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The organization ACT UP was formally established in New York City on March 12, 1987.
Answer: True
ACT UP was indeed founded in New York City on March 12, 1987, at the Lesbian and Gay Community Services Center.
Playwright Larry Kramer was a co-founder of ACT UP, motivated by profound dissatisfaction with the perceived inaction of established organizations such as Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC).
Answer: True
Larry Kramer, a prominent playwright, co-founded ACT UP, driven by his critique of the insufficient response from organizations like GMHC to the AIDS crisis.
ACT UP's national debut was marked by its participation in the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in October 1987, not a protest at the White House in early 1987.
Answer: True
ACT UP New York's national debut occurred at the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in October 1987, which included participation in the main rally and a civil disobedience action at the Supreme Court Building.
The Second National March on Washington served as a catalyst for the establishment of numerous ACT UP chapters throughout the United States.
Answer: True
The direct action tactics employed during the Second National March on Washington inspired participants to return to their home cities and establish new ACT UP chapters, leading to the organization's rapid expansion.
The protest against the Cosmopolitan article was instrumental in the formation of the first ACT UP caucus dedicated to women's issues.
Answer: True
The protest targeting the Cosmopolitan article marked a significant moment, leading to the establishment of the first ACT UP caucus specifically for women.
What is the complete designation of the organization commonly referred to as ACT UP?
Answer: AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power
ACT UP is an acronym for AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, an international grassroots political group dedicated to ending the AIDS pandemic.
At what location and on what date was ACT UP officially established?
Answer: New York City, New York on March 12, 1987
ACT UP was officially founded in New York City on March 12, 1987, at the Lesbian and Gay Community Services Center.
Identify the pivotal figure in ACT UP's formation recognized for critiquing established AIDS organizations.
Answer: Larry Kramer
Larry Kramer, a playwright, was a key figure in ACT UP's formation and was known for his vocal criticism of existing AIDS organizations.
What specific event signified the national debut of ACT UP New York?
Answer: The Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.
ACT UP New York's national debut occurred during the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in October 1987.
What direct consequence arose from the tactical approaches employed during the Second National March on Washington by ACT UP?
Answer: Local chapters were formed in multiple cities, leading to rapid expansion.
The direct action tactics used during the Second National March on Washington inspired participants to form new ACT UP chapters in various cities, contributing to the organization's rapid growth.
What significant internal organizational development emerged from the Cosmopolitan protest?
Answer: The formation of the first ACT UP caucus specifically for women.
The protest against the Cosmopolitan article was a pivotal moment that led to the formation of the first ACT UP caucus dedicated to women's issues.
The foundational objective of ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) was the direct conduct of medical research into AIDS treatments.
Answer: False
ACT UP's primary mission was political and activist in nature, focused on ending the AIDS pandemic through direct action, advocacy for policy change, and influencing medical research and treatment advancements, rather than directly conducting medical research itself.
ACT UP's initial demonstration on Wall Street resulted in the arrest of seventeen members, not over fifty.
Answer: True
On March 24, 1987, approximately 250 ACT UP members demonstrated at Wall Street and Broadway, leading to the arrest of seventeen individuals.
ACT UP protested the elevated price of AZT through an action involving infiltration of the New York Stock Exchange, where members chained themselves to the VIP balcony.
Answer: True
On September 14, 1989, ACT UP members infiltrated the New York Stock Exchange and chained themselves to the VIP balcony to protest the high cost of AZT.
ACT UP organized a protest against a Cosmopolitan magazine article that was perceived to minimize the risks associated with heterosexual HIV transmission.
Answer: True
ACT UP protested a Cosmopolitan magazine article that downplayed the risks of HIV transmission through heterosexual sex, organizing actions at the magazine's parent company.
The demonstration at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 11, 1988, was intended to halt the agency's operations for a day as a protest against its protracted drug approval procedures.
Answer: True
The demonstration at the FDA on October 11, 1988, aimed to shut down the agency to protest the slow pace of drug approval processes.
During the 'Stop the Church' protest, ACT UP activists did not peacefully distribute information; the demonstration involved disruptive and confrontational actions.
Answer: True
The 'Stop the Church' protest at St. Patrick's Cathedral on December 10, 1989, was characterized by disruptive actions such as interrupting Mass, chaining themselves to pews, and staging a 'die-in,' rather than peaceful information distribution.
ACT UP activists occupied the emergency room at St. Vincent's Hospital and placed condoms on crucifixes as part of their protest.
Answer: True
During a protest at St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Center, ACT UP activists took over the emergency room and covered crucifixes with condoms.
During the 'Day of Desperation' protests in 1991, ACT UP activists interrupted a news broadcast, chanting 'AIDS is news. Fight AIDS, not Arabs!'
Answer: True
During the 'Day of Desperation' protests in 1991, ACT UP activists interrupted the CBS Evening News broadcast with the chant 'AIDS is news. Fight AIDS, not Arabs!'
On Black Friday 1991, ACT UP activists protested at Macy's Herald Square concerning the store's decision not to rehire an HIV-positive individual employed as Santa Claus.
Answer: True
ACT UP activists protested at Macy's Herald Square on Black Friday 1991 against the store's refusal to rehire an HIV-positive Santa Claus.
A large condom was utilized to encase Senator Jesse Helms' residence as a protest against his position on AIDS funding and related policies.
Answer: True
Activists wrapped Senator Jesse Helms' home in a giant condom to protest his stance on AIDS funding and his homophobic rhetoric.
The 'Ashes Actions' consisted of scattering ashes on the White House lawn as a protest against the federal government's inadequate response to the AIDS crisis.
Answer: True
The 'Ashes Actions' involved scattering ashes on the White House lawn to protest the federal government's insufficient response to the AIDS crisis.
The 'Stop the Church' protest was a reaction to Cardinal O'Connor and the Catholic Church's stance against safe sex education and homosexuality, not their support for it.
Answer: True
The core disagreement precipitating the 'Stop the Church' protest was the Catholic Church's opposition to safe sex education and homosexuality, not its support.
ACT UP's Black Friday protest at Macy's was intended to highlight employment discrimination against individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
Answer: True
The protest at Macy's Herald Square on Black Friday aimed to draw attention to discrimination faced by HIV-positive individuals in employment, specifically concerning the rehiring of an HIV-positive Santa Claus.
ACT UP's protest at the General Post Office in April 1987 was strategically recognized as media-savvy due to its timing, coinciding with tax deadlines.
Answer: True
The demonstration at the General Post Office in April 1987 was considered media-savvy because it coincided with tax deadlines, ensuring greater media coverage.
Burroughs Wellcome reduced the price of AZT subsequent to ACT UP's infiltration of its corporate headquarters.
Answer: False
While Burroughs Wellcome did lower the price of AZT following a significant ACT UP protest, the action involved infiltration of the New York Stock Exchange, not the company's corporate headquarters. The protest highlighted the prohibitive cost of the drug.
What was the primary subject of protest during ACT UP's demonstration on Wall Street on March 24, 1987?
Answer: The high price of AZT and the need for a coordinated national AIDS policy.
The demonstration on Wall Street primarily protested the exorbitant cost of AZT and advocated for a comprehensive national policy to address the AIDS epidemic.
Identify the specific action that targeted Burroughs Wellcome in protest of the cost of AZT.
Answer: Chaining themselves to the VIP balcony of the New York Stock Exchange.
ACT UP members infiltrated the New York Stock Exchange and chained themselves to the VIP balcony to protest the high price of AZT, targeting Burroughs Wellcome.
What factors contributed to the significance of the April 1987 demonstration at the New York City General Post Office?
Answer: It coincided with tax deadlines and marked the association with the 'Silence=Death' Project.
The April 1987 demonstration at the General Post Office was significant because it coincided with tax deadlines, enhancing media visibility, and marked the beginning of ACT UP's association with the 'Silence=Death' Project.
Describe ACT UP's response to the January 1988 Cosmopolitan article that minimized the risks of heterosexual HIV transmission.
Answer: They organized a protest at the Hearst Building, Cosmopolitan's parent company.
In response to the Cosmopolitan article, ACT UP organized a protest at the Hearst Building, the parent company of Cosmopolitan, to challenge its misleading information.
What was the principal objective of the demonstration held at the FDA on October 11, 1988?
Answer: To shut down the agency for a day due to the slow drug approval process.
The primary objective of the October 11, 1988, demonstration at the FDA was to protest the slow drug approval process by halting agency operations for a day.
To what specific issue was the 'Stop the Church' protest at St. Patrick's Cathedral a response?
Answer: The Church's stance against safe sex education and homosexuality.
The 'Stop the Church' protest was a direct response to Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor and the Catholic Church's opposition to safe sex education and their stance on homosexuality.
Identify the action during which activists covered crucifixes with condoms.
Answer: The protest at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center.
During a protest at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center, ACT UP activists covered crucifixes with condoms as part of their demonstration.
What slogan did ACT UP activists chant during the 'Day of Desperation' protest that interrupted the CBS Evening News broadcast?
Answer: "AIDS is news. Fight AIDS, not Arabs!"
During the 'Day of Desperation' protests, ACT UP activists chanted 'AIDS is news. Fight AIDS, not Arabs!' while interrupting a news broadcast.
Articulate the specific reason behind ACT UP's protest at Macy's Herald Square on Black Friday 1991.
Answer: The store's discriminatory hiring practices regarding an HIV-positive employee.
The protest at Macy's Herald Square on Black Friday 1991 specifically addressed the store's discriminatory hiring practices concerning an HIV-positive employee.
The protest involving the encasement of Senator Jesse Helms' home in a giant condom served as a condemnation of what?
Answer: His homophobic statements and opposition to AIDS funding.
The protest involving wrapping Senator Jesse Helms' home in a giant condom was a condemnation of his homophobic statements and his opposition to AIDS funding.
What was the stated purpose of the 'Ashes Actions' undertaken by ACT UP?
Answer: To protest the federal government's inadequate response to the AIDS crisis.
The 'Ashes Actions' were conducted to protest the federal government's inadequate response to the AIDS crisis by scattering ashes on the White House lawn.
What was the fundamental disagreement between ACT UP and Cardinal O'Connor that precipitated the 'Stop the Church' protest?
Answer: The Church's stance against safe sex education and homosexuality.
The fundamental disagreement leading to the 'Stop the Church' protest was the Catholic Church's opposition to safe sex education and its stance on homosexuality.
ACT UP was not structured as a hierarchical organization with a singular leader; rather, it operated as a decentralized collective.
Answer: True
ACT UP functioned as an effectively leaderless group, organized through committees, rather than adhering to a hierarchical structure with a designated leader.
DIVA-TV played a crucial role in documenting ACT UP's activism by engaging in extensive videotaping.
Answer: True
DIVA-TV, an affinity group within ACT UP, focused on videotaping and documenting ongoing AIDS activism and community responses.
ACT UP deliberately opted against registering as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, prioritizing independence over potential government funding channels.
Answer: True
ACT UP's decision not to register as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit stemmed from a desire to maintain autonomy and avoid entanglement with governmental structures.
The Treatment Action Group (TAG) originated from internal deliberations within ACT UP concerning strategic approaches and the trajectory of the AIDS crisis.
Answer: True
Internal pressures and debates regarding strategy and the direction of the AIDS crisis within ACT UP led to the formation of the Treatment Action Group (TAG).
DIVA-TV's primary function was not to produce historical documentaries about the AIDS epidemic, but rather to document contemporary activism.
Answer: True
DIVA-TV, an affinity group within ACT UP, focused on videotaping and documenting ongoing AIDS activism and community responses, rather than producing historical documentaries.
The evolution of ACT UP was marked by a strategic divergence, with some members advocating for engagement 'inside' institutions and others prioritizing absolute independence.
Answer: True
Internal debates within ACT UP led to differing strategic approaches, with some members favoring working 'inside' institutions and others prioritizing complete independence.
Describe the organizational structure of ACT UP.
Answer: As a leaderless group with a formal committee structure.
ACT UP was structured as a leaderless group operating through a formal committee system, rather than a traditional hierarchy.
Through what primary means did DIVA-TV contribute to ACT UP's activism?
Answer: Videotaping and documenting AIDS activism.
DIVA-TV contributed to ACT UP's activism primarily through videotaping and documenting the movement's actions and events.
Articulate the rationale behind ACT UP's deliberate avoidance of registering as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit.
Answer: They believed it would compromise their independence from the government.
ACT UP deliberately avoided registering as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit because they felt it would compromise their independence from governmental influence.
The distribution of safer-sex packets by ACT UP Seattle contributed to the enactment of a "Harmful to Minors" law in Washington state.
Answer: True
ACT UP Seattle's distribution of safer-sex packets outside high schools led to the Washington state legislature passing a "Harmful to Minors" law.
ACT UP/Boston's advocacy efforts were directed towards state and national AIDS policies, insurers, and researchers, rather than primarily international policy.
Answer: True
ACT UP/Boston focused its activities on influencing state and national AIDS policies, engaging with insurers, and collaborating with researchers, rather than concentrating on international AIDS policy.
ACT UP/LA addressed critical issues such as healthcare access and LGBTQ+ civil rights.
Answer: True
ACT UP/LA's focus included significant work on healthcare access and the advancement of LGBTQ+ civil rights.
The 'Week of Outrage' was not organized solely by ACT UP/LA's Women's Caucus, but involved collaboration with the national organization.
Answer: True
The 'Week of Outrage' was a collaborative event involving ACT UP/LA and its Women's Caucus, in conjunction with the national ACT UP organization.
The Women's Caucus of ACT UP/LA empowered women with significant control over integrating their specific concerns into the organization's broader actions.
Answer: True
Contrary to the assertion of limited control, the Women's Caucus of ACT UP/LA was characterized by women having substantial control over incorporating their issues into the organization's activities, fostering male allyship.
ACT UP Vancouver dissolved around 1991 due to a lack of expertise and negative press that hindered reform efforts, rather than funding issues or internal disputes.
Answer: True
ACT UP Vancouver dissolved primarily due to challenges related to expertise and negative press coverage, which impeded their reform efforts, rather than internal disagreements or funding shortages.
ACT UP Montreal contributed to AIDS prevention by translating essential resources into French for the benefit of the Francophone population.
Answer: True
ACT UP Montreal played a vital role in AIDS prevention by translating prevention materials into French and creating resources for the Francophone community.
ACT UP Halifax employed a donkey named Pedro during a protest event to attract media attention.
Answer: True
ACT UP Halifax utilized a donkey named Pedro in a protest march to garner media attention.
ACT UP [London] holds the distinction of being the inaugural European chapter of ACT UP.
Answer: True
ACT UP [London] was established in January 1989, making it the first European chapter of the ACT UP organization.
ACT UP [London]'s first action targeted Wellcome's shareholder meeting to protest the company's role in manufacturing AZT, rather than targeting Texaco's headquarters.
Answer: True
ACT UP [London]'s inaugural action was directed at Wellcome's annual shareholder meeting, protesting the company's production of AZT, not at Texaco's headquarters.
Edinburgh ACT UP's principal campaign centered on influencing government funding allocations for AIDS services within Scotland.
Answer: True
Edinburgh ACT UP's most successful campaign focused on advocating for changes in how the Scottish government funded AIDS services.
Around 1994, ACT UP/San Francisco began to diverge from the established scientific consensus on AIDS.
Answer: True
Around 1994, ACT UP/San Francisco adopted positions that rejected the prevailing scientific consensus on AIDS, leading to internal divisions and condemnation from mainstream organizations.
Members of ACT UP/SF were not praised for their collaborative approach with mainstream health organizations; rather, their actions led to condemnation.
Answer: True
Members of ACT UP/SF faced criticism and condemnation for their actions, including accusations of threatening behavior and association with controversial stances, which contrasted sharply with a collaborative approach.
ACT UP/LA's Women's Caucus actively engaged in the promotion of safer sex practices tailored for women.
Answer: True
The Women's Caucus of ACT UP/LA was actively involved in promoting safer sex practices specifically for women.
What was the outcome of ACT UP Seattle's distribution of safer-sex packets outside high schools?
Answer: The passage of a "Harmful to Minors" law by the state legislature.
ACT UP Seattle's distribution of safer-sex packets led to the Washington state legislature enacting a "Harmful to Minors" law.
ACT UP/Boston's activities encompassed influencing policy and exerting pressure on which specific entities?
Answer: State and national AIDS policies, insurers, and researchers.
ACT UP/Boston focused its efforts on influencing state and national AIDS policies, pressuring insurers, and engaging with researchers.
According to the provided information, which of the following issues was NOT a focus for ACT UP/LA?
Answer: International trade agreements
ACT UP/LA's focus areas included healthcare access, LGBTQ+ civil rights, and needle exchange programs, but not international trade agreements.
What distinctive characteristic defined the Women's Caucus (WC) within ACT UP/LA?
Answer: Women had significant control over integrating women's issues into actions.
A distinctive characteristic of the Women's Caucus within ACT UP/LA was that women held significant control over integrating their specific issues into the organization's broader actions.
What were the primary factors contributing to the dissolution of ACT UP Vancouver around 1991?
Answer: A lack of expertise and negative press hindering reform efforts.
ACT UP Vancouver dissolved primarily due to a perceived lack of expertise and negative press that hindered reform efforts, rather than internal disagreements or funding shortages.
In what manner did ACT UP Montreal contribute to AIDS prevention efforts?
Answer: Translating resources into French and creating flyers for Francophones.
ACT UP Montreal contributed to AIDS prevention by translating essential resources into French and creating informational flyers for the Francophone population.
Identify ACT UP [London]'s inaugural action.
Answer: Targeting Wellcome's shareholder meeting regarding AZT.
ACT UP [London]'s inaugural action targeted Wellcome's annual shareholder meeting to protest the company's role in manufacturing AZT.
Edinburgh ACT UP's successful campaign was focused on altering which aspect of policy or funding?
Answer: How the government funded AIDS services in Scotland.
Edinburgh ACT UP's successful campaign focused on changing how the Scottish government allocated funding for AIDS services.
What controversial position did ACT UP/San Francisco adopt circa 1994?
Answer: Rejecting the scientific consensus on AIDS and HIV.
Around 1994, ACT UP/San Francisco adopted the controversial stance of rejecting the established scientific consensus on AIDS and HIV.
The 'Silence=Death' Project originated as a creation of ACT UP to disseminate its core message.
Answer: False
The 'Silence=Death' Project predated its adoption by ACT UP; it was an independent initiative whose iconic poster and slogan were subsequently embraced by ACT UP to amplify its advocacy.
Gran Fury was not an individual artist but rather an anonymous art collective responsible for ACT UP's visual media.
Answer: True
Gran Fury operated as an anonymous art collective, producing visual media for ACT UP to maintain group cohesion and avoid singling out individual members.
The 'Silence=Death' poster effectively reclaims the pink triangle symbol, which was historically employed by Nazis to designate homosexual men.
Answer: True
The 'Silence=Death' poster reclaims the pink triangle, a symbol historically used by Nazis to identify homosexual men in concentration camps, repurposing it as a symbol of resistance.
The pink triangle symbol, utilized by ACT UP, was historically a symbol of persecution by the Nazis for homosexual men, not a symbol of government support for AIDS research.
Answer: True
The pink triangle symbol, adopted by ACT UP, was historically used by Nazis to identify homosexual men in concentration camps, not as a symbol of government support for AIDS research.
What specific role did Gran Fury fulfill within the ACT UP organization?
Answer: The anonymous art collective responsible for visual media.
Gran Fury served as the anonymous art collective responsible for creating ACT UP's visual media and artistic messaging.
ACT UP successfully advocated for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to revise its definition of AIDS to include symptoms more prevalent in women, rather than solely focusing on symptoms prevalent in men.
Answer: True
ACT UP's advocacy efforts, particularly by its Women's Caucus, were crucial in prompting the CDC to revise its definition of AIDS to encompass conditions more frequently observed in women, thereby improving diagnosis and access to benefits.
ACT UP's direct actions, exemplified by the 'Seize Control of the FDA' protest, significantly influenced government agencies to incorporate activist perspectives into their decision-making processes.
Answer: True
Protests such as 'Seize Control of the FDA' compelled agencies like the FDA and NIH to begin including activists in their decision-making processes.
ACT UP's advocacy efforts were instrumental in the CDC's revision of the AIDS definition to encompass conditions more frequently observed in women, thereby improving diagnosis and access to benefits.
Answer: True
ACT UP's advocacy contributed significantly to the CDC revising its definition of AIDS to include symptoms more common in women, which improved diagnostic accuracy and access to federal benefits.
The activism of ACT UP served as an inspiration for the establishment of organizations such as Prevention Point Philadelphia and Housing Works.
Answer: True
ACT UP's work and activism inspired the creation of subsequent organizations focused on AIDS services and advocacy, including Prevention Point Philadelphia and Housing Works.
Based on the provided information, what constituted ACT UP's principal mission?
Answer: To end the AIDS pandemic through direct action and policy change.
ACT UP's principal mission was to end the AIDS pandemic through direct action, advocating for policy changes, and influencing medical research and treatment.
Regarding what specific issue did ACT UP's Women's Caucus primarily challenge the CDC?
Answer: The CDC's definition of AIDS, which overlooked symptoms in women.
ACT UP's Women's Caucus primarily challenged the CDC regarding its definition of AIDS, which frequently failed to recognize symptoms prevalent in women, impacting diagnosis and benefits.
In what manner did ACT UP's actions influence federal agencies such as the FDA and NIH?
Answer: The agencies began including activists in their decision-making processes.
ACT UP's actions, such as the 'Seize Control of the FDA' protest, influenced agencies like the FDA and NIH to begin incorporating activist perspectives into their decision-making processes.
Identify an organization mentioned as having been inspired by ACT UP's activism.
Answer: Housing Works
Housing Works is cited as an organization that was inspired by ACT UP's activism and work.