What is the primary demographic of tourists visiting North Korea?

The majority of tourists visiting North Korea are Chinese nationals. An estimate from 2019 indicated that up to 120,000 Chinese tourists visited in the preceding year, in contrast to fewer than 5,000 from Western countries.

When did North Korea close its borders to foreign tourists due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and what were the economic consequences?

North Korea closed its borders to foreign tourists on January 22, 2020, as a measure against the COVID-19 pandemic. By April 2021, the economic losses resulting from this closure were estimated to be at least US$175 million.

What was the recent development regarding the reopening of North Korea's borders to tourism after the pandemic?

In January 2024, it was announced that a group of Russian tourists would be allowed into the country, marking the first foreign visitors since the border closure. Subsequently, in February 2025, North Korea reopened tourism to foreigners after a five-year lockdown, though the capital city, Pyongyang, remained off-limits. However, this reopening was short-lived, as borders were closed again in March 2025.

When did North Korea begin developing its tourism sector, and what international organization did it join?

North Korea started developing its tourism sector in the 1980s. During this decade, the National Tourism Administration of North Korea was established, and the country joined the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).

What was the purpose and significance of the Chongnyon Hotel in Pyongyang?

The Chongnyon Hotel in Pyongyang was constructed in preparation for the 1989 World Festival of Youth and Students. It was the fourth large-capacity accommodation built in Pyongyang after the Korean War and the first specifically intended for foreign tourists. Although renovated in 2017, a 2019 survey of guests still described it as 'basic,' citing issues like power outages and uncomfortable mattresses.

Describe the Yanggakdo International Hotel and its standing among international visitors.

The Yanggakdo International Hotel is a 47-story building that generally receives better reviews than the Chongnyon Hotel. Constructed between 1986 and 1992 by a French company, it opened in 1995. With one thousand rooms and a revolving restaurant, it is noted as the largest hotel and the most frequently visited by international guests.

What is the status of the Ryugyong Hotel and its construction history?

Construction on the Ryugyong Hotel and leisure center began in 1987 but was halted in 1992 due to North Korea's economic crisis following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Exterior completion occurred in 2011, with partial opening announced for 2013 but later canceled. As of 2024, the government was seeking a casino operator to complete the building in exchange for casino profits.

When was the Tour Guide-Interpreter School established in North Korea, and what was its purpose?

The Tour Guide-Interpreter School was opened on February 5, 1987, with the objective of training tour guides who were proficient in foreign languages.

What was the Mount Kumgang Tourist Region, and why was South Korean tourism there suspended?

The Mount Kumgang Tourist Region was established in 2002 near the southern border, opening Mount Kumgang to South Korean visitors. Between 1998 and 2008, it received nearly two million South Korean tourists. However, tourism was halted in 2008 after a South Korean citizen was fatally shot by a North Korean soldier in the area.

What actions did North Korea take regarding South Korean facilities at Mount Kumgang?

In 2019, North Korea announced its intention to demolish all facilities built by South Korea in the Mount Kumgang Tourist Region. By 2024, most of these facilities had been removed, and the closure of the Mount Kumgang Tourist Region Administration office was announced in the same year.

How did North Korea engage with the UNWTO in 2001?

In 2001, North Korea established formal ties with Spain and dispatched a diplomatic mission to the UNWTO headquarters in Madrid. This initiative aimed to acquire knowledge and foster connections within the international tourism community.

What is the 'byungjin' policy, and how did it relate to tourism development?

The 'byungjin' policy, declared in 2013, aimed to simultaneously advance both the nuclear weapons program and the economy. As part of the economic development strategy, tourism infrastructure was pursued nationwide, leading to the construction of new facilities.

Which major tourism infrastructure projects were completed in North Korea in the 2010s?

In the 2010s, North Korea saw the completion of several tourism infrastructure projects. These included the Masikryong Ski Resort, which opened in 2013, and the Yangdok Hot Spring Cultural Recreation Center, which opened in 2019.

What is the status of the Wonsan-Kalma Coastal Tourist Zone?

The Wonsan-Kalma Coastal Tourist Zone, a large beach resort project on the east coast, began construction in 2018. Its development was prioritized even over rebuilding flood-damaged areas. The resort opened in July 2025 to domestic tourists, six years after its initial planned completion date.

How has the Pyongyang Tourism College evolved?

The Tour Guide-Interpreter School, established in 1987, was transformed into the Pyongyang Tourism College in April 2014. Its curriculum expanded to include tourism management and administration, incorporating online options, overseas training for lecturers, and foreign visiting lecturers for language and specialized instruction.

What alternative tourism activities does North Korea offer besides traditional sightseeing?

Beyond sightseeing landmarks like Panmunjom, Kaesong, and Nampo, North Korea offers alternative activities. These include participation in the Pyongyang Marathon (open to foreign amateurs since 2014) and surfing tours. In 2019, the country also began exploring medical tourism with the establishment of the Treatment Tourism Exchange Corporation.

What is the estimated investment in tourism infrastructure by Kim Jong-Un?

As of 2021, it is estimated that Kim Jong-Un has invested approximately US$7.8 billion in hotel renovations and tourism amenities. In 2023, a law was adopted to 'revitalize' tourism.

Why is North Korea pursuing tourism development despite international sanctions?

North Korea is heavily reliant on foreign currency due to international economic sanctions, and tourism is one of the few economic sectors largely untouched by UN sanctions. The government also aims to capitalize on the global tourism boom in East Asia.

What has been the estimated increase in tourism revenues in North Korea prior to the pandemic?

Although official statistics are unavailable, it is estimated that North Korea's tourism revenues increased by approximately 400 percent between 2014 and 2019. These revenues provided crucial foreign currency for the regime until the country closed its borders in January 2020.

How does the cost of tourism services in North Korea compare to the average North Korean's income?

The cost of tourism services in North Korea is prohibitively high for the average citizen. For example, a one-night stay at the Hyangsan Hotel in 2021 cost $1,500, which is equivalent to nearly 85% of a North Korean's average annual income.

What is the perspective of North Korean defectors on foreign tourism?

Most North Korean defectors are against foreign tourism, believing that the income generated primarily supports the regime rather than the populace. They also argue that tourism does little to change North Koreans' perceptions of the outside world, as tourists are kept isolated from experiencing the daily lives of most citizens and are shielded from negative realities.

What are the registration requirements for travelers arriving in North Korea?

Travelers entering North Korea must register with the relevant North Korean government authorities within 24 hours of their arrival. This registration is typically facilitated through their host organization or the hotel where they are staying.

What are the risks associated with unauthorized contact between foreign tourists and local populations in North Korea?

Interactions between foreign tourists and local North Koreans are tightly controlled. In 2024, talking to North Koreans without authorization is considered spying and is subject to severe punishment. Visitors are also warned that sharing personal electronic devices like mobile phones or iPods with locals puts them at high risk due to strict laws against foreign media and communications.

What communication devices are prohibited for tourists in North Korea?

Tourists are not permitted to bring satellite phones or drones into North Korea. Additionally, electronic devices such as USB drives, CDs, DVDs, tablets, laptops, smartphones, and digital cameras are subject to thorough investigation by customs officers upon arrival.

What types of literature and media are forbidden for tourists to bring into North Korea?

Tourists are prohibited from bringing Western literature about North Korea, travel guides for North Korea, South Korea, or Japan, as well as pornography or any content critical of the North Korean government. These items are typically confiscated by customs officials.

What are the rules regarding the use of local currency by foreigners in North Korea?

Foreigners are forbidden from using the North Korean won. They must use foreign currency, with the Euro being the most widely accepted, followed by US dollars and Chinese yuan. Tourists cannot use ATMs or credit/debit cards and are advised to carry sufficient foreign cash in small denominations.

What are the consequences for showing disrespect towards North Korean leaders or symbols?

Disrespect towards the North Korean nation, its leaders, or national symbols is considered highly offensive by authorities and can lead to severe consequences, including long-term imprisonment, hard labor, or even death, as exemplified by the case of Otto Warmbier.

What is the preferred name for North Korea when addressing officials or in official contexts?

Visitors are advised to refer to the country as the DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) rather than 'North Korea' to show proper respect.

Where are foreigners permitted to shop in North Korea?

Foreign visitors are restricted to shopping only at stores that are designated specifically for foreigners.

What are the restrictions on photography for tourists in North Korea?

Tourists must obtain permission from their designated guide before taking photographs, especially of people. Photography is prohibited in areas not designated as public tourist sites, and sensitive subjects include military zones, property, soldiers, scenes of poverty, and construction sites. Close-up photos of statue heads are forbidden; only full statue photos are allowed.

What are the specific clothing requirements for visiting the Mansudae Grand Monument?

At the Mansudae Grand Monument, men are required to wear long trousers and closed-toe shoes, while women must wear skirts or dresses that reach below the knees, along with closed-toe shoes. Sandals and flip-flops are not permitted for either gender.

What is the dress code for visiting the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun?

Visitors to the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun must wear pants (for men) or dresses/skirts below the knee (for women), paired with a non-transparent shirt or blouse. While formal wear is appreciated, smart casual attire is acceptable as long as it includes a collared, button-up shirt. Jeans with tears, shorts, short skirts, sandals, and flip-flops are prohibited.

What travel advisory did the United States issue regarding North Korea in 2017?

On February 1, 2017, the United States issued a travel warning for North Korea, citing previous encounters and dangers faced by visitors. This was followed by a prohibition on the use of U.S. passports for travel to North Korea starting September 1, 2017, due to the risk of arrest and detention for actions not typically considered offenses elsewhere.

What is Canada's current travel recommendation for North Korea?

As of October 2024, Canada advises its citizens to avoid all travel to North Korea, which represents the highest level of security recommendation.

What is the current status of relations between North and South Korea concerning tourism?

As of 2025, North Korea and South Korea are technically still at war. A Pyongyang Cultural Language Protection Act adopted in January 2023 criminalizes South Korean vernacular, with potential sanctions including the death penalty, which impacts potential tourism or interaction between citizens of both countries.

Are independent tourist visits allowed in North Korea?

No, independent tourist visits are not permitted in North Korea, whether individually or in groups. Guided tours are mandatory for all foreign visitors.

What are the primary modes of transportation for tourists traveling to Pyongyang?

Tourists can fly directly to Pyongyang from Beijing, Shenyang, and Shanghai. Additionally, train services to Pyongyang are available from Beijing and Dandong, China.

Which private tour operators facilitate access to North Korea for Westerners?

Several private tour operators assist Westerners in gaining access to North Korea. These include Koryo Tours, Uri Tours, Lupine Travel, Rocky Road Travel, Juche Travel Services, KTG, and formerly FarRail Tours for specific railway tours.

What was the Otto Warmbier incident, and how did it affect tourism companies?

Otto Warmbier, an American college student, was arrested in North Korea in 2016 for allegedly taking a propaganda poster and was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor. He was later released in a coma and died shortly after returning to the U.S. This incident led his tour operator, Young Pioneer Tours (YPT), to stop taking U.S. citizens to North Korea due to the heightened risk, prompting other companies to review their policies as well.

What is the duration and status of the U.S. travel ban for North Korea?

The U.S. government announced a ban on U.S. citizens traveling to North Korea as tourists in July 2017, making U.S. passports invalid for such travel. This ban took effect on September 1, 2017, and has been extended annually, with the latest extension set to expire on August 31, 2025.

What led to the suspension of tours to Mount Kumgang in 2008?

Tours to Mount Kumgang, operated by South Korean companies, were suspended in late 2008 following the shooting death of a South Korean tourist by a North Korean soldier in the region.

What was the agreement between Hyundai Group and North Korea regarding tourism?

In July 2005, Hyundai Group reached an agreement with the North Korean government to open additional tourist destinations, including Mount Baekdu and Kaesong. Kaesong was subsequently opened for daily tours in December 2007.

Why were tours to Kaesong suspended in late 2008 and again in May 2010?

Tours to Kaesong were first suspended in December 2008 due to a political dispute involving propaganda balloons sent from South Korea into North Korea. They resumed in April 2010 but were suspended again in May 2010 following the sinking of the ROKS Cheonan.

When did China officially designate North Korea as a destination for organized outbound tours?

China officially designated North Korea as a destination for organized outbound tours for its residents in September 2008. In 2010, China listed North Korea as an 'Approved Destination,' which facilitates tourism for Chinese citizens.

What changes were made regarding mobile phone usage for tourists in North Korea in 2013?

As of January 2013, tourists were permitted to bring their own mobile phones into North Korea. Previously, foreigners had to surrender their phones at the border or airport before entering the country. However, to make or receive calls, a North Korean SIM card is still required.

What factors contributed to the decline in Chinese tourists visiting North Korea between 2010 and 2011?

A Chinese travel agency cited the limited number of tour packages and restrictions on where foreign tourists could travel as the primary reasons for the decrease in Chinese tourist interest between 2010 and 2011. Typically, only Pyongyang and Mount Kumgang were included in Chinese itineraries.

What is the status of casinos in North Korea concerning tourists?

While gambling is prohibited for North Korean citizens, two casinos operate in North Korea primarily for the Chinese tourist market: the Imperial Hotel & Casino in Rason and the Pyongyang Casino located within the Yanggakdo International Hotel in Pyongyang.

What are the general visa requirements for entering North Korea?

In principle, most individuals are allowed to travel to North Korea, with South Koreans and journalists being routinely denied entry, although exceptions have occurred. As of 2024, visas must typically be processed through licensed agents, though direct applications at North Korean embassies are possible but take longer.

How is a North Korean tourist visa typically issued?

A tourist visa is usually issued as a blue travel paper, referred to as a 'tourist card,' which is stamped by North Korean customs instead of the passport. This card is collected upon departure. Alternatively, a visa sticker can be endorsed in a visitor's passport if a North Korean diplomatic representation exists in the visitor's home country.

What restrictions apply to foreigners regarding movement within North Korea?

Visitors are not allowed to travel outside designated tour areas without their Korean guides accompanying them. This ensures that foreign tourists remain within controlled environments.

Tourism In North Korea Wiki: DPRK Journeys: An Analytical Overview of North Korean Tourism

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Tourism Overview

Government Control

Tourism in North Korea is exceptionally tightly regulated by the state. All travel arrangements must be made through government-approved entities, such as the Korea International Travel Company (KITC), Korean International Sports Travel Company (KISTC), Korean International Taekwondo Tourism Company (KITTC), and Korean International Youth Travel Company (KIYTC). Independent travel is not permitted.

Dominant Tourist Market

Historically, Chinese nationals constitute the vast majority of foreign visitors. Estimates suggest up to 120,000 Chinese tourists visited in a single year prior to the pandemic, starkly contrasting with fewer than 5,000 from Western countries during the same period.

Border Closures

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, North Korea implemented stringent border closures starting January 22, 2020. This measure, while aimed at public health, resulted in significant economic losses, estimated at over US$175 million. While there were brief reopenings for specific groups (e.g., Russian tourists in early 2024), the borders have seen intermittent closures, highlighting the ongoing sensitivity to external health and political factors.

Historical Context

Early Development (1980s-1990s)

Tourism initiatives began in the 1980s with the establishment of the National Tourism Administration and joining the UNWTO. The Chongnyon Hotel, built for the 1989 World Festival of Youth and Students, marked an early focus on foreign visitors, though later surveys noted basic conditions. The Yanggakdo International Hotel, opened in 1995, offered better amenities and became a primary destination for international guests. The ambitious Ryugyong Hotel project, started in 1987, faced significant delays due to economic crises.

Inter-Korean Tourism (1998-2008)

The Mount Kumgang region was opened to South Korean tourists in 1998, attracting nearly two million visitors over a decade. This joint venture, managed by both Koreas, was suspended in 2008 after a South Korean tourist was fatally shot by a North Korean soldier. Subsequent plans by North Korea to demolish South Korean-built facilities underscore the volatile political relationship impacting tourism.

Infrastructure Push (2010s-Present)

Following the 2013 "byungjin" policy (parallel development of nuclear weapons and economy), significant investment flowed into tourism infrastructure. Projects like the Masikryong Ski Resort (opened 2014) and the Yangdok Hot Spring Cultural Recreation Center (opened 2019) were prioritized. The Wonsan-Kalma beach resort, initiated in 2018, represents a large-scale development aimed at attracting tourists, particularly from China.

Political & Economic Drivers

Foreign Currency Needs

International economic sanctions severely impact North Korea's economy, creating a critical need for foreign currency. Tourism represents one of the few economic sectors relatively untouched by UN sanctions, making it a strategic priority for revenue generation.

Propaganda and Perception

The government views tourism infrastructure as a means to project an image of national strength and development. However, critics and defectors argue that the high costs and strict controls limit the impact on the general population and primarily serve to bolster the regime's image. Defectors often contend that tourism's benefits are minimal for citizens, while its revenue supports state control.

The 'Catch-22' of Control

A paradox exists where increasing tourism revenue necessitates relaxing restrictions on both visitors and citizens. However, such relaxation could inadvertently expose North Koreans to outside influences, potentially challenging the regime's narrative. This creates a delicate balancing act for authorities, limiting the potential scale and impact of tourism.

Operational Restrictions

Entry and Movement

All foreign visitors must register with authorities within 24 hours of arrival, typically facilitated by their hotel or tour operator. Interactions with local citizens are strictly controlled; unauthorized contact can be construed as espionage, carrying severe penalties. Movement outside designated tourist zones requires constant accompaniment by government-appointed guides.

Communications and Devices

While foreigners can purchase local SIM cards for international calls, using personal electronic devices (phones, laptops) to show foreign media or contact locals poses significant risks to North Korean citizens, potentially leading to severe punishment. Importing items like satellite phones, drones, Western literature, or anything critical of the government is prohibited. All electronic devices are subject to customs inspection.

Currency and Shopping

Foreigners are prohibited from using the North Korean won. Transactions must be conducted in foreign currency, primarily Euros, US Dollars, or Chinese Yuan. ATMs are unavailable, and credit/debit cards are not accepted. Visitors must carry sufficient cash. Shopping is restricted to designated stores catering to foreigners.

Cultural and Symbolic Respect

Showing disrespect towards national symbols, including flags, portraits of leaders, or propaganda materials, is considered highly offensive and can lead to severe consequences, including long-term imprisonment. Visitors are advised to use the official name "DPRK" rather than "North Korea." Strict dress codes apply at specific sites like the Mansu Hill Grand Monument and Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, requiring modest attire.

Photography Regulations

Photography is permitted only at designated tourist sites. Visitors must obtain permission from their guide before taking pictures, especially of people. Sensitive subjects, including military installations, scenes of poverty, construction sites, and close-ups of statues' heads, are strictly forbidden. Cameras must not have GPS functionality.

Visa Requirements

General Access

In principle, most nationalities can obtain a visa, with notable exceptions for South Korean citizens and journalists, who face significant hurdles. Visas are typically processed through licensed tour operators or, less commonly, directly via North Korean embassies abroad.

Visa Formats

The visa is often issued as a separate "tourist card," which is stamped by customs upon entry and exit, preserving the passport. Alternatively, upon request and if a diplomatic mission exists in the visitor's home country, a visa sticker can be placed directly in the passport.

Validity and Duration

Tourist visas are typically valid for three or six months, but the permitted duration of stay within that period is usually limited to a few days, reinforcing the controlled nature of visits.

Touring the DPRK

Mandatory Guidance

Independent travel is impossible; all visits must be part of organized, guided tours. While historically focused on Pyongyang, recent years have seen limited expansion to other regions like Rason and Chongjin, often catering to specific interests such as skiing at Masikryong Resort or cultural sites.

Chinese Tourist Logistics

China officially designated North Korea as an approved destination for its citizens in 2010. Tourist trains operate from Dandong, and limited self-driven tours have been permitted. However, interest has fluctuated due to restrictions and limited itineraries. Casinos exist in Rason and Pyongyang, primarily targeting Chinese visitors.

US Citizen Restrictions

Due to significant risks of arbitrary detention and the severe consequences faced by U.S. citizens for actions deemed illegal in the DPRK, the U.S. Department of State has prohibited the use of U.S. passports for travel to North Korea since September 2017. This ban has been extended annually.

South Korean Travel

Travel for South Korean citizens is highly restricted due to the ongoing technical state of war and political tensions. While specific zones like Mount Kumgang were opened previously, incidents and political disputes led to suspensions and the eventual seizure of South Korean assets.

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References

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Important Considerations

Travel Advisory

This content is intended for informational and educational purposes, providing an analytical overview of tourism in the DPRK based on available data. Travel to North Korea involves significant risks and is subject to the strict regulations and political climate of the country. Many governments strongly advise against all travel to the DPRK due to the high risk of arbitrary arrest and detention.

This is not travel advice. Always consult official government travel advisories and reputable sources before considering any travel to regions with complex political situations. The information presented here is not a substitute for professional security or diplomatic counsel.

DPRK Journeys

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Tourism Overview ℹ️

🔒 Government Control

🇨🇳 Dominant Tourist Market

🚫 Border Closures

Historical Context ⏳

📈 Early Development (1980s-1990s)

🇰🇷 Inter-Korean Tourism (1998-2008)

🏗️ Infrastructure Push (2010s-Present)

Political & Economic Drivers ⚖️

💰 Foreign Currency Needs

🚩 Propaganda and Perception

⚖️ The 'Catch-22' of Control

Operational Restrictions 📜

🛂 Entry and Movement

📱 Communications and Devices

💰 Currency and Shopping

🙏 Cultural and Symbolic Respect

📸 Photography Regulations

Visa Requirements 🛂

📄 General Access

📝 Visa Formats

⏳ Validity and Duration

Touring the DPRK ✈️

🚶 Mandatory Guidance

🇨🇳 Chinese Tourist Logistics

🇺🇸 US Citizen Restrictions

🇰🇷 South Korean Travel

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📜 References

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Important Considerations ⚠️

🌍 Travel Advisory

Dive in with Flashcard Learning!

Tourism Overview

Government Control

Dominant Tourist Market

Border Closures

Historical Context

Early Development (1980s-1990s)

Inter-Korean Tourism (1998-2008)

Infrastructure Push (2010s-Present)

Political & Economic Drivers

Foreign Currency Needs

Propaganda and Perception

The 'Catch-22' of Control

Operational Restrictions

Entry and Movement

Communications and Devices

Currency and Shopping

Cultural and Symbolic Respect

Photography Regulations

Visa Requirements

General Access

Visa Formats

Validity and Duration

Touring the DPRK

Mandatory Guidance

Chinese Tourist Logistics

US Citizen Restrictions

South Korean Travel

Teacher's Corner

True or False?

Test Your Knowledge!

Gamer's Corner

Discover other topics to study!

References

Feedback & Support

Important Considerations

Travel Advisory