongyi
Lu Xiangxiao
Ma Zizhong
Meng Senlin
Shao Zhijian
Wang Fuhe
Wang Fuquan
Wang Quanbo
Wang Rongsen
Wang Zhiyue
Yu Guilin
Zhang Ruxiang

Group 1 (1996/1998)

Selected in October 1996 and January 1998, this group included the astronauts who would fly the early Shenzhou missions, including Yang Liwei and Zhai Zhigang. Some members were designated as backup crew or retired before flying.

Li Qinglong (Retired)
Wu Jie (Retired)
Chen Quan (Retired)
Deng Qingming (Shenzhou 15)
Fei Junlong (Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 15)
Jing Haipeng (Shenzhou 7, 9, 11, 16)
Liu Boming (Shenzhou 7, 12)
Liu Wang (Shenzhou 9)
Nie Haisheng (Shenzhou 6, 10, 12)
Pan Zhanchun (Retired)
Yang Liwei (Shenzhou 5)
Zhai Zhigang (Shenzhou 7, 13)
Zhang Xiaoguang (Shenzhou 10)
Zhao Chuandong (Retired)

Bold indicates astronauts who have flown in space.

Group 2 (2010)

This group, selected in March 2010, included astronauts who would participate in later Shenzhou missions and contribute to the Tiangong program.

Cai Xuzhe (Shenzhou 14, Shenzhou 19)
Chen Dong (Shenzhou 11, 14, 20)
Liu Yang (Shenzhou 9, 14)
Tang Hongbo (Shenzhou 12, 17)
Wang Yaping (Shenzhou 10, 13)
Ye Guangfu (Shenzhou 13, 18)
Zhang Lu (Shenzhou 15)

Bold indicates astronauts who have flown in space.

Group 3 (2020)

Announced in October 2020, this group expanded the astronaut corps with new pilots, flight engineers, and payload specialists, including the first civilian astronaut.

Gui Haichao (Shenzhou 16)
Zhu Yangzhu (Shenzhou 16)
Tang Shengjie (Shenzhou 17)
Jiang Xinlin (Shenzhou 17)
Li Cong (Shenzhou 18)
Li Guangsu (Shenzhou 18)
Song Lingdong (Shenzhou 19)
Wang Haoze (Shenzhou 19)
Chen Zhongrui (Shenzhou 20)
Wang Jie (Shenzhou 20)

Bold indicates astronauts who have flown in space.

Group 4 (2022)

Selected in October 2022, this group includes pilots and spaceflight engineers, notably incorporating candidates from Hong Kong and Macau, signaling an expansion of China's space program's reach.

Ten candidates were announced in June 2024, including 8 spacecraft pilots and 2 payload specialists from Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR. Specific names are still emerging as training progresses.

The Space Program Context

Shenzhou Program

The Shenzhou program is China's human spaceflight initiative, responsible for launching astronauts into orbit. The spacecraft, named after the Chinese word for "divine vessel," has evolved through multiple generations, enabling increasingly complex missions, including rendezvous, docking, and long-duration stays in space.

Tiangong Space Station

The development of the Tiangong space station represents the pinnacle of China's human spaceflight achievements. This modular orbital outpost serves as a national space laboratory, facilitating scientific research and long-term human presence in low Earth orbit. Astronauts from the Shenzhou program regularly crew the station.

References

Source Citations

The information presented on this page is derived from publicly available data, primarily the Wikipedia article on the List of Chinese astronauts.

Shuguang 1. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Xi, Qixin; Fan, Juwei; Liu, Cheng. (2003, October 17). Birth of Chinese Astronauts. Xinhua.net. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Shenzhou 5. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Shenzhou 7. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Amos, Jonathan. (2012, June 18). Shenzhou-9 docks with Tiangong-1. BBC News. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Shenzhou-13 Crew Conducts First Extravehicular Activities, Wang Yaping Becomes First Female Chinese Astronaut to Spacewalk. (2021, November 8). Pandaily. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
China to send its first civilian astronaut into space. (2023, May 29). Al Jazeera. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Wang Haoze, a member of the Shenzhou 19 crew, graduated from Southeast University with a bachelor's and master's degree. She is currently the only female aerospace flight engineer in my country. (2024, October 29). Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Xue, Yanwen; Shan, Ruchao; Li, Xiaofan. (2018, January 24). Chinese Astronauts: Dedicated to Space Flight, Remain True to Original Intention. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
China 2. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Names of China's Secret Astronauts Revealed by Autographed Envelope. (2011, December 7). Space.com. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
18 picked for nation's 3rd generation of astronauts. (n.d.). China Daily. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
China begins recruitment for 4th batch of astronauts. (2022, October 4). Space.com. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Jones, Andrew. (2024, June 11). China selects new batch of astronauts with an eye on the moon. SpaceNews. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]
Jones, Andrew. (2024, October 29). China selects 2 proposals for crewed moon rover. SpaceNews. Retrieved from [Source URL Placeholder]

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References

China 2, spacefacts.de

Space.com, "Names of China's Secret Astronauts Revealed by Autographed Envelope", Robert Z. Pearlman, 7 December 2011

A full list of references for this article are available at the List of Chinese astronauts Wikipedia page

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Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional consultation or expertise in aerospace engineering, history, or related fields. Always refer to official documentation and consult with qualified professionals for specific inquiries.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Celestial Journeys

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Introduction ℹ️

🇨🇳 Defining "Taikonaut"

🌟 China's Spacefaring Nation

🔭 Early Aspirations and Setbacks

Milestones in History ⏳

📜 The PLA Astronaut Corps

🛰️ Yang Liwei: The First

🚶 Zhai Zhigang: The Spacewalk

👩‍🚀 Liu Yang & Wang Yaping: Pioneering Women

👨‍🔬 Gui Haichao: The Civilian Specialist

👩‍🔧 Wang Haoze: The Engineer

Flown Astronauts 🧑‍🚀

📋 Astronaut Mission Roster

Astronaut Selection Groups 👥

📅 Shuguang Group (1970)

📅 Group 1 (1996/1998)

📅 Group 2 (2010)

📅 Group 3 (2020)

📅 Group 4 (2022)

The Space Program Context 🌌

🛰️ Shenzhou Program

🏠 Tiangong Space Station

References 📚

🔗 Source Citations

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Introduction

Defining "Taikonaut"

China's Spacefaring Nation

Early Aspirations and Setbacks

Milestones in History

The PLA Astronaut Corps

Yang Liwei: The First

Zhai Zhigang: The Spacewalk

Liu Yang & Wang Yaping: Pioneering Women

Gui Haichao: The Civilian Specialist

Wang Haoze: The Engineer

Flown Astronauts

Astronaut Mission Roster

Astronaut Selection Groups

Shuguang Group (1970)

Group 1 (1996/1998)

Group 2 (2010)

Group 3 (2020)

Group 4 (2022)

The Space Program Context

Shenzhou Program

Tiangong Space Station

References

Source Citations

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice