What is the primary identity of Peterborough as described in the introduction?

Peterborough is identified as a cathedral city located in the City of Peterborough district within the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is situated on the River Nene, approximately 74 miles (119 km) north of London.

What were the population figures for Peterborough and its district according to the 2021 census?

As of the 2021 census, the city of Peterborough had a population of 192,178, while the population of the wider district was 215,673.

What evidence exists for early human settlement in the Peterborough area?

Human settlement in the Peterborough area dates back thousands of years, with evidence of Bronze Age religious activity found at the Flag Fen archaeological site east of the city centre. Roman occupation is also evident, with a fortified garrison town at Durobrivae and a large Roman fort at Longthorpe.

How did Peterborough's population change in the 19th century and post-World War II?

In the 19th century, Peterborough's population grew rapidly due to the arrival of the railway, and the area became known for its brickworks and engineering. After World War II, industrial employment declined, and growth was limited until the city was designated a new town in the 1960s.

What was Peterborough's administrative status historically and in recent times?

Historically, Peterborough was the administrative center of the Soke of Peterborough in Northamptonshire until 1965. From 1965 to 1974, it was part of Huntingdon and Peterborough, and since then, it has been part of Cambridgeshire. Currently, it functions as a unitary authority.

What is the original name of Peterborough, and how did its name evolve?

The original name of the town was Medeshamstede. The name changed to 'Burgh' around the late tenth century, possibly after a defensive wall was built around the abbey dedicated to Saint Peter. This eventually developed into the form 'Peterborough'.

What was the significance of the Peterborough Chronicle?

The Peterborough Chronicle, a version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, is significant because it contains unique information about English history after the Norman Conquest, written by monks in the 12th century. It is the only known prose history in English from the period between the Norman Conquest and the late 14th century.

What role did the River Nene play in Peterborough's early history?

The River Nene was crucial for settlement in the Peterborough area because it provided permanently drained land within The Fens. The river also facilitated Peterborough's function as an inland port, as evidenced by the 18th-century Customs House.

What was the impact of the railway on Peterborough's development in the 19th century?

The opening of the Great Northern Railway's line from London to York in the 1850s transformed Peterborough from a market town into an industrial center. This, combined with local clay deposits, enabled large-scale brickmaking and distribution, making the area a leading brick producer.

What industries were prominent in Peterborough during the 20th century?

Key industries in Peterborough during the 20th century included brickmaking, with the London Brick Company being a major player. Engineering firms like Perkins Engines, Baker Perkins, and Peter Brotherhood also became significant employers.

How did Peterborough become a 'New Town' and what was its purpose?

Peterborough was designated a New Town in 1967. The Peterborough Development Corporation was established to house London's overspill population in new townships built around the existing urban area.

What major redevelopment projects have occurred in Peterborough's city center?

Major redevelopment projects in Peterborough's city center include the construction of the Queensgate shopping center, opened in 1982, and a £1 billion redevelopment plan initiated between 2006 and 2012. More recent developments include Fletton Quays, featuring apartments, offices, a hotel, and a passport office.

What is the current administrative structure of local government in Peterborough?

The primary tier of local government for Peterborough is the Peterborough City Council, which operates as a unitary authority. The city council is also part of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority, led by an elected Mayor.

What was the historical administrative relationship between Peterborough and Northamptonshire?

Historically, Peterborough was an ancient parish within the Nassaburgh hundred of Northamptonshire. It held administrative and judicial independence from the rest of Northamptonshire due to the Soke of Peterborough, which was abolished in 1965.

How did Peterborough gain its city status?

Peterborough gained city status in 1541 when its former abbey church was converted into a cathedral, making it the seat of a bishop. The area holding city status initially comprised the Peterborough township and the Minster Precincts.

What was the economic performance of Peterborough compared to other East of England authorities between 1995 and 2004?

Between 1995 and 2004, Peterborough was identified as having the most successful economy among unitary authorities in the East of England, with its economy growing faster than the regional average.

What is Peterborough's reputation regarding environmental initiatives?

Peterborough designated itself as one of four 'environment cities' in the UK in 1994, aiming to become the country's acknowledged environment capital. The Peterborough Environment City Trust (PECT) was established to promote healthier and sustainable living.

How do Peterborough's median earnings compare to the regional and national averages?

Median earnings for full-time workers in Peterborough are lower than the regional median for the East of England and the national median for Great Britain. In 2014, Peterborough's median hourly rate was £11.93, compared to £13.62 regionally and £13.15 nationally.

What is the significance of Peterborough's parkways?

Peterborough features a network of high-speed landscaped thoroughfares known as parkways. These parkways contribute to the city having fast peak and off-peak travel times for its size.

What is the role of the Peterborough Millennium Green Wheel?

The Peterborough Millennium Green Wheel is a 50-mile (80 km) network of cycleways, footpaths, and bridleways designed to provide safe, continuous routes around the city, with radiating spokes connecting to the city center. It also includes a sculpture trail and a Living Landmarks project.

What was the population growth rate of Peterborough between 1971 and 1991?

Peterborough's population experienced significant growth, increasing by 45.4% between 1971 and 1991.

What was the ethnic composition of Peterborough according to the 2011 census?

In the 2011 census, 82.5% of Peterborough's residents identified as white, with 11.7% identifying as Asian, 2.3% as black, and 2.8% as mixed ethnic groups. Specific Asian groups included Pakistani (6.6%) and Indian (2.5%).

Why is Peterborough home to a large Italian immigrant community?

Peterborough has a significant Italian immigrant population primarily due to labor recruitment by the London Brick Company in the 1950s from southern Italian regions like Apulia and Campania. By 1960, around 3,000 Italian men were employed by the company.

How does Peterborough's Muslim population percentage compare to the national average?

Peterborough has a higher percentage of Muslims than England as a whole. In 2011, 9.4% of Peterborough's residents identified as Muslim, compared to 5% nationally.

Which areas of Peterborough have the highest concentration of Muslims?

The majority of Muslims in Peterborough reside in the Millfield, West Town, and New England areas of the city, where major mosques are located.

What is the Anglican Diocese of Peterborough's geographical coverage?

The Anglican Diocese of Peterborough covers approximately 1,200 square miles, encompassing all of Northamptonshire, Rutland, and the Soke of Peterborough. Parts of the city south of the river fall under the Diocese of Ely.

What is the significance of Peterborough Cathedral's west front?

Peterborough Cathedral's west front is renowned for its imposing Early English Gothic design, featuring three enormous arches that are architecturally unique and without direct precedent. The cathedral itself is one of the most intact large Norman buildings in England.

Which two queens are buried beneath Peterborough Cathedral's paving?

Catherine of Aragon and Mary, Queen of Scots, are the two queens whose remains are buried beneath the paving of Peterborough Cathedral. Mary, Queen of Scots' remains were later moved to Westminster Abbey.

What was the impact of the English Civil War on Peterborough Cathedral?

During the English Civil War, Parliamentary soldiers ransacked Peterborough Cathedral, destroying parts of the Lady Chapel, chapter house, cloister, high altar, and choir stalls, along with medieval decorations and records.

What historical administrative privileges did the Abbot of Peterborough hold?

As early as the 13th century, the Abbot of Peterborough held the privilege of maintaining a prison for felons within the Soke of Peterborough, a liberty that granted administrative and judicial independence from the rest of Northamptonshire.

What is the historical significance of the Peterborough Guildhall?

The Peterborough Guildhall, built in 1671, stands on columns, providing an open ground floor for markets. It was restored after the English Restoration and is a notable 17th-century building in the city.

What is notable about the Nene Viaduct?

The Nene Viaduct, built in 1847 by Sir William and Joseph Cubitt, carries the railway over the River Nene. It is recognized as the oldest surviving cast iron railway bridge in the UK and is a Grade II* listed structure.

What is the historical significance of the Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery's collections?

The Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery houses a diverse collection of approximately 227,000 objects. These include local archaeology, social history items, marine fossils of international importance from the Jurassic period, manuscripts of poet John Clare, and items made by French prisoners of war from the Norman Cross camp.

What is the historical significance of the Norman Cross site near Peterborough?

Norman Cross, located on the outskirts of Peterborough, is significant as it is believed to be the world's first purpose-built prisoner of war camp. It housed French prisoners of war between 1797 and 1814.

What is the historical significance of Burghley House?

Burghley House, located near Stamford north of Peterborough, is a significant example of 16th-century English architecture. It was built and largely designed by Sir William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, and its park was landscaped by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown.

What is the significance of Longthorpe Tower?

Longthorpe Tower is a 14th-century fortified manor house that contains the finest and most complete set of domestic paintings from its period in northern Europe. It is a scheduled monument in the care of English Heritage.

What is the significance of Flag Fen?

Flag Fen is a Bronze Age archaeological site discovered in 1982, believed to have been a place of religious activity. It features numerous poles arranged in rows and has yielded artifacts, including what is thought to be Britain's oldest wheel.

What is the significance of the Nene Valley Railway?

The Nene Valley Railway is a heritage railway that runs for 7.5 miles from the city center to Yarwell Junction. It was one of the last passenger lines affected by the Beeching Axe in 1966 and is now leased to the Peterborough Railway Society.

What is the climate of the East Anglia region, where Peterborough is located?

East Anglia, including Peterborough, experiences a maritime climate that is generally warmer and sunnier in summer and colder and frostier in winter compared to other parts of the UK. It is also one of the driest counties, receiving about 600 mm of rain annually.

What was the highest temperature recorded at the Wittering weather station near Peterborough?

The Met Office weather station at Wittering, near Peterborough, recorded a maximum temperature of 39.9 °C (103.8 °F) on July 19, 2022.

What is the general topography of the Cambridgeshire region?

Much of Cambridgeshire, including the area around Peterborough, is low-lying and almost flat, with some areas situated below sea level. The lowest point in England is reportedly near Holme Fen, south of Peterborough.

What are the linguistic characteristics of the Peterborough accent?

The Peterborough accent is a blend of Fenland East Anglian, East Midland, and London Estuary English features. Due to recent migration, younger speakers often exhibit South-eastern sounds like L-vocalization, T-glottalisation, and Th-fronting.

Which municipalities is Peterborough twinned with?

Peterborough is twinned with Alcalá de Henares (Spain), Ballarat (Australia), Bourges (France), Forlì (Italy), Viersen (Germany), and Vinnytsia (Ukraine).

What is the significance of the fossil *Planohybodus peterboroughensis*?

The fossil *Planohybodus peterboroughensis*, a type of hybodontiform fish, was discovered in Middle Jurassic deposits near Peterborough and was named after the city in 2008.

Who were some notable individuals granted the Freedom of the City of Peterborough?

Notable individuals who have received the Freedom of the City of Peterborough include Peter Boizot (2007), architect Wyndham Thomas (2015), and athletes Louis Smith and James Fox (both in 2017).

Which military units have received the Freedom of the City of Peterborough?

Military units that have received the Freedom of the City of Peterborough include RAF Wittering (1983), 158 (Royal Anglian) Transport Regiment (2009), and 115 (Peterborough) Squadron Air Training Corps (2014).

What is the historical significance of Old Scarlett?

Old Scarlett was a gravedigger in Peterborough who died in 1594 at the age of 98. He is considered a folk hero, and his portrait is displayed above the west door of Peterborough Cathedral. It's suggested he may have inspired the gravedigger character in Shakespeare's Hamlet.

Who are some notable people born in Peterborough?

Notable people born in Peterborough include astronomer George Alcock, poet John Clare, artist Christopher Perkins, engineer Sir Henry Royce (co-founder of Rolls-Royce), and athletes David Bentley and Louis Smith.

What is the significance of the Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery's collection of Jurassic marine fossils?

The Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery holds a collection of marine fossil remains from the Jurassic period that are of international importance, contributing to the understanding of ancient life in the region.

What is the significance of the Peterborough's designation as an 'environment city'?

In 1994, Peterborough became one of the UK's first 'environment cities,' aiming to be recognized as the country's environment capital. This initiative led to the establishment of the Peterborough Environment City Trust (PECT) to promote sustainable living.

What is the historical context for the large Italian population in Peterborough?

The significant Italian population in Peterborough originated from labor recruitment in the 1950s by the London Brick Company, primarily from southern Italian regions. This influx led to the establishment of Italian community institutions, such as the San Giuseppe church.

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A Tapestry of Time: Peterborough's History

Ancient Roots

The area around Peterborough has been inhabited for millennia, with evidence of settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, notably at the Flag Fen archaeological site. Roman occupation is also evident, with a significant garrison town established at Durobrivae on Ermine Street. The Anglo-Saxon period marked a pivotal moment with the founding of the monastery of Medeshamstede, the precursor to the magnificent Peterborough Cathedral.

Medieval and Ecclesiastical Significance

The town's name evolved from Medeshamstede to Peterborough, honoring Saint Peter. The abbey church, rebuilt in the 12th century, became Peterborough Cathedral, a masterpiece of Norman and Early English Gothic architecture. The city's unique history includes the Peterborough Chronicle, a vital prose history written in English during the 12th century, offering insights into post-Norman conquest England. The city's status as a liberty, with its own judicial independence, persisted for centuries.

Industrial Transformation

The arrival of the Great Northern Railway in the 1850s catalyzed Peterborough's transformation from a market town into an industrial center. Vast clay deposits fueled a booming brickmaking industry, with the London Brick Company becoming a dominant force. Engineering firms like Perkins Engines and Baker Perkins also established significant presences, shaping the city's employment landscape.

Post-War Growth and New Town Status

Following World War II, Peterborough was designated a New Town in 1967. Development corporations focused on housing London's overspill population and expanding the city's infrastructure, including the construction of parkways and the Queensgate shopping center. This era saw a shift from manufacturing dominance towards service sector growth, attracting major employers and fostering regeneration.

Civic Structure: Governance in Peterborough

Administrative Framework

Peterborough operates under a unitary authority structure, with Peterborough City Council serving as the primary tier of local government. The council convenes at Peterborough Town Hall and manages administrative functions from its offices on Bittern Way. The city's administrative boundaries extend beyond the urban core to encompass surrounding villages and rural areas.

Regional Integration

While maintaining its unitary status, Peterborough is integrated into the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority. This regional body is led by an elected Mayor, facilitating coordinated strategic planning and development across the combined area.

Parishes and Unparished Areas

Much of the urban area of Peterborough is unparished. However, several suburban areas are organized into civil parishes, such as Bretton, Hampton Hargate and Vale, Orton Longueville, and Orton Waterville, reflecting a localized approach to community governance within the broader city structure.

Economic Landscape: Growth and Innovation

Economic Performance

Peterborough has demonstrated robust economic growth, outperforming many regional counterparts. It is recognized for its strength in the environmental goods and services sector, hosting the UK's largest cluster of related businesses. This focus positions the city as a leader in sustainable industry.

Environmental Capital Ambitions

Designated as an "environment city" in 1994, Peterborough, through initiatives like the Peterborough Environment City Trust (PECT), actively promotes healthier and sustainable living. These efforts aim to solidify its reputation as the UK's environmental capital, attracting attention for its community-focused green projects.

Employment and Development

The city's economy is increasingly driven by service sector companies, with significant job creation planned in retail, leisure, hospitality, and office-based workspaces. Major distribution centers for companies like Tesco have relocated to the area. Despite traditionally low unemployment, median earnings remain below the national average, highlighting ongoing development goals.

Connectivity: Moving Through Peterborough

Rail Network

Peterborough railway station is a key hub on the East Coast Main Line, offering frequent high-speed services to London and Edinburgh. It also serves as a junction for cross-country routes operated by East Midlands Railway and CrossCountry, connecting to destinations like Norwich, Nottingham, Liverpool, Leicester, Birmingham, and Stansted Airport.

Road Infrastructure

The city is strategically located near the A1/A1(M) primary route, a major artery connecting London to Edinburgh. Peterborough's distinctive parkway system, a network of landscaped, high-speed roads, contributes to efficient traffic flow, enabling faster travel times compared to similarly sized UK cities.

Cycling and Greenways

The Peterborough Millennium Green Wheel provides a 50-mile network of cycle paths and footpaths, offering safe and continuous routes around the city and connecting to surrounding areas. Despite recent challenges in expanding cycle infrastructure, the city remains committed to promoting cycling as a sustainable transport option.

The People of Peterborough: Diversity and Growth

Population Dynamics

Peterborough is experiencing significant population growth, projected to continue in the coming decades. This expansion is partly attributed to migration, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the UK. The city's population has seen substantial increases, particularly from Central and Eastern European countries following the 2004 EU enlargement.

Ethnic Composition

The 2011 census indicated a diverse population, with White British residents forming the largest group. Significant minority populations include those of Pakistani and Indian ethnicity. The city is also noted for one of the largest concentrations of Italian immigrants in the UK, a legacy of post-war labor recruitment.

Religious Landscape

Christianity remains the predominant religion, primarily represented by the Church of England and a growing Roman Catholic community. Peterborough also has a notable Muslim population, with several mosques serving the community, alongside Hindu and Sikh places of worship. The city's religious makeup reflects its diverse demographic profile.

Cultural Vibrancy: Arts and Education

Educational Institutions

Peterborough hosts several educational institutions, including Peterborough College and City College Peterborough, offering further and higher education programs. Anglia Ruskin University established a new campus in 2022, significantly expanding higher education opportunities within the city.

Artistic Expressions

The city boasts a dynamic arts scene, featuring the Key Theatre, which offers a diverse program of productions and community events. Annual festivals, such as the Peterborough Festival, contribute to the cultural landscape, supported by local artists and organizations. The city also serves as a hub for visual arts, with groups like Peterborough Artists Open Studio celebrating decades of activity.

Sporting Pursuits: From Football to Speedways

Football and Beyond

Peterborough United Football Club, "The Posh," is the city's professional football team, playing at London Road Stadium. The city also supports a non-league club, Peterborough Sports. Beyond football, Peterborough hosts teams in rugby, cricket, hockey, ice hockey, and various other sports, reflecting a broad sporting culture.

Motorsport and Athletics

Motorcycle speedway is a popular attraction, with the Peterborough Panthers competing at the East of England Showground. The city also hosts cycling races as part of the Tour Series. Athletics are catered for at the embankment arena, and rowing clubs utilize the River Nene, contributing to the city's active sporting community.

Media and Communications

Radio Presence

Peterborough is served by a major radio transmitter at Morborne, broadcasting national FM stations and BBC Radio Cambridgeshire. Local commercial radio includes Heart East and community stations like Salaam FM and Peterborough Community Radio, reflecting the city's diverse population.

Television and Print

Local television news is provided by BBC Look East and ITV News Anglia. The Peterborough Telegraph serves as the city's primary newspaper, with its website, Peterborough Today, offering regular updates. The city has also been a filming location for various television programs and films.

Iconic Landmarks: Symbols of Peterborough

Peterborough Cathedral

A magnificent example of Norman and Early English Gothic architecture, Peterborough Cathedral was founded in AD 655. Its distinctive three-arched west front is architecturally unique. The cathedral holds the distinction of being the final resting place for Catherine of Aragon and, historically, Mary, Queen of Scots.

Guildhall and Town Hall

The 17th-century Guildhall, built on columns to provide open market space, stands in Cathedral Square. Peterborough Town Hall serves as the meeting place for the city council. These structures are central to the city's civic and historical identity.

Parks and Heritage Sites

Nene Park, a large green space along the River Nene, includes Ferry Meadows country park and watersports facilities. Historic sites like Longthorpe Tower, a 14th-century fortified manor house with significant medieval paintings, and Flag Fen, a Bronze Age archaeological site, offer glimpses into the region's past.

Notable Figures Associated with Peterborough

Historical Personalities

Peterborough has been associated with figures such as Richard Cumberland, a utilitarian philosopher and Bishop of Peterborough; Edith Cavell, the celebrated nurse; and Old Scarlett, a legendary cathedral gravedigger. Figures like Hereward the Wake and Saint John Payne also have ties to the region.

Modern Contributions

The city is the birthplace or former home of notable individuals across various fields. These include astronomer George Alcock, poet John Clare, engineer Sir Henry Royce (co-founder of Rolls-Royce), musicians Andy Bell (Erasure) and Aston Merrygold (JLS), actors, sports personalities like footballer David Bentley and gymnast Louis Smith, and media figures.

Peterborough's Setting: Geography and Climate

Topography and Waterways

Peterborough is situated on the flat terrain of The Fens, with parts of the land lying below sea level. The River Nene flows through the city center, historically serving as an important navigable waterway connecting to Wisbech and Northampton. The Nene Viaduct, an early cast-iron railway bridge, stands as a testament to the area's industrial heritage.

Climate Data

The region experiences a maritime climate, characterized by mild winters and relatively cool summers. East Anglia, including Peterborough, tends to be slightly warmer and sunnier in summer and colder in winter compared to other parts of the UK. The area receives moderate rainfall, averaging around 600 mm annually. Wittering, a nearby weather station, recorded a record high temperature of 39.9°C in July 2022.

Climate data for Wittering, Peterborough (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1957-present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.1 (59.2)	17.8 (64.0)	23.1 (73.6)	26.3 (79.3)	27.6 (81.7)	33.3 (91.9)	39.9 (103.8)	35.2 (95.4)	31.0 (87.8)	28.2 (82.8)	17.5 (63.5)	15.5 (59.9)	39.9 (103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	7.1 (44.8)	7.9 (46.2)	10.4 (50.7)	13.4 (56.1)	16.5 (61.7)	19.5 (67.1)	22.1 (71.8)	21.7 (71.1)	18.7 (65.7)	14.4 (57.9)	10.1 (50.2)	7.4 (45.3)	14.1 (57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	4.3 (39.7)	4.6 (40.3)	6.6 (43.9)	9.0 (48.2)	11.9 (53.4)	14.9 (58.8)	17.2 (63.0)	17.0 (62.6)	14.5 (58.1)	10.9 (51.6)	7.1 (44.8)	4.6 (40.3)	10.2 (50.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	1.5 (34.7)	1.4 (34.5)	2.7 (36.9)	4.6 (40.3)	7.4 (45.3)	10.3 (50.5)	12.3 (54.1)	12.3 (54.1)	10.2 (50.4)	7.4 (45.3)	4.0 (39.2)	1.8 (35.2)	6.4 (43.5)
Record low °C (°F)	-13.9 (7.0)	-13.5 (7.7)	-12.0 (10.4)	-5.5 (22.1)	-1.3 (29.7)	0.8 (33.4)	5.2 (41.4)	4.8 (40.6)	1.0 (33.8)	-3.9 (25.0)	-7.6 (18.3)	-10.9 (12.4)	-13.9 (7.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	47.0 (1.85)	38.9 (1.53)	39.0 (1.54)	44.2 (1.74)	49.6 (1.95)	52.9 (2.08)	55.5 (2.19)	59.9 (2.36)	52.9 (2.08)	63.3 (2.49)	57.5 (2.26)	53.0 (2.09)	613.6 (24.16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	10.1	9.3	8.7	8.8	8.4	9.0	9.1	9.5	8.5	10.1	10.1	9.9	111.5

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References

Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter Middle English Literature (ed. and completed by Douglas Gray), Oxford University Press, 1986.

"At the bridge of Peterborough by the River Nene, as well in the county of Huntingdon as in the county of Northampton, on all sides of the bridge."

Local Government Act 1972

Housing Strategy Statement 2004-7 Peterborough City Council, July 2004.

Brandon, David and Knight, John Peterborough Past: The City and The Soke (p.54) Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 2001.

Enlarged to include former Gunthorpe CP, Longthorpe CP, Paston CP, Peterborough Without CP, Walton CP and Werrington CP from Peterborough RD in 1929.

Enlarged to include former Peterborough RD, Barnack RD, Thorney RD, Old Fletton UD and Orton Longueville CP from Norman Cross RD in 1974.

Colpi, Terry The Italian Factor: The Italian Community in Great Britain (p.149) Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 1991.

Waszak, Peter "The Revival of the Roman Catholic Church in Peterborough c. 1793â1910" in Peterborough's Past vol.3 Peterborough Museum Society, 1988.

"How different LEAs performed" , BBC News Online, 19 January 2007.

The Key Times is the theatre's newspaper, available free of charge from the last Saturday of each month.

Midlands 1 East League Table, Peterborough Rugby Union Football Club (Retrieved 7 May 2015).

The Story Behind The Return of The Great Eastern Run Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 30 September 2007).

Britain in the Bandy World Championships

"Mast fire 'could be deliberate'" , BBC News Online, 1 November 2004.

Midland Weekly Media Trinity Mirror (Retrieved 18 September 2007).

Skinner, Julia (with particular reference to the work of Robert Cook) Did You Know? Peterborough: A Miscellany (pp.33, 25 & 16) The Francis Frith Collection, Salisbury, 2006.

Grainger, Margaret A Descriptive Catalogue of the John Clare Collection Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery, 1973.

Turner, Roger Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape (pp.110â112) Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 1999.

Pryor, Francis Flag Fen: Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2005.

Mellows, William Thomas (ed.) The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (p.41) Peterborough Natural History, Scientific and ArchÃ¦ological Society, 1941.

"Erasure uncovered in Norwich" , BBC News Online, 10 February 2003.

"Smith wins historic bronze for GB" , BBC News Online, 17 August 2008.

A full list of references for this article are available at the Peterborough Wikipedia page

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Peterborough: Cathedral City and Evolving Hub

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

A Tapestry of Time: Peterborough's History ⏳

🏺 Ancient Roots

⛪ Medieval and Ecclesiastical Significance

🚂 Industrial Transformation

🏗️ Post-War Growth and New Town Status

Civic Structure: Governance in Peterborough 🏛️

📜 Administrative Framework

🔗 Regional Integration

📍 Parishes and Unparished Areas

Economic Landscape: Growth and Innovation 💰

📈 Economic Performance

🌳 Environmental Capital Ambitions

🏢 Employment and Development

Connectivity: Moving Through Peterborough 🚆

🛤️ Rail Network

🚗 Road Infrastructure

🚲 Cycling and Greenways

The People of Peterborough: Diversity and Growth 👥

📈 Population Dynamics

🌍 Ethnic Composition

🕌 Religious Landscape

Cultural Vibrancy: Arts and Education 🎨

🎓 Educational Institutions

🎭 Artistic Expressions

Sporting Pursuits: From Football to Speedways ⚽

🏆 Football and Beyond

🏎️ Motorsport and Athletics

Media and Communications 📰

📻 Radio Presence

📺 Television and Print

Iconic Landmarks: Symbols of Peterborough 🌟

⛪ Peterborough Cathedral

🏛️ Guildhall and Town Hall

🌳 Parks and Heritage Sites

Notable Figures Associated with Peterborough 👤

💡 Historical Personalities

🌟 Modern Contributions

Peterborough's Setting: Geography and Climate 🌍

🏞️ Topography and Waterways

🌡️ Climate Data

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

A Tapestry of Time: Peterborough's History

Ancient Roots

Medieval and Ecclesiastical Significance

Industrial Transformation

Post-War Growth and New Town Status

Civic Structure: Governance in Peterborough

Administrative Framework

Regional Integration

Parishes and Unparished Areas

Economic Landscape: Growth and Innovation

Economic Performance

Environmental Capital Ambitions

Employment and Development

Connectivity: Moving Through Peterborough

Rail Network

Road Infrastructure

Cycling and Greenways

The People of Peterborough: Diversity and Growth

Population Dynamics

Ethnic Composition

Religious Landscape

Cultural Vibrancy: Arts and Education

Educational Institutions

Artistic Expressions

Sporting Pursuits: From Football to Speedways

Football and Beyond

Motorsport and Athletics

Media and Communications

Radio Presence

Television and Print

Iconic Landmarks: Symbols of Peterborough

Peterborough Cathedral

Guildhall and Town Hall

Parks and Heritage Sites

Notable Figures Associated with Peterborough

Historical Personalities

Modern Contributions

Peterborough's Setting: Geography and Climate

Topography and Waterways

Climate Data

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Disclaimer

Important Notice