What is motorcycle racing, and what are its primary forms?

Motorcycle racing, also known as moto racing or motorbike racing, is a sport that involves motorcycles competing on circuits or open courses. It encompasses various disciplines, including motorcycle road racing, off-road racing, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing, and land speed record trials.

How does the FIM classify motorcycle racing?

The FIM (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) classifies motorcycle racing into four main categories, each with several subcategories. These broad classifications help organize the diverse world of motorcycle sports.

What defines road racing in motorcycle sports?

Road racing is a form of motorcycle racing that takes place on paved road surfaces. These races can be held on purpose-built closed circuits or on street circuits, which utilize public roads temporarily closed for the event.

What is the distinction between traditional road racing and modern circuit racing?

Historically, 'road racing' specifically referred to competitions held on closed public roads. While this practice still exists, particularly in Europe, modern road racing predominantly occurs on dedicated, purpose-built race tracks.

What are some prominent traditional road races held on public roads?

Several well-known road races still take place on closed public roads, primarily in Europe. Prominent examples include the Isle of Man TT, the North West 200, and the Ulster Grand Prix, which are all characterized by their long circuits.

What are the three distinct classes within Grand Prix motorcycle racing?

Grand Prix motorcycle racing, considered the premier category of motorcycle road racing, is divided into three classes: Moto3, Moto2, and MotoGP. These classes differ in engine specifications, rider age limits, and the type of motorcycles used.

What are the engine specifications and rider age restrictions for the Moto3 class?

The Moto3 class, introduced in 2012, features motorcycles with 250cc single-cylinder four-stroke engines. Previously, it used 125cc two-stroke motorcycles. Rider age is restricted, with an upper limit of 25 for new and wild card entries, and an absolute upper limit of 28 for all riders.

How has the Moto2 class evolved in terms of its engine supplier?

Moto2 began in 2010 as a 600cc four-stroke class. Initially, Honda supplied the controlled engines. However, starting in 2019, Triumph Motorcycles took over as the controlled-engine supplier, with their engines based on the Triumph Street Triple RS 765.

Describe the evolution of engine specifications in the MotoGP class.

The MotoGP class has seen significant changes in engine specifications over the years. It began with large displacement four-stroke machines, then transitioned to 500cc two-strokes. In 2002, 990cc four-stroke bikes were allowed, fully replacing the two-strokes by 2003. A reduction to 800cc four-stroke engines occurred in 2007 due to high speeds and economic factors, before settling on 1000cc four-strokes in 2012.

What is the nature of motorcycles used in MotoGP?

Motorcycles competing in the MotoGP class are prototype machines, meaning they are not based on any production motorcycle models available to the public.

How does Superbike racing differ from Grand Prix motorcycle racing?

Superbike racing is a category of motorcycle road racing that utilizes modified production motorcycles, similar to how touring cars are used in their respective racing series. This contrasts with Grand Prix racing, which uses specialized prototype machines.

What are the engine size regulations for motorcycles in Superbike racing?

Superbike racing motorcycles must be equipped with four-stroke engines. For twin-cylinder engines, the displacement must be between 800cc and 1200cc, while for four-cylinder machines, the range is between 750cc and 1000cc. The motorcycles must also maintain the same overall appearance as their roadgoing counterparts.

What are the key differences in regulations between Superbike and Supersport racing?

Supersport racing regulations are considerably tighter than those for Superbike racing. While both categories use modified production motorcycles, Supersport machines must remain largely standard, with engine tuning being possible but strictly regulated.

What are the engine size requirements for motorcycles eligible for Supersport racing?

For Supersport racing, four-stroke motorcycles must have an engine displacement between 250cc and 600cc for four-cylinder machines. For twin-cylinder engines, the required range is between 600cc and 750cc. These motorcycles must also meet FIM homologation requirements.

What is the primary objective of endurance racing in motorcycle sports?

Endurance racing is designed to test the durability of the equipment and the stamina of the riders. Teams of multiple riders compete to cover a significant distance, often over a set amount of time or a specific number of laps, emphasizing the reliability of the motorcycles.

How do teams manage rider changes in endurance motorcycle races?

In endurance racing, teams are permitted to change riders during the event. This allows for strategic management of rider fatigue and performance throughout the race.

What is crucial for the performance of a sidecar racing machine?

In sidecar racing, the passenger's ability to shift body weight effectively across the sidecar is crucial for optimizing the machine's performance, particularly when navigating corners.

What are some of the sub-categories within sidecar racing?

Sidecar racing includes several sub-categories, such as Sidecarcross (motocross with sidecars), sidecar trials, F1/F2 road racing, and historic (classic) road racing.

How is motocross defined in relation to road racing?

Motocross (MX) is described as the off-road equivalent of road racing. It involves multiple motorcycles competing on a closed circuit, but on non-tarmac surfaces.

What types of surfaces are typically used for motocross circuits?

Motocross circuits are constructed on a variety of surfaces that are not paved, including dirt, sand, mud, and grass. These tracks often incorporate changes in elevation, which can be natural or artificially created.

What is a significant difference in the starting procedure between motocross and road racing?

A notable difference between motocross and road racing is that motocross starts are typically mass starts, with all riders lined up alongside each other, whereas road races often have staggered starts or individual time trials.

What is a 'holeshot' in motocross racing?

A 'holeshot' in motocross refers to the award given to the first rider to pass through the initial corner of the race. It signifies a strong start and is often a point of competition among riders.

How are motocross classes typically categorized?

Motocross classes are organized based on several factors, including machine displacement (ranging from 50cc two-strokes to 450cc four-strokes), the age and ability of the competitor, the inclusion of sidecars or quads/ATVs, and the age of the machine (e.g., classic or twinshock categories).

What is Supercross, and how does it relate to Motocross?

Supercross (SX) is essentially indoor motocross. It is known for being more technical and rhythmic for riders, and it is often held in stadiums, making it a popular spectator sport, particularly in North America, where it has led to motocross being referred to as the 'outdoors' discipline.

What is Supermoto, and how does it blend different motorcycle racing disciplines?

Supermoto is a racing category that combines elements of both road racing and motocross. The motorcycles used are typically motocross types fitted with road-racing tires, and the racetracks feature a mix of both tarmac and dirt sections.

How does the riding style in Supermoto differ from traditional road racing?

Riders in Supermoto exhibit a distinct riding style on tarmac sections, often taking different lines into corners, sliding the rear wheel around turns, and using their legs extended for balance. This contrasts with road racers who typically lean the bike with their knees bent and touching the tarmac.

What is the primary focus of Enduro motorcycle sport?

Enduro is a form of off-road motorcycle sport that primarily emphasizes the endurance of the competitor. Traditional 'Time Card Enduros' involve completing laps with target times for each stage, with penalties for being early or late.

What is the significance of the International Six Days Enduro?

The International Six Days Enduro (ISDE) is considered the most significant event in the Enduro calendar. It involves national teams of riders competing over several days, often across diverse and challenging terrains, and is sometimes referred to as Enduro's 'World Cup'.

What are 'Hare scrambles' and 'Hare and Hounds' in the context of Enduro?

'Hare scrambles' and 'Hare and Hounds' are variations of Enduro racing that involve shorter lap lengths compared to traditional Time Card Enduros. They are forms of off-road racing that test riders' speed and skill over rugged terrain.

What distinguishes Hard Enduro from traditional Enduro racing?

Hard Enduro takes Enduro racing to an extreme level by featuring even larger, longer, and tougher courses. It aims to integrate all disciplines of Enduro, including Hard Enduro, Classic Enduro, Cross-Country, and Beach Racing, into a single challenging event.

What are the typical characteristics of Vintage Enduro events?

Vintage Enduro events combine off-road racing with long-distance touring, appealing to enthusiasts who appreciate the challenges and nostalgia of vintage motorcycles. These events often attract a dedicated community of riders and collectors.

What are some regulatory features common in Vintage Enduro motorcycles?

Vintage Enduro regulations often include specifications like air-cooled two-stroke engines, drum brakes, and kick starters. These features contribute to the nostalgic appeal and require riders to adapt their techniques accordingly.

How is a Hare Scramble race typically structured?

A Hare Scramble is a form of off-road motorcycle racing where contestants complete multiple laps around a marked course through rugged natural terrain. The length and duration of the race can vary, and the winner is determined by the highest average speed maintained throughout the event.

How do cross-country rally events differ from enduros in terms of scale and duration?

Cross-country rally events, also known as Rallye Raid or Rallye, are significantly larger than enduros. They typically involve larger bikes and take place over many days, covering hundreds of miles across primarily open off-road terrain.

What is the most famous example of a cross-country rally?

The most famous example of a cross-country rally is the Dakar Rally. Historically, it traveled from Western Europe to Dakar, Senegal, through the Sahara Desert, and has also been held in South America and currently takes place in Saudi Arabia.

What is the general definition of track racing in motorcycle sports?

Track racing involves teams or individuals racing opponents around an oval track. Different variants of track racing exist, each utilizing a distinct surface type.

What are the surface types used in indoor short track and TT racing?

Indoor short track and TT racing can take place on polished concrete floors treated with coke syrup for traction, or on dirt surfaces that are either moistened and hard-packed or left loose, often referred to as a 'cushion'.

How do U.S. flat-track events differ from indoor short tracks?

In the U.S., flat-track events are typically held on outdoor dirt ovals of varying lengths (mile, half-mile, short-tracks) and TT circuits. While some short-track events have been held indoors, the majority of U.S. flat-track racing occurs outdoors.

What defines a TT event in U.S. dirt track racing?

A TT (Tourist Trophy) event in U.S. dirt track racing can be of any length, but it must include at least one right-hand turn and at least one jump to qualify. These courses often feature more varied terrain than standard oval tracks.

What are the tire regulations for AMA Grand National Championship dirt track races?

For AMA Grand National Championship dirt track races, motorcycles are required to use 'Class C' tires, which are similar to street tires. Knobby tires are not permitted. On mile, half-mile, and short-track courses, only a rear brake is allowed, and all turns are to the left.

What is the purpose of the steel 'shoe' worn by flat track racers?

The steel 'shoe' worn by flat track racers is a fitted steel sole that straps onto the left boot. Its purpose is to allow the rider to slide their foot more easily and safely on the track surface when leaning the bike into corners, although riders can also perform 'feet-up slides' using throttle control and body lean alone.

What is the difference between 'groove' and 'cushion' tracks in dirt track racing?

'Groove' tracks are hard-packed surfaces that are ideally 'tacky' without being slick, and develop a 'blue groove' as tire rubber is laid down. 'Cushion' tracks are looser and sandier, allowing for more power-sliding into, through, and out of turns.

How do riders modify tires for cushion and groove dirt track races?

While the 'Class C' tires are the same for both cushion and groove tracks, riders are permitted to modify them by cutting some rubber off the tire grooves to improve traction. However, adding materials to the tires is not allowed.

What are the key features of Speedway racing bikes?

Speedway racing bikes are characterized by having a single gear and no brakes. They are used on flat oval tracks, typically made of dirt or shale.

How do Speedway riders utilize the track surface to their advantage?

Speedway riders use the dirt or shale surface to slide their machines sideways, a technique known as powersliding or broadsiding. They use the rear wheel to scrub off speed while simultaneously providing drive to power the bike through the bends.

How does Grasstrack racing differ from Speedway?

Grasstrack is essentially outdoor speedway, but with key differences. Grasstrack tracks are longer (400 meters or more), often on grass, and may feature elevation changes. Grasstrack bikes are similar to speedway bikes but typically have two gears and rear suspension, though they still lack brakes.

What is Ice speedway, and how does it compare to Speedway?

Ice speedway is the equivalent of Speedway racing but conducted on ice. Bikes race anti-clockwise around oval tracks, and metal tire spikes or screws are often used to enhance traction. The race structure and scoring are similar to traditional Speedway.

What was Board track racing, and when was it popular in the United States?

Board track racing was a type of track racing popular in the United States between the 1910s and 1920s. It was conducted on oval race courses constructed with wooden planks. By the early 1930s, this form of racing had fallen out of favor and become obsolete.

What is Auto Race, and where is it primarily found?

Auto Race is a Japanese version of track racing that takes place on an asphalt oval course. It is recognized as a gambling sport.

What is the objective in drag racing or sprints?

In drag racing or sprints, two participants line up at a dragstrip and accelerate down a straight, typically quarter-mile long, paved track. The objective is to reach the finish line first, with elapsed time and terminal speed being recorded.

What types of motorcycles compete in drag racing, and what is a notable variant?

Both 'regular' motorcycles and 'top fuel' motorcycles, which use Nitromethane, compete in drag racing. Top fuel motorcycles represent a high-performance variant of the sport.

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Overview

Definition

Motorcycle racing, also known as moto racing or motorbike racing, encompasses a wide array of competitive sports involving motorcycles. These disciplines span road racing on circuits or street courses, off-road racing across varied terrains, and specialized track racing.

Governing Body

The primary international governing body for motorcycle sport, including racing, is the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The FIM classifies motorcycle racing into four main categories, each with numerous sub-disciplines.

Origins

The sport's origins trace back to the late 19th century, with early forms of motorcycle racing emerging shortly after the invention of the motorcycle. While specific dates are subject to ongoing historical verification, competitive motorcycle events have a long and storied history.

Characteristics

Motorcycle racing is predominantly an outdoor sport. While many disciplines are open to all genders, specific events may have separate categories. The sport demands exceptional rider skill, machine reliability, and strategic acumen.

Road Racing

Traditional Road Racing

Historically, "road racing" referred to competitions held on public roads temporarily closed for the event. While few such circuits remain, prominent examples include the Isle of Man TT, North West 200, and Ulster Grand Prix, often characterized by long, challenging courses.

These events often feature mass-grid starts or time-trial formats. Countries like Ireland, the Netherlands, Finland, Spain, and Germany still host significant road races, maintaining a rich tradition of this demanding discipline.

Grand Prix (GP) Racing

Grand Prix motorcycle racing represents the premier category of road racing, featuring prototype machines. It is structured into distinct classes based on engine displacement and technical specifications.

Moto3: Features 250cc single-cylinder four-stroke engines, with rider age restrictions.
Moto2: Utilizes 600cc four-stroke engines, with Triumph engines powering the current generation.
MotoGP: The top tier, historically evolving from 500cc two-strokes to 990cc and currently 1000cc four-stroke prototype machines.

Superbike Racing

Superbike racing employs modified production motorcycles, adhering to strict homologation requirements. Engines typically range from 750cc to 1000cc for four-cylinder bikes and 800cc to 1200cc for twins, maintaining a visual resemblance to their road-legal counterparts.

Supersport Racing

Supersport racing also uses modified production motorcycles but with tighter regulations than superbikes. Machines are generally more standard, with engine capacities ranging from 250cc to 600cc for four-cylinder engines and 600cc to 750cc for twins.

Endurance Racing

This discipline tests the durability of both riders and machines over extended periods. Teams of multiple riders compete to cover vast distances, emphasizing reliability and sustained performance. Races can be set by distance or time, requiring meticulous pit strategy and rider endurance.

Sidecar Racing

Sidecar racing involves a rider and a passenger working in tandem. The passenger's weight distribution is critical for cornering performance. These machines are purpose-built, low, and long, differing significantly from solo motorcycles.

Off-Road Disciplines

Motocross (MX)

Motocross is a direct off-road equivalent to road racing, featuring multiple bikes competing on closed circuits constructed from dirt, sand, or mud. These tracks often incorporate natural or artificial jumps, demanding high rider skill and precise control.

Riders start en masse, often vying for the "holeshot" (leading into the first corner). Classes are segmented by engine displacement (e.g., 50cc youth to 450cc four-stroke), rider age, and ability. Events are typically won by the first rider to cross the finish line after a set number of laps or time.

Supercross (SX)

Supercross is essentially indoor motocross, characterized by highly technical and rhythmic tracks built within stadiums. It features numerous jumps and is particularly popular in North America, often leading to motocross being referred to as the "outdoors" discipline.

Supermoto

Supermoto is a hybrid discipline blending road racing and motocross. Motorcycles are typically motocross-based but fitted with road-racing tires. Tracks consist of mixed tarmac and dirt sections, demanding a unique riding style that includes sliding into corners.

Enduro

Enduro focuses on rider and machine endurance over challenging off-road courses, often spanning miles of varied terrain. Competitors aim to complete stages within precise target times, with penalties for early or late arrivals. Events can last several hours or days.

Hard Enduro: Pushes the limits with extremely demanding courses.
Vintage Enduro: Features classic motorcycles, requiring specific riding techniques and adherence to older regulations.
Hare Scramble: A shorter-course enduro variant, often involving multiple laps of rugged terrain.

Cross-Country Rally

These are extensive, multi-day events covering hundreds of miles, often through desert landscapes. Famous examples include the Dakar Rally. Competitors navigate using GPS and roadbooks, testing endurance, navigation skills, and machine reliability.

Track Racing

Indoor Short Track & TT

Competitions held on polished concrete (often with traction aids) or packed dirt surfaces within arenas. These tight tracks demand precise throttle control. In the US, similar events occur on outdoor dirt ovals (mile, half-mile, short-track) and TT courses, which must include at least one right turn.

Riders often use a steel "shoe" on their left boot for sliding through corners. Tracks can be "groove" (tacky, rubber-laid lines) or "cushion" (looser, sandier). Tires are regulated, often requiring specific "Class C" types, and front brakes may be prohibited on oval tracks.

Speedway

Speedway racing takes place on flat, oval tracks made of dirt or shale. Bikes are single-geared and have no brakes. Riders utilize powersliding (broadsiding) techniques, using the rear wheel to control speed while maintaining drive through bends.

Grasstrack

An outdoor variant of speedway, Grasstrack features longer tracks, often on grass surfaces, and can include elevation changes. The machinery is similar to speedway bikes but may include two gears and rear suspension. It is also known as "Long Track" at the world level.

Ice Speedway

This discipline is the ice-based equivalent of speedway. Bikes race anti-clockwise on oval tracks, typically using metal tire spikes or screws for enhanced traction. The race structure and scoring mirror traditional speedway.

Board Track Racing

Popular in the early 20th century in the United States, board track racing was conducted on oval courses surfaced with wooden planks. By the 1930s, this form of racing had largely fallen into obsolescence.

Auto Race

A Japanese form of track racing held on asphalt oval courses, primarily recognized as a gambling sport. It involves motorcycles racing on a paved circuit, often with a focus on betting.

Other Categories

Drag Racing/Sprints

In drag racing, two participants accelerate down a straight, typically quarter-mile, track. The objective is to reach the finish line first. Sprints are races against the clock, often held on disused airstrips or promenades, focusing on pure acceleration.

Records in sprinting require two runs in opposite directions within an hour to negate wind effects. UK sprinting evolved into drag racing, with permanent tracks like Santa Pod Raceway established in 1966. The distinction lies in sprinting being a race against time, while drag racing is a direct contest between competitors.

Hill Climb

Hill climbing involves a single rider attempting to ascend a hill in the fastest time or reach the furthest point. Events can be on tarmac or off-road, testing the rider's ability to maintain momentum and control on steep gradients.

Landspeed Racing

In this discipline, racers aim to achieve the highest speed over a timed mile. Events like the Bonneville Salt Flats trials classify motorcycles by body style, engine size, and fuel type, pushing the boundaries of mechanical and aerodynamic performance.

Vintage Racing

Vintage racing allows riders to compete on classic motorcycles that are no longer competitive in modern classes. Events are organized by production period and engine displacement, often requiring adherence to period-specific equipment, though modern safety gear and tires are permitted.

Motorcycles must generally be at least 25 years old. Sanctioning bodies like AHRMA and CRMC in the US, and BHRC and CRMC in the UK, manage these events, catering to enthusiasts of historical machinery and racing eras.

Super Hooligan

Emerging from informal "run what you brung" races at flat track events, Super Hooligan racing typically features large V-twin motorcycles. It has evolved into an official series, often serving as entertainment at bike shows and major motorsport events.

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References

Motor Cycle Racing, Peter Carrick, 1970, Hamlyn, 'Sprinting', pp.120â121. Accessed 1 April 2017

Motor Cycle, 6 October 1966, pp.472â473. Brown's Record Swan Song. Accessed 8 April 2017

A full list of references for this article are available at the Motorcycle racing Wikipedia page

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Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This is not professional motorsport advice. The information provided on this website is not a substitute for professional advice regarding motorcycle mechanics, racing techniques, or event regulations. Always consult official sources and qualified professionals for specific guidance.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

The Apex of Speed

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Overview 🏁

🏍️ Definition

🏆 Governing Body

🗓️ Origins

⚙️ Characteristics

Road Racing 🛣️

🏛️ Traditional Road Racing

🚦 Grand Prix (GP) Racing

🏎️ Superbike Racing

⚡ Supersport Racing

endurance Endurance Racing

🛞 Sidecar Racing

Off-Road Disciplines ⛰️

🏞️ Motocross (MX)

🏟️ Supercross (SX)

🔄 Supermoto

⏳ Enduro

🗺️ Cross-Country Rally

Track Racing 🏟️

💡 Indoor Short Track & TT

💨 Speedway

🌿 Grasstrack

🧊 Ice Speedway

🪵 Board Track Racing

🇯🇵 Auto Race

Other Categories ⚙️

🏁 Drag Racing/Sprints

⛰️ Hill Climb

🚀 Landspeed Racing

🕰️ Vintage Racing

🤘 Super Hooligan

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Overview

Definition

Governing Body

Origins

Characteristics

Road Racing

Traditional Road Racing

Grand Prix (GP) Racing

Superbike Racing

Supersport Racing

Endurance Racing

Sidecar Racing

Off-Road Disciplines

Motocross (MX)

Supercross (SX)

Supermoto

Enduro

Cross-Country Rally

Track Racing

Indoor Short Track & TT

Speedway

Grasstrack

Ice Speedway

Board Track Racing

Auto Race

Other Categories

Drag Racing/Sprints

Hill Climb

Landspeed Racing

Vintage Racing

Super Hooligan

Teacher's Corner

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References

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Important Notice