Who was Nikolaus von der Nonne, and what were his primary professional roles?

Nikolaus von der Nonne was a Russian engineer of ethnic German origin. He served as an urban engineer for Baku and held the position of Mayor of Baku from November 4, 1898, to March 21, 1901.

When and where was Nikolaus von der Nonne born, and when did he pass away?

Nikolaus von der Nonne was born on June 16, 1836, in Saint Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire. He died on August 13, 1908, at the age of 72, in Tiflis, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire.

What was Nikolaus von der Nonne's ethnic background and religious affiliation?

Nikolaus von der Nonne was of ethnic German origin. His father was a German nobleman, and his mother belonged to a baronial family. He adhered to Lutheranism.

Who were Nikolaus von der Nonne's parents, and what was his father's origin?

His father was Johann Georg August Ernst von der Nonne, a German nobleman originally from Bodenwerder, Lower Saxony. His mother was Anna von Tornau.

Did Nikolaus von der Nonne have any notable siblings, and what was their profession?

Yes, he had several siblings, including Michael von der Nonne, who was the urban architect of Yerevan.

Where did Nikolaus von der Nonne receive his early military education?

Nikolaus von der Nonne was educated in the First Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg, a military school for young men.

What was Nikolaus von der Nonne's first military assignment after being promoted to officer?

After being promoted to officer on June 11, 1855, he was assigned to the 6th Sapper Battalion, which was actively participating in the Crimean War and the siege of Sevastopol at that time.

In which significant military conflicts did Nikolaus von der Nonne participate?

Nikolaus von der Nonne participated in the Crimean War, specifically the siege of Sevastopol, and later in the Caucasian War, a series of conflicts between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the Caucasus.

What award did Nikolaus von der Nonne receive during his military career, and for what achievement?

He received the Order of St. George (4th class) on September 8, 1859, as a poruchik (a junior officer rank), for his efforts in building bridges during the siege of the village of Shauri.

What ranks did Nikolaus von der Nonne hold during his military service?

He held various ranks throughout his military career, including officer, poruchik, staff captain, captain, lieutenant colonel, and eventually colonel.

What administrative roles did Nikolaus von der Nonne hold within the Caucasian Army's engineering department?

He served as adjutant of the 1st Caucasian Sapper Battalion, acting head of the department of the staff of the chief engineer of the Military Engineering Department of the Caucasian Army, and senior adjutant to the chief engineer of the District Engineering Department.

What was Nikolaus von der Nonne's involvement with the Viceroy of the Caucasus's administration?

At the end of 1869, von der Nonne was assigned to the Main Administration of the Viceroy of the Caucasus and seconded to the Construction and Road Committee under the same administration, indicating his role in infrastructure development.

What was Nikolaus von der Nonne's responsibility regarding roads between 1873 and 1880?

From 1873 to 1877, he was a lieutenant colonel in charge of the Tiflis–New-Agstafa road. Subsequently, from 1878 to 1880, he served as head of the Tiflis–Gombori–Telavi Road of the Highway Administration.

When did Nikolaus von der Nonne transition to civilian administrative service in Baku, and what was his initial position?

In August 1883, von der Nonne transferred to service in the city duma, the municipal council, where he was appointed chief urban engineer at the Baku city government.

What leadership role did Nikolaus von der Nonne assume within the Russian Technical Society's Baku branch?

On January 18, 1884, he was elected chairman of the Baku branch of the Russian Technical Society, an organization dedicated to promoting technical and industrial development.

How did Nikolaus von der Nonne contribute to the congress of oil industrialists in October 1884?

He participated in preparing the economic aspects of the congress of oil industrialists and presented a report at the congress specifically on the improvement of Black City, an industrial area in Baku.

What significant public health issue did Nikolaus von der Nonne actively address as Baku's city engineer?

He became the first city engineer of Baku to actively address the critical issue of the city's sanitation and developed a project for creating a city sewage system, which was a major public health concern.

What was the focus of Nikolaus von der Nonne's first report to the Russian Technical Society in March 1884?

His first report focused on the connection between the development of epidemics and soil pollution in Baku. He presented a detailed picture of the sanitary condition of Baku, discussing existing sewage removal methods and potential improvements.

What was the outcome of the discussion following von der Nonne's sanitation report in March 1884?

The discussion concluded that a comprehensive sewage project would only be feasible after accurate data on the urban population size was collected, highlighting the need for thorough planning.

What specific work did von der Nonne present to the joint sanitary commission in August 1884?

In August 1884, at a meeting of the joint sanitary commission, he presented an interesting work: a plan of Baku that detailed all branches of the city's drainage ditches, noting that they were laid without any systematic approach.

Why was Nikolaus von der Nonne dismissed from service in November 1884?

He was dismissed from service for domestic reasons, receiving a uniform and a pension by Imperial Order on November 18, 1884.

What notable report on sewerage did Nikolaus von der Nonne prepare at Ludwig Nobel's suggestion?

At the suggestion of Ludwig Nobel, a prominent industrialist, he prepared a report titled 'Sanitation of Baku by means of sewerage,' which he presented on May 31, 1884, at a meeting of the Technical Society.

What were some of the civil engineering projects Nikolaus von der Nonne participated in or oversaw?

He participated in the construction of three barracks at the Mikhailovskaya Hospital, a disinfection chamber, an oil storage facility for the 'Caspian Partnership' with a capacity of up to one million poods, and the building of the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium.

For what specific innovation at the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium did Nikolaus von der Nonne receive an official commendation?

He received an official commendation for installing one of the first model water closets in Baku at the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium, demonstrating an early focus on modern sanitation facilities.

What significant building in Baku did Nikolaus von der Nonne design and construct between 1885 and 1887?

From July 1885 to 1887, he prepared the project, plan, and built the building of the Baku Society of Mutual Credit, which has survived to this day.

Which prominent building in Baku, now housing the State Museum of Fine Arts of Azerbaijan, was designed by von der Nonne?

He developed and approved the project for a building known in the city as the Palace of De Boure on August 31, 1888. This building currently houses the State Museum of Fine Arts of Azerbaijan.

Whom did Nikolaus von der Nonne personally meet during a significant visit to Baku in October 1888?

He personally met Alexander III, the Emperor of Russia, during the emperor's visit to Baku from October 8-10, 1888.

Beyond specific buildings, what other urban development projects did von der Nonne supervise in Baku?

He supervised the construction of the embankment, created a plan for rebuilding the Real School building, headed a special commission for the search for fresh water in Absheron by engineer Otto Lenz, determined disputed areas of city land as an expert, and oversaw the paving of 50,000 fathoms of streets by contract and 17,000 by economic means.

When did Nikolaus von der Nonne initially petition to leave city service, and when did he actually depart?

He submitted a petition to the city government to dismiss him due to illness on September 15, 1894, but he officially left the city service in October 1894.

What was Nikolaus von der Nonne's primary occupation after leaving city service in 1894?

After leaving city service in 1894, von der Nonne engaged in private activities, focusing on planning and constructing many different buildings in Baku.

What personal construction project did von der Nonne undertake in 1895?

In 1895, he built himself a modest one-story building containing five apartments.

What major urban planning document was Nikolaus von der Nonne tasked with creating for Baku in 1897?

At the beginning of 1897, the City Duma asked him to draw up a general plan for the city of Baku, a comprehensive blueprint for its development.

When was Nikolaus von der Nonne's general plan for Baku completed and officially approved?

The plan was completed by October 1898 and approved by the planning commission. After additions by the Construction Department of the Baku Provincial Government, it was approved by Baku governor Rogge. The 'Plan of the existing and projected layout of the provincial city of Baku with an indication of the proposed regulation and expansion (1898–1900)' was officially approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Civil Part in the Caucasus, Grigory Golitsyn, on January 18, 1899.

What was a key characteristic of Baku's urban layout north of the fortress by the time von der Nonne developed his general plan?

By the time of the general plan's development in 1898, the quarters located to the north of the Baku fortress were already implemented in the form of a clear rectangular grid, indicating a degree of organized development.

How significantly did von der Nonne's general plan propose to expand Baku's planned area?

According to von der Nonne's plan, the projected area was designed to double the city's existing planned area, indicating a vision for significant urban growth.

When was Nikolaus von der Nonne elected and confirmed as the Mayor of Baku?

He was elected as the head of the City Duma in October 1898 and confirmed in this position for a four-year term by Grigory Golitsyn on October 30, 1898. He officially took up the position of city mayor on November 4.

What other civic and judicial roles did Nikolaus von der Nonne hold during his time as Mayor?

During his tenure as Mayor, he was also an honorary Justice of the Peace in 1901, Chairman of the Provincial Prison Committee, and a member of various commissions and societies, including those for animal protection.

Why did Nikolaus von der Nonne resign from his position as City Mayor?

He submitted his resignation from the position of City Mayor due to illness on February 28, 1901, which was publicly announced at a city duma meeting on March 1, 1901.

Where was Nikolaus von der Nonne buried after his death in Tiflis?

After his death in Tiflis, Nikolaus von der Nonne was buried in Stavropol, next to his parents.

What literary works did Maria Pavlovna von der Nonne, Nikolaus's wife, author?

She wrote several plays, including 'Not All That Glitters Is Gold' (1884), 'Grandmother's Stories' (1890), and 'Trifles' (1894).

Did Nikolaus von der Nonne have any notable in-laws in public service?

Yes, his wife's sister, Ekaterina Pavlovna, was married to Major General Ivan Kognowicki, who was a military engineer and the City Mayor of Elizavetpol.

What was the profession of Nikolaus von der Nonne's eldest son, Nikolai?

His eldest son, Nikolai von der Nonne (born March 4, 1862), was a colonel of the Imperial Russian Army.

What was Konstantin von der Nonne's profession, and when did he die?

Konstantin von der Nonne worked in the Office of the Transcaucasian Railway and died on December 20, 1917.

Who was Maria von der Nonne married to, and what was her husband's military rank?

Maria von der Nonne was married to Vladimir Chikalin, who held the military rank of lieutenant-general in the Imperial Russian Army.

What does the image caption 'Von der Nonne in 1890s' depict?

The source material includes an image that depicts Nikolaus von der Nonne as he appeared during the 1890s.

What does the image caption 'Von der Nonne on Azerbaijan stamp, 2016' indicate?

The source material references an image of Nikolaus von der Nonne featured on an Azerbaijan stamp that was issued in 2016, commemorating his significance.

What does the image caption 'Palace of De Bour, 1930' refer to?

The source material includes an image of the Palace of De Bour, taken in 1930, a significant building in Baku whose project was approved by von der Nonne.

What does the image caption 'City plan of Baku 1898 as drawn by Nonne' illustrate?

The source material presents an image illustrating the city plan of Baku from 1898, which was meticulously drawn by Nikolaus von der Nonne as part of his urban development efforts.

Nikolaus Von Der Nonne Wiki: Nikolaus von der Nonne: Architect of Progress in Imperial Russia

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Overview

A Life of Service and Innovation

Nikolaus August Ernst von der Nonne (1836–1908) was a distinguished Russian engineer of German heritage whose career spanned significant military service and transformative civic leadership. He is particularly renowned for his pivotal role as the urban engineer of Baku and later as its mayor from 1898 to 1901, during a period of rapid industrial and urban expansion in the Russian Empire.

Roots and Heritage

Born on June 16, 1836, in the Saint Petersburg Governorate, Russian Empire, von der Nonne hailed from a notable lineage. His father, Johann Georg August Ernst von der Nonne, was a German nobleman from Bodenwerder, Lower Saxony, while his mother, Anna, belonged to the baronial von Tornau family. Adhering to Lutheranism, his background provided a unique blend of German precision and Russian opportunity. He was one of several siblings, including Michael von der Nonne, who also achieved prominence as Yerevan's urban architect.

Key Dates

His life was marked by significant milestones:

1836: Born in Saint Petersburg Governorate.
1855: Commissioned as an officer, participating in the Crimean War.
1859: Awarded the Order of St. George for military engineering feats.
1883: Appointed Chief Urban Engineer of Baku.
1898: Elected Mayor of Baku.
1901: Resigned from mayoralty due to illness.
1908: Passed away in Tiflis at the age of 72.

Early Life & Education

Formative Years

Nikolaus von der Nonne received his foundational education at the prestigious First Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg. This rigorous military academy provided him with a robust grounding in engineering and strategic thinking, which would prove invaluable throughout his diverse career. His early training instilled a discipline and technical proficiency that characterized his later professional endeavors.

Initial Military Engagements

Upon graduating, von der Nonne was commissioned as an officer on June 11, 1855, and assigned to the 6th Sapper Battalion. This assignment immediately thrust him into the crucible of the Crimean War, where his battalion was actively involved in the historic Siege of Sevastopol. His participation in this major conflict provided him with practical experience in military engineering under challenging conditions.

Distinguished Military Career

Service in the Caucasus

Following the Crimean War, von der Nonne was transferred to military service in the Caucasus in 1856, where he actively participated in the Caucasian War. His engineering skills were particularly recognized during this period, leading to significant commendations.

Order of St. George (4th Class): Awarded on September 8, 1859, for his exceptional work as a poruchik in constructing bridges during the siege of the village of Shauri. This decoration underscored his bravery and engineering prowess under combat conditions.
Progressive Promotions: His career saw steady advancement through the ranks:
- Staff Captain (1864–1865)
- Captain (1869)
- Engineer-Captain (1870–1873)
- Lieutenant Colonel (1873–1877)
- Colonel (1880)

Engineering Leadership

Throughout his military tenure, von der Nonne held various critical engineering and administrative roles within the Caucasian Army and the broader military engineering department. These positions honed his organizational and project management skills, preparing him for future civilian leadership.

Adjutant, 1st Caucasian Sapper Battalion: Served from 1864 to 1865.
Acting Head of Department: Managed a department within the staff of the chief engineer of the Military Engineering Department of the Caucasian Army.
Senior Adjutant: For the chief engineer of the District Engineering Department (1866–1868).
Secondment to Construction and Road Committee: Assigned to the Main Administration of the Viceroy of the Caucasus at the end of 1869, focusing on infrastructure development.
Road Management: Led the Tiflis–New-Agstafa road project (1873–1877) and later the Tiflis–Gombori–Telavi Road (1878–1880), demonstrating his expertise in large-scale civil engineering.

Transition to Civic Leadership

From Military to Municipal

In 1881, Colonel von der Nonne transitioned from military engineering to civilian administration, accepting the role of provincial engineer within the Construction Department of the Provincial Board of the Baku Governorate. This marked a significant shift, leveraging his extensive engineering background for urban development.

Chief Urban Engineer of Baku

By August 1883, his expertise led to his appointment as the Chief Urban Engineer at the Baku city government. In this capacity, he became a central figure in shaping the rapidly industrializing city. His leadership extended to academic and professional societies, as evidenced by his election as chairman of the Baku branch of the Russian Technical Society in January 1884.

Engaging with Industry

Baku at this time was a burgeoning oil hub. Von der Nonne actively engaged with the city's dominant industry, participating in the congress of oil industrialists in October 1884. He presented a crucial report on the improvement of the "Black City," an industrial district, highlighting his commitment to integrating industrial growth with urban welfare. He also championed the publication of scientific notes by the Russian Technical Society, though this initiative faced financial constraints.

Pioneering Urban Planning

Sanitation and Public Health

One of von der Nonne's most significant contributions was his pioneering work in addressing Baku's critical sanitation issues. He was the first city engineer to actively pursue a comprehensive solution, recognizing the direct link between urban hygiene and public health.

Sewage System Project: He developed a groundbreaking project for a city-wide sewage system. His initial report in March 1884 to the Russian Technical Society detailed the sanitary conditions of Baku, the existing rudimentary sewage removal methods, and proposed improvements.
"Sanitation of Baku by Means of Sewerage": Despite a brief dismissal from service in November 1884 for domestic reasons, he continued his vital work. At the suggestion of Ludwig Nobel, he prepared this seminal report, presented in May 1884, which laid the intellectual groundwork for modern sanitation in Baku.
Joint Sanitary Commission: In June 1884, he chaired a newly formed Joint Sanitary Commission under the Russian Technical Society, demonstrating his continued influence and commitment to public health.

The 1898 Baku City Plan

A crowning achievement in his urban planning career was the development of the general plan for the city of Baku between 1897 and 1898. This comprehensive blueprint guided the city's expansion and modernization for decades.

Scope and Approval: The "Plan of the existing and projected layout of the provincial city of Baku with an indication of the proposed regulation and expansion (1898–1900)" was completed by October 1898, approved by the planning commission, the Baku governor Rogge, and ultimately by Commander-in-Chief Grigory Golitsyn in January 1899.
Urban Transformation: This ambitious plan effectively doubled the city's planned area, providing a structured framework for future growth. It built upon the existing clear rectangular grid of quarters north of the Baku fortress, ensuring systematic development.
Infrastructure Development: Under his supervision, significant infrastructure projects were undertaken, including the construction of the embankment, the rebuilding plan for the Real School building, and the paving of over 67,000 fathoms of streets. He also led a commission to search for fresh water in Absheron, a critical resource for the growing city.

Architectural Legacy

Notable Constructions

Beyond his strategic urban planning, von der Nonne was a prolific architect and civil engineer, responsible for designing and overseeing the construction of numerous significant buildings in Baku. His work contributed substantially to the city's architectural landscape.

Mikhailovskaya Hospital: Involved in the construction of three barracks (or buildings) at this hospital.
Disinfection Chamber: A crucial public health facility.
Oil Storage Facility: For the "Caspian Partnership," with a substantial capacity of up to one million poods, reflecting Baku's industrial character.
Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium: Notably, he installed one of the first model water closets in Baku here, earning him an official commendation for his innovative approach to modern amenities.
Baku Society of Mutual Credit Building: From 1885 to 1887, he prepared the project, plan, and oversaw the construction of this building, which remains extant today.
Palace of De Boure: In August 1888, he developed and approved the project for this grand building, which now houses the State Museum of Fine Arts of Azerbaijan.

He was also the architect and builder of many other private and state buildings across the city, leaving an indelible mark on Baku's urban fabric.

Imperial Recognition

His contributions to Baku's development did not go unnoticed at the highest levels. He personally met Emperor Alexander III during the monarch's visit to Baku between October 8-10, 1888, a testament to his standing and the importance of his work to the Imperial administration.

Mayor of Baku

Ascent to Civic Leadership

In October 1898, Nikolaus von der Nonne's distinguished service and deep understanding of Baku's needs led to his election as the head of the City Duma. His appointment as City Mayor for a four-year term was subsequently confirmed by Grigory Golitsyn, the Commander-in-Chief of the Civil Part in the Caucasus. He officially assumed the mayoral office on November 4, 1898.

Broader Public Service

During his tenure as mayor, von der Nonne's responsibilities extended beyond urban planning and administration. He also served as an honorary Justice of the Peace in 1901 and was the Chairman of the Provincial Prison Committee. Furthermore, he was an active member of various commissions and societies, including those dedicated to animal protection, reflecting a broad commitment to public welfare.

Resignation and Later Years

Despite his dedication, von der Nonne's health began to decline, impacting his ability to fulfill his demanding duties. This led to some dissatisfaction among members of the City Duma. On February 28, 1901, he submitted his resignation from the position of City Mayor, which was publicly announced at a city duma meeting on March 1, 1901. He subsequently moved to Tiflis with his wife in 1903, where he passed away on August 13, 1908, at the age of 72. He was laid to rest in Stavropol, alongside his parents.

Family Life

Marriage and Partnership

Nikolaus von der Nonne was married to Maria Pavlovna von der Nonne (née Bashinjaghova), an ethnic Armenian from Tiflis. Their union represented a blend of cultures within the diverse Russian Empire. Maria Pavlovna was herself a notable figure, recognized for her literary contributions as a playwright.

Not All That Glitters Is Gold (Russian: Не все золото, что блестит, 1884)
Grandmother's Stories (Russian: Бабушкины рассказы, 1890)
Trifles (Russian: Пустяки, 1894)

Her sister, Ekaterina Pavlovna, was married to Major General Ivan Kognowicki, a military engineer and City Mayor of Elizavetpol, further illustrating the family's connections to both military and civic leadership.

Descendants

Nikolaus and Maria Pavlovna von der Nonne had several children, continuing their family's legacy of service and contribution:

Nikolai von der Nonne (1862–1919): Followed in his father's military footsteps, becoming a colonel in the Imperial Russian Army. He married Olga Belkina.
Vladimir von der Nonne (born 1872).
Konstantin von der Nonne (died 1917): Worked in the Office of the Transcaucasian Railway, contributing to the region's vital infrastructure.
Zoa von der Nonne.
Maria von der Nonne: Married Vladimir Chikalin (born 1853), who rose to the rank of lieutenant-general in the Imperial Russian Army.

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References

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Nikolaus von der Nonne: Architect of Progress in Imperial Russia

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 📜

👤 A Life of Service and Innovation

🌍 Roots and Heritage

🗓️ Key Dates

Early Life & Education 🎓

📚 Formative Years

⚔️ Initial Military Engagements

Distinguished Military Career 🎖️

🛡️ Service in the Caucasus

⚙️ Engineering Leadership

Transition to Civic Leadership 🏙️

➡️ From Military to Municipal

👨‍💼 Chief Urban Engineer of Baku

🛢️ Engaging with Industry

Pioneering Urban Planning 🗺️

💧 Sanitation and Public Health

📏 The 1898 Baku City Plan

Architectural Legacy 🏗️

🏛️ Notable Constructions

👑 Imperial Recognition

Mayor of Baku 🗳️

📈 Ascent to Civic Leadership

⚖️ Broader Public Service

📉 Resignation and Later Years

Family Life 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

❤️ Marriage and Partnership

👨‍👧‍👦 Descendants

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

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References

📜 References

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Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

A Life of Service and Innovation

Roots and Heritage

Key Dates

Early Life & Education

Formative Years

Initial Military Engagements

Distinguished Military Career

Service in the Caucasus

Engineering Leadership

Transition to Civic Leadership

From Military to Municipal

Chief Urban Engineer of Baku

Engaging with Industry

Pioneering Urban Planning

Sanitation and Public Health

The 1898 Baku City Plan

Architectural Legacy

Notable Constructions

Imperial Recognition

Mayor of Baku

Ascent to Civic Leadership

Broader Public Service

Resignation and Later Years

Family Life

Marriage and Partnership

Descendants

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice