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An aerial tramway is characterized by cabins equipped with grips that are permanently affixed to the propulsion cable.
Answer: True
This is a defining characteristic of aerial tramways, distinguishing them from systems where cabins may detach at terminals.
Gondola lifts are typically reversible systems where cabins shuttle back and forth, stopping and reversing direction.
Answer: False
Gondola lifts are generally continuous circulation systems. Reversible systems, where cabins shuttle back and forth, are characteristic of aerial tramways.
An aerial tramway system is dependent solely upon a moving cable for both support and propulsion.
Answer: False
Aerial tramways utilize stationary support cables (track cables) in addition to the moving haulage rope for propulsion.
Propulsion in an aerial tramway is achieved by electric motors driving the haulage rope, to which cabins are attached via a grip mechanism.
Answer: True
Electric motors power the haulage rope, and the cabins are secured to this rope by a grip mechanism.
Aerial tramways are classified as 'continuous systems' because their cabins circulate constantly without stopping.
Answer: False
Aerial tramways are typically 'reversible systems,' meaning cabins travel back and forth and the haulage rope stops and reverses. Continuous circulation is characteristic of gondola lifts.
The 'jig-back' system utilizes the weight of one descending cabin to aid in pulling the ascending cabin in two-car aerial tramways.
Answer: True
This counterbalancing principle is fundamental to the operation of the jig-back system in two-car aerial tramways.
What is a defining characteristic of an aerial tramway's cabin grip mechanism?
Answer: The grip is permanently fixed to the propulsion cable.
The permanent attachment of the grip mechanism to the propulsion cable is a fundamental feature distinguishing aerial tramways.
How does an aerial tramway typically differ from a gondola lift in terms of operation?
Answer: Aerial tramways are typically reversible systems, while gondola lifts are continuous.
Aerial tramways operate on a reversible principle with cabins shuttling back and forth, whereas gondola lifts employ a continuous circulation system.
What are the two types of cables used in an aerial tramway system as described in the source?
Answer: Track cables (support) and haulage rope (propulsion)
Aerial tramways utilize stationary track cables for support and a moving haulage rope for propulsion.
How is motive force typically generated and applied in an aerial tramway?
Answer: An electric motor driving the haulage rope, connected to cabins via grips.
Electric motors are employed to drive the haulage rope, which subsequently propels the cabins through their attached grip mechanisms.
What does it mean for an aerial tramway to be classified as a 'reversible system'?
Answer: Cabins travel back and forth between two terminals, and the haulage rope stops and reverses.
A reversible system signifies that cabins traverse between two points, with the propulsion cable stopping and reversing direction to facilitate this movement.
In the 'jig-back' system, what assists in moving the cabins?
Answer: The weight of the descending cabin helps pull the ascending cabin.
The jig-back system leverages the gravitational potential energy of the descending cabin to assist in the ascent of the opposing cabin.
What is the function of the middle cable in the configuration shown in the 'HoldAndPull.jpg' image?
Answer: To support the weight of the gondola or cabin.
In systems depicted like 'HoldAndPull.jpg', the middle cable serves the critical function of bearing the load of the gondola or cabin.
Fausto Veranzio designed the first operational aerial tramway in Gdańsk, Poland.
Answer: False
Fausto Veranzio is credited with the initial design of an aerial lift, but Adam Wybe constructed the first operational aerial tramway in Gdańsk in 1644.
Adam Wybe's 1644 aerial tramway was primarily used for transporting passengers between cities.
Answer: False
Adam Wybe's pioneering aerial tramway in 1644 was utilized for engineering purposes, specifically for transporting soil to construct defensive fortifications.
The development of steel cables was a key technological advancement incorporated into aerial lifts built around the mid-19th century.
Answer: True
The introduction of iron wire cable, and subsequently steel cables, marked a significant technological progression in aerial lift construction around the mid-19th century, approximately two centuries after earlier systems.
Leonardo Torres Quevedo designed the first aerial tramway intended solely for public passenger transport.
Answer: True
Quevedo's innovative designs led to the first aerial tramway specifically engineered for public passenger transportation, operational from 1907.
Who is credited with the initial design of an aerial lift, and who built the first operational one?
Answer: Fausto Veranzio designed it; Adam Wybe built it.
Fausto Veranzio is recognized for the initial conceptual design, while Adam Wybe was responsible for the construction of the first operational aerial tramway.
What was the primary purpose of Adam Wybe's aerial tramway built in 1644?
Answer: Moving soil for defensive fortifications.
Wybe's early system was engineered for the practical task of moving earth for the construction of fortifications.
What technological advancement was incorporated in cable lifts built around the mid-19th century, distinguishing them from earlier systems like Wybe's?
Answer: The use of iron wire cable.
The transition to iron wire cable represented a significant material and engineering advancement over the ropes used in earlier constructions.
Who designed the first aerial tramway specifically for public passenger transport, and where was it installed?
Answer: Leonardo Torres Quevedo in San Sebastián
Leonardo Torres Quevedo's pioneering work resulted in the first aerial tramway designed exclusively for public passenger transport, inaugurated in San Sebastián.
During the early 20th century, aerial tramways were vital for transporting ore in mountainous mining regions.
Answer: True
Aerial tramways proved indispensable for efficiently moving materials from high-altitude mines to processing facilities during this period.
The Kennecott Copper mine in Alaska and operations in the Alps were major North American users of early aerial tramways.
Answer: False
While the Kennecott Copper mine in Alaska was a significant user, the Alps are in Europe, not North America. Major North American users included operations in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado.
Aerial tramways were generally more expensive to build than rack railways for accessing high mountain areas.
Answer: False
Aerial tramways offered a more economical solution for accessing high mountain regions compared to the construction costs associated with rack railways.
The first passenger aerial tramway in North America was established in New Hampshire in 1938.
Answer: True
The aerial tramway at Cannon Mountain in Franconia, New Hampshire, marked the introduction of passenger aerial tramways to North America in 1938.
Which industry heavily relied on aerial tramways in the early 20th century for transporting materials from high-altitude locations?
Answer: Mining
The mining sector extensively utilized aerial tramways for the efficient transport of extracted materials from challenging high-altitude terrains.
Compared to rack railways, aerial tramways were considered a more ______ option for accessing high mountain areas.
Answer: Economical
Aerial tramways presented a more cost-effective solution for accessing elevated mountain locations relative to the infrastructure demands of rack railways.
The Doppelmayr Garaventa Group, the Leitner Group, and Poma are minor players in the current aerial lift market.
Answer: False
These three entities are recognized as the dominant global manufacturers in the contemporary aerial lift industry.
The Vanoise Express cable car in France is known for its single-deck cabins carrying a small number of passengers.
Answer: False
The Vanoise Express is distinguished by its double-deck cabins, each capable of accommodating 200 passengers, representing a significant capacity.
The CabriO cable car on the Stanserhorn in Switzerland offers an open-air seating area on its upper deck.
Answer: True
The CabriO design incorporates an open-air upper deck, providing passengers with an unobstructed panoramic viewing experience.
The 'Wings of Tatev' in Armenia holds the record for the world's longest continuously operating aerial tramway.
Answer: False
The 'Wings of Tatev' holds the record for the world's longest single-section reversible cable car line, not the longest continuously operating one.
The Masada cableway in Israel has the world's highest station.
Answer: False
The Masada cableway is recognized for having the world's lowest station, situated significantly below sea level.
The Testa Grigia aerial tramway is primarily used for transporting skiers to a glacier.
Answer: True
This tramway facilitates access for skiers to a glacier situated at a high altitude.
The Titlis gondola is designed with stationary cabins to ensure stability.
Answer: False
The Titlis gondola features rotating cabins, allowing passengers to enjoy panoramic views, rather than stationary ones for stability.
The Table Mountain Aerial Cableway uses rotating cabins to offer passengers a 360-degree view.
Answer: True
The rotating design of the cabins on the Table Mountain Aerial Cableway is specifically intended to provide passengers with comprehensive 360-degree panoramic vistas.
The Kalklinbanan-Granhammar image shows a system for transporting passengers between ski resorts.
Answer: False
The Kalklinbanan-Granhammar image depicts a ropeway conveyor system utilized for transporting limestone, not passengers between ski resorts.
Lift-World.info is mentioned as a resource for information on the Tatever ropeway in Armenia.
Answer: False
Lift-World.info is cited as a general database for aerial tramways; specific mention of the Tatever ropeway is made separately, though it is likely cataloged there.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major global manufacturer dominating the aerial lift market today?
Answer: Ropeway Systems Inc.
The dominant manufacturers identified are the Doppelmayr Garaventa Group, the Leitner Group, and Poma. 'Ropeway Systems Inc.' is not listed among them.
What unique feature distinguishes the Vanoise Express cable car in France?
Answer: It features double-deck cabins capable of carrying 200 passengers each.
The Vanoise Express is notable for its substantial capacity, facilitated by its double-deck cabins, each designed to transport 200 individuals.
The CabriO cable car on the Stanserhorn in Switzerland is known for its:
Answer: Open-air upper deck seating.
The CabriO's distinctive feature is its open-air upper deck, providing passengers with an immersive scenic experience.
Which aerial tramway holds the record for the world's lowest station?
Answer: The Masada cableway
The Masada cableway in Israel holds the distinction of operating the world's lowest-altitude station.
What type of transportation is depicted in the Kalklinbanan-Granhammar image?
Answer: A ropeway conveyor for transporting limestone.
The Kalklinbanan-Granhammar image illustrates an industrial ropeway system designed for the transport of limestone.
The 1960 Monte Faito cableway accident was caused by a cabin detaching completely from its support structure.
Answer: False
The accident occurred when a main cable slipped off its pulley as a cabin approached the terminal, leading to a fall, rather than a complete detachment from the structure.
The Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway accident in 1961 was caused by a military plane damaging the hauling cable.
Answer: True
A military aircraft's action resulted in the splitting of the hauling cable, leading to the catastrophic failure of the tramway.
In the 1974 Ulriksbanen accident, the carrying rope broke, causing the carriage to fall.
Answer: False
The Ulriksbanen accident involved the breakage of the tow rope, which caused the carriage to derail from the carrying rope after jamming.
The 1976 Cavalese cable car crash was a result of a broken cable, leading to a cabin falling and causing 43 fatalities.
Answer: True
A broken cable caused a cabin to fall in Cavalese in 1976, resulting in a tragic loss of 43 lives.
During the 1978 Squaw Valley incident, the cabins detached due to excessive speed.
Answer: False
The Squaw Valley incident involved carrying ropes detaching from their support tower due to storm damage, not excessive speed.
The 1990 Tbilisi Cable car accident involved the failure of a carrying rope, resulting in multiple deaths and injuries.
Answer: False
The Tbilisi accident was caused by the failure of a hauling rope, not a carrying rope.
The 1998 Cavalese cable car disaster was caused by U.S. Marine Corps jets severing the aerial ropeway's cable.
Answer: True
The tragic event in Cavalese in 1998 was directly linked to the actions of U.S. Marine Corps jets cutting the aerial ropeway's cable.
In the 1999 Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy accident, the cable car fell 80 meters after detaching from its cable, killing all 20 occupants.
Answer: True
The Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy disaster involved a car plummeting 80 meters following detachment from its cable, resulting in the loss of all 20 lives aboard.
The Darjeeling Ropeway incident in 2003 involved a collision between two cars.
Answer: False
The Darjeeling Ropeway incident in 2003 involved three cars slipping off their cable, not a collision between cars.
The 2004 Yerevan urban cable car incident involved one cabin derailing and falling, while the other collided with the lower station.
Answer: True
The Yerevan incident was characterized by one cabin derailing and falling, while the second cabin impacted the lower station.
The 2012 Alyeska Resort Aerial Tramway incident was caused by mechanical failure leading to a cabin crash.
Answer: False
The 2012 incident at Alyeska Resort was caused by high winds that blew the tram sideways, causing it to impale itself on a tower guide, not by mechanical failure leading to a crash.
In the 2021 Stresa-Mottarone disaster, a cable failure near the summit resulted in 14 deaths.
Answer: True
A critical cable failure near the summit of Mottarone mountain led to the tragic deaths of 14 individuals in 2021.
The Ještěd mountain cable car accident in 2021 involved a cabin falling after its carrying cable snapped.
Answer: False
The Ještěd accident involved a cabin detaching from its cable, not the carrying cable snapping.
The 2024 Antalya, Turkey cable car accident resulted in one fatality and seven injuries after a cabin collided with a pole.
Answer: True
A collision with a pole caused a cabin to break open in Antalya, Turkey, leading to one fatality and seven injuries.
What was the primary cause of the 1960 Monte Faito cableway accident?
Answer: A main cable slipped off its pulley.
The Monte Faito accident was precipitated by a main cable dislodging from its pulley mechanism.
The 1961 Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway accident tragically resulted in fatalities due to:
Answer: A military plane splitting the hauling cable.
The catastrophic failure leading to fatalities in the Vallée Blanche accident was caused by a military aircraft severing the hauling cable.
In the 1974 Ulriksbanen accident, what component failed, leading to the carriage's derailment and fall?
Answer: The tow rope
The failure of the tow rope was the critical event that led to the carriage's derailment and subsequent fall in the 1974 Ulriksbanen accident.
Which aerial tramway disaster in 1998 involved U.S. military aircraft?
Answer: The Cavalese cable car disaster
The 1998 Cavalese cable car disaster was caused by U.S. Marine Corps jets severing the aerial ropeway's cable.
How many people lost their lives in the 1999 Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster?
Answer: 20
All 20 occupants of the cable car perished in the tragic accident in Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy in 1999.
What happened on the Darjeeling Ropeway in 2003, resulting in fatalities?
Answer: Three cars slipped off their cable.
The 2003 incident on the Darjeeling Ropeway involved three cars disengaging from their cable, leading to fatalities and injuries.
The 2004 Yerevan urban cable car incident involved:
Answer: A single cabin falling after derailment, and the other colliding with the station.
The Yerevan incident comprised two distinct failures: one cabin derailed and fell, while the other impacted the lower station.
What caused the damage to the Alyeska Resort Aerial Tramway in 2012?
Answer: High winds causing the tram to impale itself on a tower.
Extreme wind conditions were the cause of the damage, forcing the tram sideways into a tower.
In the 2021 Ještěd mountain cable car accident, what was the immediate cause of the fatality?
Answer: A cabin detached from its cable.
The fatal outcome in the Ještěd accident was a direct result of a cabin becoming detached from its supporting cable.
In British English, the term 'cable car' exclusively refers to street trams pulled by a cable.
Answer: False
In British English, 'cable car' commonly denotes an aerial tramway. The exclusive reference to street trams is more typical of American English usage.
The term 'ropeway' is used in Japan to specifically denote aerial tramways, distinct from gondola lifts.
Answer: False
In Japan, the term 'ropeway' is generally used to categorize both aerial tramways and gondola lifts, rather than distinguishing between them.
The Willem Hondius etching in the gallery depicts the San Francisco cable car system.
Answer: False
The Willem Hondius etching illustrates Adam Wybe's early cable car system in Gdańsk, Poland, not the San Francisco system.
The 'See also' section lists 'Cable ferry' and 'Chairlift' as related topics to aerial tramways.
Answer: True
The 'See also' section typically enumerates related concepts and transport systems, including 'Cable ferry' and 'Chairlift'.
Which term is commonly used for aerial tramways in British English but can also refer to cable-pulled street trams in American English?
Answer: Cable car
The term 'cable car' exhibits distinct usage, referring to aerial tramways in British English and often to street trams in American English.
In Japan, what is the general linguistic categorization for both aerial tramways and gondola lifts?
Answer: Ropeway
In Japan, the term 'ropeway' serves as a broad classification encompassing both aerial tramways and gondola lifts.