What is Peacham, Vermont, and what was its population according to the 2020 census?

Peacham is a town located in Caledonia County, Vermont, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was recorded as 715 residents.

When was Peacham chartered, by whom, and what is known about the origin of its name?

Peacham was chartered in 1763 by Governor Benning Wentworth of New Hampshire. The specific etymology or origin of the name 'Peacham' remains unclear according to the provided text.

Who were the initial proprietors of Peacham, and what actions did they take?

The original proprietors of Peacham were speculators who were granted the charter for the region. Their initial actions involved surveying the town, constructing a few basic roads, and dividing the land into lots, although the territory remained unsettled for a period.

When did settlers begin to establish homes in Peacham, and from which regions did they primarily come?

Settlers began to buy lots and build homes in Peacham in 1775. These early residents primarily came from the colonies of Connecticut and Massachusetts, seeking to develop the land for agriculture.

How did the early settlers of Peacham sustain themselves, given the challenging environment?

The original settlers of Peacham relied almost entirely on subsistence farming to survive. This was despite facing long winters, hilly terrain, and rocky soil, indicating a strong reliance on self-sufficiency.

When was the first town meeting held in Peacham, and what administrative step was taken?

The first recorded town meeting in Peacham took place in 1784. During this meeting, selectmen were officially elected to manage and govern the town's affairs.

What significant choice did Peacham face regarding county institutions, and what was the community's decision?

Peacham was presented with a choice between hosting either the county courthouse or the county school. The residents of Peacham voted in favor of establishing the county school.

When was the Caledonia County Grammar School chartered, and where was its initial location?

The Caledonia County Grammar School received its charter in 1795. The first school was established in a log structure situated on the Bayley Hazen Road, located midway between Peacham Corner and South Peacham.

Describe the establishment and early operation of the library in Peacham.

A library was established in Peacham in 1799. Initially, it did not have a fixed location and operated by traveling from one store to another within the town, serving as a circulating collection of books.

When was the congregational church founded in Peacham, and who was its notable first pastor?

The congregational church in Peacham was founded in 1794. Its first pastor was Leonard Worcester, who was recognized for delivering fiery sermons.

What was the significance of Leonard Worcester's son, Samuel Worcester, in relation to the Cherokee people?

Samuel Worcester, son of Leonard Worcester, became an important missionary to the Cherokee people. He is credited with creating the first typeface for the Cherokee alphabet and gained significant recognition as the plaintiff in the landmark Supreme Court case, *Worcester v. Georgia*.

Beyond basic trade, what items did early Peacham residents produce and sell to supplement their income?

In addition to trading goods like butter, eggs, and wheat, early Peacham residents augmented their income by producing and selling items such as whiskey and potash. These products helped compensate for relatively poor harvests and limited local resources.

What diverse range of industries flourished in Peacham during its early development?

Peacham supported a variety of trades and industries, with as many as 30 to 35 operating at any given time. These included lumbering, coopering (barrel making), milling, butter production, tinware manufacturing, and tanneries for leather goods, serving both local consumption and trade.

What agricultural practice became particularly profitable in Peacham between 1800 and 1830?

Between 1800 and 1830, sheep farming emerged as a more profitable agricultural endeavor in Peacham compared to growing crops. This focus on sheep husbandry likely contributed to the town's growth during that period.

When did Peacham reach its peak population, and what was the recorded number of residents at that time?

Peacham achieved its greatest population in the year 1840. At that time, the town's census recorded a total of 1,443 residents.

What changes occurred in Peacham's agriculture and population trends after 1840?

Following 1840, Peacham's population began a steady decline. This coincided with a shift in farming methods, where dairy farming gradually replaced sheep farming, and larger, more industrialized farms emerged that could not support large families, leading to youth leaving the town.

How did Peacham's population and agricultural landscape evolve during the 20th century?

During the 20th century, Peacham's population continued its decline, reaching a low point in the mid-600s. Farming became less prevalent due to competition from larger dairy operations in the West, leading to farm consolidation or closure.

In what ways did tourism become significant for Peacham in the 20th century?

Tourism gained importance in Peacham during the 20th century as residents opened their homes to visitors from urban areas along the Atlantic seaboard, who were sometimes referred to as 'flatlanders.' The advent of railroads and later automobiles made Peacham more accessible, attracting summer residents and vacationers.

Who were some of the notable intellectuals and liberal thinkers who owned homes in Peacham in the latter half of the 20th century?

In the second half of the 20th century, Peacham became a popular vacation and retirement spot for prominent intellectuals and liberal thinkers. Notable individuals who owned houses in the town included David Dellinger, William Lederer, Roman Jakobson, and historian Shepard Clough, whose presence enriched the town's cultural life.

What is the total area of Peacham, Vermont, and how much of it is comprised of water?

Peacham, Vermont, has a total area of 47.7 square miles (123.5 km²). Of this total area, 1.0 square mile (2.7 km²), which constitutes 2.18%, is covered by water.

What is the highest elevation point within Peacham, Vermont?

The highest point in Peacham is the summit of Cow Hill, which reaches an elevation of 2,566 feet (782 meters) and is located near the northern corner of the town.

What was the population of Peacham in 2010, and what was the population density?

In 2010, Peacham had a population of 732 people. The population density at that time was approximately 15.7 people per square mile (6.1 per square kilometer).

Describe the racial and ethnic makeup of Peacham's population in 2010.

According to the 2010 census, Peacham's population was predominantly White, making up 98.0% of residents. Other reported racial groups included 0.4% African American, 0.5% Native American or Alaska Native, 0.1% from another race, and 1.0% identifying with two or more races. Additionally, 0.4% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino.

What were the characteristics of households in Peacham in 2010 regarding family structure and size?

In 2010, 25.8% of Peacham households included children under 18. Approximately 28.8% of households were non-families, and 25.1% consisted of individuals living alone. The average household size was 2.45 people, and the average family size was 2.90 people.

What was the median age in Peacham in 2010, and how did the age distribution appear?

The median age in Peacham in 2010 was 48.5 years, indicating a relatively older population. Notably, 17.4% of the population was 65 years or older, with a significant portion (13.1%) aged between 25 and 44, and 34.7% between 45 and 64.

What were the estimated median incomes for households and families in Peacham for the 2007-2011 period?

For the period of 2007-2011, the estimated median annual income for a household in Peacham was $62,344. The median income for a family during the same period was higher, estimated at $81,719.

What was the poverty rate in Peacham between 2007 and 2011, particularly for those aged 65 and over?

Between 2007 and 2011, approximately 5.4% of Peacham's population was living below the poverty line. This included 1.7% of families and a notably higher rate of 15.0% among individuals aged 65 and over.

When was the Peacham Historical Association established, and what is its role?

The Peacham Historical Association (PHA) was founded in 1916. Its primary role is to preserve records and chronicle the town's history, maintaining archives that date back to 1776.

How did the Peacham Library evolve from its founding in 1810 to its current state?

Founded in 1810 initially as a resource for the Caledonia County Grammar School's debating team, the Peacham Library operated without a fixed location for its first century, moving between stores. The first dedicated building was purchased in 1909 but burned down in 1959. The current library building was constructed on the same site in 1960 and subsequently enlarged in 2001. It now holds over 9,200 volumes and serves more than 500 patrons.

What annual cultural events are held in Peacham?

Peacham hosts several annual events, including the Peacham Acoustic Music Festival, which began in 2011 and typically occurs in mid-August. Other yearly celebrations include the Fall Foliage event and July 4 festivities, which traditionally feature a tractor parade.

What recognition did Peacham receive from *Yankee* magazine in 2005?

In September 2005, *Yankee* magazine designated Peacham as the 'Best New England Village.' The magazine praised the town, stating that 'Of all the villages in New England, Peacham (population 665) is unsurpassed.'

Which specific structures in Peacham are listed on the National Register of Historic Places?

Several sites in Peacham are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These include Elkins Tavern, noted as the oldest structure in town, the Peacham Corner Historic District, the Josiah and Lydia Shedd Farmstead, and New Discovery State Park.

What is the Ashbel Goodenough Blacksmith Shop, and what is its significance?

The Ashbel Goodenough Blacksmith Shop is a preserved 19th-century blacksmith shop that has been restored by the Peacham Historical Association. It is notable for featuring a working wooden forge, offering a glimpse into historical craftsmanship.

What was Ski-Tow Hill in Peacham, and during what years was it operational?

Ski-Tow Hill was a facility operational in Peacham during the years 1960 to 1976, likely serving as a local ski area or recreational spot.

What is Peacham Bog, and what is its approximate size?

Peacham Bog is a significant natural feature covering approximately 748 acres (3.03 km²) within the town of Peacham.

What is the historical significance of the Civil War Soldiers Monument in Peacham?

The Civil War Soldiers Monument in Peacham serves as a memorial to the town's residents who fought in the American Civil War. It specifically lists the names of 42 men from Peacham who died during the conflict.

What is the current educational institution operated by the town of Peacham?

The town of Peacham currently operates Peacham Elementary School, serving the educational needs of the community's younger students.

Which former educational institutions in Peacham have since closed?

Several schools in Peacham have ceased operations. These include Peacham Academy (formerly the Caledonia County Grammar School, closed in 1971), the Yellow School House, the Three Corners School House, and the East Peacham School House. The Stevens School also operated in Peacham before relocating to Lyndonville.

Can you list some of the films that have been shot in Peacham, Vermont?

Peacham has served as a filming location for several movies. These include the 1987 film *A Return to Salem's Lot*, *Ethan Frome* (1993), *Where the Rivers Flow North* (1993), and *The Spitfire Grill* (1996).

Who was William Chamberlain, and what was his connection to Peacham?

William Chamberlain was a notable figure in American politics, serving as a U.S. Congressman. While the text doesn't explicitly state his direct connection to Peacham beyond being a notable person, his inclusion in the list suggests a historical link or residence.

What were the various public service and political roles held by Alexander Dunnett?

Alexander Dunnett held several significant positions, including U.S. Attorney for Vermont, President of the Vermont Bar Association, Vermont State Senator, and Caledonia County State's Attorney.

What is the significance of Thaddeus Stevens' connection to Peacham?

Thaddeus Stevens, a prominent abolitionist and politician, was born in the neighboring town of Danville, Vermont. He attended school at the Caledonia County Grammar School in Peacham, establishing an educational link to the town.

Who was Samuel Worcester, and what were his key contributions?

Samuel Worcester, born in Peacham, was a missionary to the Cherokee people. He is recognized for creating the first typeface for the Cherokee alphabet and for being the plaintiff in the significant Supreme Court case *Worcester v. Georgia*.

Identify some notable individuals who retired to or owned summer homes in Peacham, and mention their backgrounds.

Peacham has been home to several notable figures. These include Harry G. Barnes, Jr. (US ambassador), David Dellinger (pacifist and Chicago Seven member), James B. Engle (diplomat and US Ambassador to Benin), Alger Hiss (US diplomat), Roman Jakobson (Russian linguist and literary theorist), and William Lederer (co-author of *The Ugly American*).

Peacham Vermont Wiki: Peacham, Vermont: A Chronicle of New England Heritage

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

When you are ready...
🎮 Play the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge Game🎮

Town Overview

Key Information

Type	Town
County	Caledonia
State	Vermont
Country	United States
Coordinates	44°20′N 72°11′W
Area	47.7 sq mi (123.5 km²)
Elevation	1,526 ft (465 m)
Population (2020)	715
Time Zone	EST (UTC-5) / EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP Codes	05862, 05821, 0573, 05046
Area Code	802
Website	www.peacham.net

Historical Trajectory

Foundations and Early Settlement

Peacham's formal establishment traces back to 1763 when Governor Benning Wentworth of New Hampshire granted a charter for the region. Initially conceived by land speculators, the territory remained largely unsettled until 1775. Subsequent settlers, predominantly migrating from Connecticut and Massachusetts, acquired plots and began cultivating the land for agriculture. Despite the challenging environmental conditions—characterized by long winters, hilly terrain, and rocky soil—these early inhabitants sustained themselves primarily through subsistence farming. By 1784, the town had progressed to the point of holding its first recorded town meeting and electing selectmen to manage its affairs.

Community Development and Institutions

A pivotal moment in Peacham's development occurred when its residents were presented with a choice between hosting the county courthouse or the county school. The community's decision to prioritize education led to the chartering of the Caledonia County Grammar School in 1795. This institution, initially established in a log structure, represented a significant investment in the town's future. Furthermore, a town library was founded in 1799, initially operating as a circulating collection that moved between local establishments. The spiritual life of the community was anchored by the founding of a congregational church in 1794, led by the influential Reverend Leonard Worcester.

Economic Evolution and Demographic Shifts

The early economy of Peacham was multifaceted, relying on local production and trade. Residents augmented their agricultural yields by producing and selling goods such as whiskey and potash. A diverse array of trades, numbering between 30 and 35 at any given time, flourished, including lumbering, coopering, milling, butter making, tinware production, and tanning. Between 1800 and 1830, sheep farming emerged as a particularly profitable endeavor, surpassing crop cultivation in economic significance. This period saw the town reach its demographic peak in 1840, with a population of 1,443. Following this apex, census figures began a steady decline. This shift was influenced by evolving agricultural practices, with dairy farming gradually replacing sheep husbandry, and the rise of larger, more industrialized farms elsewhere, which made it difficult for smaller family farms to compete. Consequently, younger generations began seeking opportunities beyond Peacham.

20th Century Transformation and Intellectual Haven

The population continued its decline through the 20th century, reaching a low in the mid-600s. The agricultural sector faced increased competition, leading to farm consolidation or closure. Concurrently, tourism gained prominence as individuals from urban centers, often referred to as "flatlanders," began visiting the area, with some opening their homes to visitors. The advent of the railroad in nearby Barnet and the subsequent proliferation of automobiles made Peacham an attractive destination for summer residents and retirees. Notably, the town became a favored locale for prominent intellectuals and liberal thinkers, including figures such as David Dellinger, William Lederer, Roman Jakobson, and historian Shepard Clough. Their presence and intellectual engagement contributed significantly to the town's cultural milieu.

Geographical Landscape

Topography and Area

Peacham encompasses a total area of 47.7 square miles (123.5 km²), of which 46.6 square miles (120.8 km²) consist of land and 1.0 square mile (2.7 km²) is water, representing approximately 2.18% of its total surface area. The town is situated within Caledonia County, Vermont, bordered by Danville to the north, Barnet to the east, Ryegate to the southeast, Groton to the south, Marshfield to the west, and Cabot to the northwest. Notably, no numbered state highways traverse the town directly, contributing to its relatively secluded character.

Elevation and Natural Features

The highest elevation point within Peacham is Cow Hill, reaching 2,566 feet (782 meters) near the town's northern boundary. The landscape is characterized by rolling hills and natural water bodies, including Martin's Pond and Peacham Pond. Peacham Bog, a significant ecological area spanning 748 acres (3.03 km²), represents a notable natural feature within the town's boundaries. Views from elevated points, such as Devil's Hill, offer vistas over surrounding forests, including parts of Groton State Forest.

Demographic Profile

Population Trends and Composition

As of the 2020 United States Census, Peacham recorded a population of 715 residents. This represents a slight decrease from the 732 individuals counted in the 2010 census, indicating a stable, albeit slowly declining, population base. The population density stands at approximately 15.7 people per square mile (6.1 per square kilometer). Analysis of the 2010 census data reveals a predominantly White population, constituting 98.0% of residents. Other racial and ethnic categories were represented in smaller proportions. The demographic profile indicates a relatively mature population, with a median age of 48.5 years, suggesting a significant proportion of older residents.

The historical population data illustrates a significant growth phase in the 19th century, peaking in 1840, followed by a prolonged period of decline through the 20th century, with a modest recovery in recent decades.

Historical Population
Census Year	Population	% Change
1790	365	—
1800	873	139.2%
1810	1,301	49.0%
1820	1,294	−0.5%
1830	1,351	4.4%
1840	1,443	6.8%
1850	1,377	−4.6%
1860	1,247	−9.4%
1870	1,141	−8.5%
1880	1,041	−8.8%
1890	892	−14.3%
1900	794	−11.0%
1910	777	−2.1%
1920	657	−15.4%
1930	620	−5.6%
1940	543	−12.4%
1950	501	−7.7%
1960	433	−13.6%
1970	446	3.0%
1980	531	19.1%
1990	627	18.1%
2000	665	6.1%
2010	732	10.1%
2020	715	−2.3%

Socioeconomic Indicators

Based on estimates from the 2007–2011 period, Peacham exhibited a median annual household income of approximately $62,344, with median family income reaching $81,719. These figures suggest a relatively stable economic standing for its residents. Per capita income was estimated at $30,373. The data also indicated that a small fraction of families, around 1.7%, and 5.4% of the overall population lived below the poverty line during this period. Notably, the proportion of individuals aged 65 and older living below the poverty line was higher, at 15.0%, warranting further consideration in social and economic analyses.

Cultural Fabric

Heritage Preservation and Libraries

The Peacham Historical Association (PHA), established in 1916, plays a crucial role in safeguarding the town's historical records, maintaining archives that document Peacham's history dating back to 1776. Complementing this, the Peacham Library, founded in 1810, initially served as a resource for the Caledonia County Grammar School's debating team. After its original building and collection were lost to fire in 1959, the current library was constructed in 1960 and subsequently expanded in 2001. It continues to serve the community, housing over 9,200 volumes and maintaining a roster of more than 500 registered patrons.

Community Events and Recognition

Peacham hosts several annual events that contribute to its vibrant community life. The Peacham Acoustic Music Festival, typically held in mid-August since 2011, draws attendees for musical performances. Other notable yearly celebrations include the Fall Foliage event, which highlights the region's natural beauty, and the traditional July 4 festivities, featuring a popular tractor parade. The town's picturesque character and community spirit were recognized in 2005 when Yankee magazine designated Peacham as the "Best New England Village," celebrating its unique charm and appeal.

Points of Interest

National Register Sites

Several locations within Peacham are recognized for their historical significance and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These include:

Elkins Tavern, the oldest structure in town.
The Peacham Corner Historic District, preserving the architectural character of the town center.
The Josiah and Lydia Shedd Farmstead, representing early agricultural life.
New Discovery State Park, offering natural and recreational value.

Natural and Historical Landmarks

Beyond the National Register sites, Peacham boasts numerous other points of interest:

The Ashbel Goodenough Blacksmith Shop, a restored 19th-century working forge.
Devil's Hill and Cow Hill (the town's highest point), offering scenic views.
Martin's Pond and Peacham Pond, providing recreational opportunities.
Peacham Bog, a significant natural area.
The historic Bayley-Hazen Military Road, a remnant of early infrastructure.
The Peacham Congregational Church and the Civil War Soldiers Monument, commemorating local history and sacrifice.
Ruins of the Peacham Observatory and the active Northern Skies Observatory, reflecting astronomical interests.

Educational Institutions

Current and Former Schools

Peacham currently operates Peacham Elementary School, serving the community's primary education needs. Historically, the town was home to several other educational establishments that have since closed. These include Peacham Academy, formerly known as the Caledonia County Grammar School, which ceased operations in 1971. Other former schools include the Yellow School House, the Three Corners School House, and the East Peacham School House. The Stevens School, originally located in Peacham, has since relocated its operations to Lyndonville.

Filming Location

Notable Productions

Peacham's distinctive New England character has made it a chosen setting for several film productions. Its picturesque landscapes and historic architecture have provided the backdrop for various cinematic works, including:

A Return to Salem's Lot (1987)
Ethan Frome (1993)
Where the Rivers Flow North (1993)
The Spitfire Grill (1996)

These productions underscore Peacham's aesthetic appeal as a filming location.

Notable Residents

Figures Associated with Peacham

Peacham has been home or a significant location for numerous notable individuals across various fields:

Writers and Publishers: Edward Behr, writer and publisher of The Art of Eating.
Political Figures: William Chamberlain (U.S. Congressman), Alexander Dunnett (U.S. Attorney for Vermont, State Senator), John Mattocks (16th Governor of Vermont), Thaddeus Stevens (abolitionist and politician, born nearby and attended school in Peacham).
Diplomats and Public Servants: George Harvey (U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain), Harry G. Barnes Jr. (U.S. Ambassador), James B. Engle (diplomat and conservationist).
Historical Figures: John Martin (steamboat captain and businessman), Samuel Merrill (early Indiana leader).
Intellectuals and Activists: David Dellinger (pacifist, member of the Chicago Seven), Alger Hiss (U.S. diplomat), Roman Jakobson (linguist and literary theorist), William Lederer (co-author of The Ugly American).
Religious and Legal Figures: Samuel Worcester (missionary, plaintiff in Worcester v. Georgia).

The presence of these individuals, particularly the intellectuals and activists who chose Peacham as a place of residence or retreat, has contributed to the town's unique cultural and intellectual character.

Teacher's Corner

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

Edit and Print Materials from this study in the wiki2web studio

Click here to open the "Peacham Vermont" Wiki2Web Studio curriculum kit

Use the free Wiki2web Studio to generate printable flashcards, worksheets, exams, and export your materials as a web page or an interactive game.

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Learn about peacham_vermont while playing the wiki2web Clarity Challenge game.

Unlock the mystery image and prove your knowledge by earning trophies. This simple game is addictively fun and is a great way to learn!

Play now

Explore More Topics

Discover other topics to study!

anderson independent-mail

french air and space force

2013 us open– men's singles

ncaa men's basketball all-americans

consul representative

the franchise 2024 tv series

References

Early History of Peacham

Peacham Town Plan

Peacham Parade Rolls On

A full list of references for this article are available at the Peacham, Vermont Wikipedia page

Feedback & Support

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer

Important Notice

This page was generated by an Artificial Intelligence and is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The content is based on a snapshot of publicly available data from Wikipedia and may not be entirely accurate, complete, or up-to-date.

This information is not a substitute for professional historical research or local consultation. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy based on the provided source, Peacham, Vermont is a complex community with a rich history. Always consult primary sources and local historical societies for definitive information.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Peacham, Vermont

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Town Overview ℹ️

🏛️ Key Information

Historical Trajectory ⏳

📜 Foundations and Early Settlement

🏫 Community Development and Institutions

💰 Economic Evolution and Demographic Shifts

🌟 20th Century Transformation and Intellectual Haven

Geographical Landscape 🏞️

🗺️ Topography and Area

⛰️ Elevation and Natural Features

Demographic Profile 👥

📊 Population Trends and Composition

💰 Socioeconomic Indicators

Cultural Fabric 🎭

📚 Heritage Preservation and Libraries

🎉 Community Events and Recognition

Points of Interest 📍

🏛️ National Register Sites

🌳 Natural and Historical Landmarks

Educational Institutions 🎓

🏫 Current and Former Schools

Filming Location 🎬

🎥 Notable Productions

Notable Residents 👤

⭐ Figures Associated with Peacham

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

True or False? 🤔

❓ Test Your Knowledge! ❓

Gamer's Corner 🎮

Are you ready for the Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge?

Explore More Topics

📜 Discover other topics to study!

References

📜 References

Feedback & Support 👍

To report an issue with this page, or to find out ways to support the mission, please click here.

Disclaimer ⚠️

📜 Important Notice

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Town Overview

Key Information

Historical Trajectory

Foundations and Early Settlement

Community Development and Institutions

Economic Evolution and Demographic Shifts

20th Century Transformation and Intellectual Haven

Geographical Landscape

Topography and Area

Elevation and Natural Features

Demographic Profile

Population Trends and Composition

Socioeconomic Indicators

Cultural Fabric

Heritage Preservation and Libraries

Community Events and Recognition

Points of Interest

National Register Sites

Natural and Historical Landmarks

Educational Institutions

Current and Former Schools

Filming Location

Notable Productions

Notable Residents

Figures Associated with Peacham

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice