Who was Sun Myung Moon?

Sun Myung Moon (born Moon Yong-myeong) was a Korean religious leader, businessman, media mogul, and political activist who lived from January 6, 1920, to September 3, 2012. He is widely known as the founder of the Unification Church, officially the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, and is also recognized for his business ventures and support for conservative political causes.

What is Sun Myung Moon most known for founding?

Sun Myung Moon is most known for founding the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, commonly referred to as the Unification Church. He also founded the international news media corporation News World Communications, which notably includes The Washington Times.

When and where was Sun Myung Moon born?

Sun Myung Moon was born on January 6, 1920, in Chongju, Heianhoku-dō, Korea, which is now part of North Pyongan Province in North Korea. At the time of his birth, Korea was under Japanese rule as part of the Empire of Japan.

When and where did Sun Myung Moon die?

Sun Myung Moon died on September 3, 2012, at the age of 92. His death occurred in Gapyeong County, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.

What religious title did Sun Myung Moon claim?

Sun Myung Moon claimed to be a messiah and the Second Coming of Christ. His followers, members of the Unification Church, refer to him and his wife, Hak Ja Han, as their "True Parents."

What is the central theological text of the Unification movement?

The central theological text of the Unification movement is the "Divine Principle," also known as the "Exposition of the Divine Principle." This book, co-written by Moon and Hyo Won Eu, outlines the core theology, including God's purpose in creation, the fall of man, and the process of restoration.

What was Moon's stance on communism?

Sun Myung Moon was a staunch anti-communist. He viewed the Cold War as a final conflict between God and Satan, with divided Korea as its primary battleground, and predicted the fall of communism.

What significant legal issue did Sun Myung Moon face in the United States?

In 1982, Sun Myung Moon was convicted in the United States for conspiracy and tax evasion related to filing false federal income tax returns. He was sentenced to 18 months in federal prison and served 13 months.

How did the trial of Sun Myung Moon impact public discourse?

Moon's trial and conviction sparked national debates on freedom of religion and free speech. Many clergy and civil libertarians protested, arguing the trial was biased due to religious prejudice against him.

What is the common nickname for followers of Sun Myung Moon?

Followers of Sun Myung Moon were often referred to in popular culture as "Moonies."

What were the "Blessing" ceremonies conducted by the Unification Church?

The "Blessing" ceremonies, often labeled as "mass weddings," were a significant practice of the Unification Church where Moon matched and married couples, sometimes strangers from different countries. These ceremonies were intended to create "true families" and promote global unity, but they also attracted considerable controversy and media attention.

What was the purpose of the mass wedding ceremonies according to Moon?

According to Moon, international and intercultural marriages, even between perceived enemies, were the quickest way to achieve an ideal world of peace. He believed these unions would help unite humanity and bring about global peace.

When did Sun Myung Moon move to the United States?

Sun Myung Moon moved to the United States in 1971, having first visited in 1965. He became a prominent figure in the US, delivering public speeches and establishing various organizations.

What role did Sun Myung Moon play in supporting Richard Nixon?

In 1974, during the Watergate scandal, Moon asked Unification Church members to support President Richard Nixon. Church members prayed and fasted for Nixon, and Nixon publicly thanked Moon for his support, bringing the church significant media attention.

What major media company did Sun Myung Moon found?

Sun Myung Moon founded News World Communications in 1976, an international media conglomerate. This company became known for owning The Washington Times in the United States, as well as newspapers in other countries and the news agency United Press International.

What was The Washington Times?

The Washington Times was a newspaper founded in 1982 by News World Communications, an organization associated with Sun Myung Moon. It was known for its conservative political views and was read by many Washington insiders, including President Ronald Reagan.

What was the Tongil Group?

Tongil Group was a South Korean business conglomerate, or chaebol, founded by Moon in 1963 as a nonprofit to generate revenue for the church. It expanded into various sectors including pharmaceuticals, tourism, and publishing, with holdings like The Ilhwa Company and Tongil Heavy Industries.

What was the significance of the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences?

Founded by Moon in 1972, the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences was a series of scientific conferences. These events attracted numerous participants, including Nobel laureates, and aimed to foster interdisciplinary dialogue.

What was Moon's view on race relations?

Moon took a strong stance against racism and racial discrimination. He advocated for racial harmony and encouraged his followers to marry across national and cultural boundaries, even those considered "enemies," to foster unity.

What artistic endeavors did Sun Myung Moon support?

Sun Myung Moon supported artistic endeavors, including founding the Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea in 1962 to showcase traditional Korean folk dances. He also founded the Universal Ballet in 1984, which was described as a top ballet company in Asia.

What business ventures did the Unification Church undertake in the seafood industry?

The Unification Church, under Moon's direction, invested significantly in the seafood industry, including owning True World Foods, which controls a substantial portion of the US sushi trade. They also owned Master Marine, a shipbuilding and fishing company in Alabama.

What was Moon's prediction regarding the fall of communism?

In 1972, Moon predicted that communism would fall in its 70th year, specifically referencing 1978 as a borderline year after which communism would decline and be "altogether ruined." This prediction was based on his interpretation of biblical timelines.

What was the Peace Cup?

The Peace Cup was an international club soccer tournament sponsored by Sun Myung Moon starting in 2003. It aimed to promote peace through sports and involved top soccer clubs from around the world.

What criticism did Sun Myung Moon face regarding his religious claims?

Moon's claim to be the Messiah and the Second Coming of Christ was rejected by most Jewish and Christian scholars. His theological text, the Divine Principle, was labeled heretical by Protestant churches, and his teachings were seen as diverging from mainstream Christian doctrines.

What was the nature of the criticism against Moon's anti-communist activism?

During the Cold War, Moon's anti-communist activism drew criticism from both mainstream and alternative media. Some critics argued that his stance could escalate tensions and potentially lead to World War III or a nuclear holocaust.

What controversy arose from Moon's marriage ceremonies involving other religious figures?

Moon's mass wedding ceremonies drew controversy, particularly when figures from other churches participated. A notable instance involved the excommunicated Catholic archbishop Emmanuel Milingo marrying Maria Sung in a Unification Church blessing ceremony presided over by Moon.

What criticism did Moon receive regarding his relationships with political figures?

Moon faced criticism for his relationships with various political and religious leaders, including US Presidents Richard Nixon, George H.W. Bush, and George W. Bush; Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev; North Korean President Kim Il Sung; and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.

What was the "Koreagate" scandal in relation to Moon and the Unification Church?

During the investigation into the Koreagate scandal in 1977, a US House of Representatives subcommittee found that the South Korean National Intelligence Service (KCIA) had collaborated with the Unification Church to gain political influence in the United States. This included members working as volunteers in Congressional offices and the founding of the Korean Cultural Freedom Foundation for public diplomacy.

What criticism did Moon face for his stance on homosexuality?

Sun Myung Moon expressed strong opposition to homosexuality, reportedly comparing gay people to "dirty dung-eating dogs" and stating that "gays will be eliminated" by "purge on God's orders."

How did followers view Sun Myung Moon?

Followers viewed Sun Myung Moon as a model, a savior, and the embodiment of Divine Principle. They believed he possessed ultimate truth, had suffered valiantly, and had triumphed over spiritual and physical challenges to save humanity.

What was the "four-position foundation" concept in Unification theology?

The "four-position foundation," comprising Origin, Subject, Object, and Union, is a key interpretive concept in Unification theology. It helps explain the movement's emphasis on the family and the reciprocal interactions central to their understanding of God and creation.

What business did Moon establish in North Korea?

Sun Myung Moon established Pyeonghwa Motors, the first operating automobile manufacturing plant in North Korea. The Unification Church also became the second-largest exporter of Korean goods.

What was the nature of the criticism regarding Moon's support for the Japan-Korea Undersea Tunnel?

In 2009, Moon's support for a proposed Japan-Korea Undersea Tunnel faced criticism in both Japan and South Korea. Concerns were raised that the project could pose a threat to the national interests and identities of both nations.

What posthumous recognition did Sun Myung Moon receive from North Korea?

In 2012, Sun Myung Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea's National Reunification Prize. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un also expressed condolences to Moon's family, acknowledging his work for national concord, prosperity, reunification, and world peace.

What is the Sunhak Peace Prize?

The Sunhak Peace Prize was established in honor of Sun Myung Moon and his wife, Hak Ja Han, several months after Moon's death. It aims to recognize and empower innovations in human development, conflict resolution, and ecological conservation, awarding laureates a certificate, medal, and $1 million.

What was the criticism regarding the appointment of Moon's children to leadership positions?

Criticism was directed at Moon for appointing his children and their spouses to leadership roles within the Unification Church and its associated businesses. This included the appointment of his daughter, In Jin Moon, to the presidency of the Unification Church of the United States, which reportedly faced opposition from some members.

What was the stated purpose of the Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation?

Founded by Moon in 1964, the Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation aimed to promote the interests of South Korea and sponsored initiatives like Radio Free Asia. Former US Presidents Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Richard Nixon served as honorary presidents or directors at various times.

What did Sun Myung Moon say about his own identity and mission?

Sun Myung Moon stated that Jesus appeared to him at age 16, anointing him with the mission to complete Jesus' unfinished work by becoming a parent to all of humanity. He later officially conferred the title of "Messiah" upon himself in 1992.

What was the nature of the criticism regarding the Unification Church's relationship with Islam?

Following the September 11 attacks, the Unification Church faced criticism regarding its relationship with Islam, particularly in light of its association with figures like Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, with whom Moon co-sponsored the Million Family March.

What did Sun Myung Moon claim about the origin of the Unification Church's business activities?

Moon claimed that the "ocean business" was reserved for the Unification Church, stating he had already built the boats, caught fish, processed them, and established a distribution network. He also suggested that marrying American and Japanese members could help circumvent economic zones, declaring Gloucester, Massachusetts, was "almost a Moonie town."

What was the criticism leveled against the Divine Principle by Christian commentators?

Protestant commentators criticized the Divine Principle for doctrines they deemed contrary to Protestant beliefs, such as salvation by faith alone. Specific disagreements included the divinity of Christ, the virgin birth, Jesus' supposed need to marry, the necessity of the crucifixion, and the nature of Jesus' resurrection and second coming.

What was the Unification Church's role in the sushi trade?

The Unification Church owns True World Foods, which plays a major role in the sushi trade within the United States. This business is part of the larger True World Group conglomerate.

What was the purpose of the "give-and-take action" concept in Unification theology?

The concept of "give-and-take action," or reciprocal interaction, is a key interpretive tool in Unification theology. It describes the dynamic relationship between God and creation, and between individuals, emphasizing mutual influence and response.

What was the significance of Moon's visit to North Korea in 1991?

In 1991, Sun Myung Moon met with North Korean President Kim Il Sung to discuss peace on the Korean peninsula, international relations, and tourism. This meeting highlighted Moon's efforts to promote Korean reunification.

What was the criticism regarding the use of the term "Moonie"?

The term "Moonie," used to refer to followers of Sun Myung Moon, faced criticism for being offensive. Civil rights activists like Ralph Abernathy and James Bevel supported Moon in this controversy, defending him against media usage of the term.

What was the stated goal of founding the Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea?

Sun Myung Moon founded the Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea in 1962 with the stated goal of projecting a positive image of South Korea to the world through traditional Korean folk dances.

What criticism did Moon face from some members of his church regarding the Blessing ceremonies?

In the 1990s, Moon extended the Unification marriage blessing ceremony to non-members and members of other religions. This action drew criticism from some Unification Church members who felt it devalued the privilege and questioned the process.

What was the nature of the criticism regarding Moon's association with Richard L. Rubenstein?

Moon was criticized for his association with Richard L. Rubenstein, a scholar known for "death of God theology." Rubenstein defended the Unification Church, served on its advisory council, and was on the board of The Washington Times.

What was the criticism regarding Moon's family appointments?

Criticism was directed at Sun Myung Moon for appointing his children and their spouses to leadership positions within the church and its businesses. This practice raised concerns about nepotism among some church members.

What did the Divine Principle state about Sun Myung Moon's role?

The Divine Principle describes Sun Myung Moon as the one person sent by God to resolve fundamental problems, who wandered through the spirit world and fought against millions of devils to find ultimate truth. It states he brought to light "all the secrets of Heaven."

Sun Myung Moon Wiki: Sun Myung Moon: Faith, Influence, and Global Impact

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Overview

Korean Religious Leader

Sun Myung Moon (born Moon Yong-myeong; 6 January 1920 – 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader, businessman, and advocate for conservative political causes. He is recognized as the founder of the Unification Church, officially known as the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity.^[1]^[2]

Global Vision

Moon presented himself as a messiah claimant, aiming to establish God's kingdom on Earth. His teachings, outlined in the Divine Principle, emphasize the restoration of humanity through the "True Parents" (himself and his wife, Hak Ja Han) and the concept of "ideal families."^[3]

Influence and Controversy

His extensive activities spanned religious, business, media, and political spheres globally. While his followers revered him, his claims and practices often drew significant criticism and public scrutiny.^[1]^[5]

Early Life and Spiritual Awakening

Birth and Upbringing

Born Yong Myung Moon on January 6, 1920, in Chongju, Heianhoku-dō, Korea (then under Japanese rule), Moon was the second son in a farming family. His family initially followed Confucian traditions before converting to Christianity when he was around ten years old.^[15]

Spiritual Vision

Moon reported experiencing a religious vision of Jesus at the age of 16. This vision, he claimed, tasked him with fulfilling Jesus' unfinished mission on Earth, which involved establishing a divine lineage and uniting humanity under God.^[32]^[5]

Education and Early Activism

He studied electrical engineering at Waseda University in Japan. During this period, he engaged with the Korean independence movement and later, after World War II, became a staunch anti-communist following his experiences in North Korean labor camps.^[34]^[16]

Marriage and Blessing Ceremonies

First Marriage

Moon's first marriage was to Choi Sun-kil in 1944. They had a son, Sung Jin Moon. The marriage ended in divorce in 1957.^[1]

Union with Hak Ja Han

In 1960, Moon married Hak Ja Han, who became known as the "True Mother." Together, they were considered the "True Parents" by their followers, central figures in the Unification Church's theology of restoration.^[3]^[58]

Mass Weddings

The church became widely known for its mass wedding ceremonies, often referred to as "Blessings." These events involved matching couples, frequently from diverse national and racial backgrounds, to promote unity and fulfill Moon's vision of a global family.^[62]

Core Beliefs and Theology

Divine Principle

The foundational text of the Unification Church is the Divine Principle, co-authored by Moon and Hyo Won Eu. It outlines the church's theology, including God's purpose for creation, the fall of humanity, and the process of restoration.^[4]

God and Humanity

Unification theology views God as having both masculine and feminine aspects, the source of truth, beauty, and goodness. Humans and the universe are seen as reflections of God's personality, with the purpose of existence being to bring joy to God.^[70]

Restoration and True Parents

Moon's mission, as interpreted by his followers, was to complete Jesus' work by creating a perfect family and restoring humanity's relationship with God. He and Hak Ja Han are central to this concept as the "True Parents."^[33]

Move to the United States

Establishing a Presence

In 1971, Moon relocated to the United States, establishing a base in Irvington, New York. He began delivering public speeches, gaining significant media attention and introducing his movement to a wider audience.^[18]

Legal Challenges

In 1982, Moon was convicted in the U.S. for tax evasion, serving 13 months in prison. The trial sparked debates on religious freedom and accusations of prejudice against him.^[22]

Public Engagement

Moon actively engaged with public figures and organized large rallies, notably supporting President Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal, which brought considerable attention to the Unification Church.^[25]

Political Influence and Activism

Anti-Communism

Moon was a fervent anti-communist, viewing the Cold War as a spiritual battle. He founded organizations like CAUSA International to promote anti-communist education and supported movements such as the Nicaraguan Contras.^[119]^[48]

Korean Reunification

A central theme in Moon's political advocacy was the reunification of Korea. He engaged with leaders from both North and South Korea, including Kim Il Sung, and received posthumous recognition for his efforts from North Korea.^[27]^[130]

International Diplomacy

Moon sponsored various international conferences and initiatives, including those aimed at fostering peace in the Middle East and promoting dialogue between different political and religious groups, often through organizations like the Universal Peace Federation.^[135]

Business Ventures and Media

Media Holdings

Moon established News World Communications, an international media conglomerate. Its most prominent asset was The Washington Times, founded in 1982, which became a significant voice in American conservative media.^[89]

Industrial and Commercial Interests

Through Tongil Group, Moon's business interests expanded into pharmaceuticals, tourism, shipbuilding, and the seafood industry. True World Foods, a major player in the sushi trade, was among these ventures.^[11]^[166]

Sports and Arts

Moon also invested in sports, founding the successful South Korean football club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma. He also supported the arts, establishing the Universal Ballet and the Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea.^[137]^[163]

Recognition and Honors

Honorary Degrees

Moon received numerous honorary degrees from universities worldwide, reflecting his global reach and influence in religious and academic circles. Some institutions received significant funding from his organizations.^[174]

Awards and Accolades

He was honored with various awards and recognitions, including the National Reunification Prize from North Korea posthumously. His initiatives in peace and interfaith dialogue also garnered attention.^[130]

Interfaith and Political Support

Moon engaged with diverse political and religious figures, including US presidents, Soviet leaders, and civil rights activists. His efforts to promote racial harmony and family values were often highlighted.^[153]

Criticism and Controversy

Theological Disagreements

Moon's messianic claims and the doctrines of the Divine Principle were widely rejected by mainstream Christian denominations, who labeled them as heretical and contrary to established Christian theology.^[3]

Legal and Ethical Concerns

Moon faced legal challenges, including a conviction for tax evasion. Criticisms also extended to alleged cult-like practices, financial impropriety, and controversial statements regarding sexuality.^[22]^[48]

Political and Social Views

His strong anti-communist stance, relationships with controversial political figures, and public statements on issues such as homosexuality drew significant criticism and raised concerns about his influence and ideology.^[209]

Follower Perspectives

Devotion and Reverence

Followers often viewed Moon as a divinely appointed leader, a model of suffering, confidence, and love. They found his teachings provided a comprehensive framework for understanding life and the universe.^[188]

Intellectual Appeal

Sociologists noted the appeal of Moon's holistic vision and emphasis on unity in a complex world, attracting individuals seeking clear doctrines and a sense of purpose.^[213]

Nuanced Beliefs

While many were deeply devoted, some followers held nuanced views, respecting Moon as a religious leader without necessarily accepting all his claims, such as his messianic status.^[214]

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References

Raspberry, William, "Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial?", Washington Post, 19 April 1984

At Time of Change for Rev. Moon Church, a Return to Tradition // The New York Times, 14 October 2009

Mickler, Michael L. (2022). The Unification Church Movement. Cambridge University Press, p. 6.

"Rev. Moon oversaw large, often bickering brood". Associated Press, 2012.

Moon's Japanese Profits Bolster Efforts in U.S., Washington Post, 16 September 2008.

Raspberry, William, "Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial?", The Washington Post, 19 April 1984

Ahrens, Frank, "Moon Speech Raises Old Ghosts as the Times Turns 20", Washington Post, 23 May 2002. "As of this year, Moon and his businesses have plowed about $1.7 billion into subsidizing the Times, say current and former employees."

The Way of Restoration, (April 1972)

Projections about a post-Soviet world-twenty-five years later. // Goliath Business News

News and Curiosities, Prospect, September 2006

'Moonies' launch political party in S Korea,The Independent (South Africa), 10 March 2003

Restoration Through Indemnity And America's Role 23 March 1974

Raspberry, William, "Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial?", Washington Post, 19 April 1984

Philippines political leader visits Kodiak, Kodiak Mirror, September 14, 2010

Thomas Ward, 2006, Give and Forget

John Warwick Montgomery and Thomas J. J. Altizer, The Altizer-Montgomery Dialogue: A Chapter in the God is Dead Controversy (InterVarsity Press, Chicago, 1967), p.7

"Rabbi Joins the Board of Moonie Newspaper", The Palm Beach Post, 21 May 1978

A full list of references for this article are available at the Sun Myung Moon Wikipedia page

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Academic Disclaimer

Important Considerations

This content has been generated by an AI model for educational purposes, drawing upon publicly available information. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and adherence to the provided source material, it is intended as an academic overview and not as a definitive or exhaustive account.

This is not an endorsement or critique of any religious or political movement. The information presented is for informational and analytical purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for independent research or critical evaluation. Users are encouraged to consult primary sources and diverse scholarly perspectives for a comprehensive understanding.

The creators of this page are not responsible for any interpretations or actions taken based on the information provided herein.

Sun Myung Moon

💡 Dive in with Flashcard Learning! 💡

Overview 👤

🇰🇷 Korean Religious Leader

🕊️ Global Vision

🌐 Influence and Controversy

Early Life and Spiritual Awakening 🌱

👶 Birth and Upbringing

🌟 Spiritual Vision

📚 Education and Early Activism

Marriage and Blessing Ceremonies 💍

🤝 First Marriage

💖 Union with Hak Ja Han

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Mass Weddings

Core Beliefs and Theology 📜

📖 Divine Principle

😇 God and Humanity

✨ Restoration and True Parents

Move to the United States ✈️

🇺🇸 Establishing a Presence

⚖️ Legal Challenges

🗣️ Public Engagement

Political Influence and Activism 🏛️

🚩 Anti-Communism

🤝 Korean Reunification

🇺🇳 International Diplomacy

Business Ventures and Media 🏢

📰 Media Holdings

🚢 Industrial and Commercial Interests

⚽ Sports and Arts

Recognition and Honors ⭐

🎓 Honorary Degrees

🏆 Awards and Accolades

🤝 Interfaith and Political Support

Criticism and Controversy ⚠️

⛪ Theological Disagreements

⚖️ Legal and Ethical Concerns

🌍 Political and Social Views

Follower Perspectives 👥

🙏 Devotion and Reverence

💡 Intellectual Appeal

🤔 Nuanced Beliefs

Related Topics 🔗

📜 Key Concepts

👥 Key Figures

Teacher's Corner 🧑‍🏫

Edit and Print this course in the Wiki2Web Teacher Studio

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References

📜 References

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Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Overview

Korean Religious Leader

Global Vision

Influence and Controversy

Early Life and Spiritual Awakening

Birth and Upbringing

Spiritual Vision

Education and Early Activism

Marriage and Blessing Ceremonies

First Marriage

Union with Hak Ja Han

Mass Weddings

Core Beliefs and Theology

Divine Principle

God and Humanity

Restoration and True Parents

Move to the United States

Establishing a Presence

Legal Challenges

Public Engagement

Political Influence and Activism

Anti-Communism

Korean Reunification

International Diplomacy

Business Ventures and Media

Media Holdings

Industrial and Commercial Interests

Sports and Arts

Recognition and Honors

Honorary Degrees

Awards and Accolades

Interfaith and Political Support

Criticism and Controversy

Theological Disagreements

Legal and Ethical Concerns

Political and Social Views

Follower Perspectives

Devotion and Reverence

Intellectual Appeal

Nuanced Beliefs

Related Topics

Key Concepts

Key Figures

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Academic Disclaimer

Important Considerations