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What was the full regnal name of Ahmad Sanjar, as documented in historical records?
Answer: True
Historical sources identify Ahmad Sanjar by his full regnal name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah.
According to historical accounts, was Ahmad Sanjar born in Baghdad on November 6, 1086?
Answer: False
While born on November 6, 1086, Ahmad Sanjar's birthplace was Sinjar, located in Upper Mesopotamia, not Baghdad.
The name 'Sanjar,' meaning 'he who pierces,' is of Arabic origin.
Answer: False
The name 'Sanjar' is of Turkic origin, signifying 'he who pierces' or 'he who thrusts,' rather than Arabic.
Ahmad Sanjar was the son of Malik-Shah I and Taj Safariyya Khatun.
Answer: True
Ahmad Sanjar was the son of Malik-Shah I and Taj Safariyya Khatun.
Ahmad Sanjar practiced Shia Islam throughout his life.
Answer: False
Ahmad Sanjar adhered to Sunni Islam throughout his life, not Shia Islam.
What was the full regnal name of Ahmad Sanjar, as documented in historical records?
Answer: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah
Historical sources identify Ahmad Sanjar by his full regnal name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah.
According to the source, when and where was Ahmad Sanjar born?
Answer: November 6, 1086, in Sinjar, Upper Mesopotamia
Ahmad Sanjar was born on November 6, 1086, in Sinjar, a city located in Upper Mesopotamia.
What is the etymological origin and meaning of the name 'Sanjar'?
Answer: Turkic, meaning 'he who pierces'
The name 'Sanjar' is of Turkic origin, signifying 'he who pierces' or 'he who thrusts,' rather than Arabic.
Who were the parents of Ahmad Sanjar?
Answer: Malik-Shah I and Taj Safariyya Khatun
Ahmad Sanjar was the son of Malik-Shah I and Taj Safariyya Khatun.
What was Ahmad Sanjar's primary religious affiliation?
Answer: Sunni Islam
Ahmad Sanjar adhered to Sunni Islam throughout his life, not Shia Islam.
Before becoming Sultan, Ahmad Sanjar was appointed to govern the province of Azerbaijan.
Answer: False
Before assuming the role of Sultan, Ahmad Sanjar was appointed to govern the province of Khorasan, not Azerbaijan.
In the Battle of Balkh in 1098, Ahmad Sanjar defeated the rebel Seljuk prince Devlet-Shah, who was subsequently blinded and imprisoned.
Answer: True
In the Battle of Balkh in 1098, Ahmad Sanjar defeated the rebel Seljuk prince Devlet-Shah, who was subsequently captured, blinded, and imprisoned.
Ahmad Sanjar's victory at the Battle of Nushecan in 1100 resulted in the capture of Berkyaruq himself.
Answer: False
The Battle of Nushecan in 1100 saw Ahmad Sanjar's forces defeat Berkyaruq's allies, resulting in the capture of Habeshi ibn Altuntaq, not Berkyaruq himself.
Ahmad Sanjar secured control over Transoxiana in 1102 by defeating and killing the Kara-Khanid ruler Kadir Khan.
Answer: True
Ahmad Sanjar secured control over Transoxiana in 1102 by defeating and killing the Kara-Khanid ruler Kadir Khan after Kadir Khan had taken advantage of Sanjar's absence.
In the Battle of Ghazni in 1117, Ahmad Sanjar defeated Arslan, leading to Bahram succeeding to the throne as a vassal.
Answer: True
In the Battle of Ghazni in 1117, Ahmad Sanjar defeated Arslan, leading to Bahram succeeding to the Ghaznavid throne as a vassal of the Seljuks.
Which province was Ahmad Sanjar initially appointed to govern before becoming the overall Sultan?
Answer: Khorasan
Before assuming the role of Sultan, Ahmad Sanjar was appointed to govern the province of Khorasan, not Azerbaijan.
In the Battle of Balkh in 1098, who did Ahmad Sanjar defeat, and what was the fate of this individual?
Answer: Devlet-Shah
In the Battle of Balkh in 1098, Ahmad Sanjar defeated the rebel Seljuk prince Devlet-Shah, who was subsequently captured, blinded, and imprisoned.
What was the outcome for Habeshi ibn Altuntaq in the Battle of Nushecan in 1100?
Answer: He was captured by Sanjar's army.
The Battle of Nushecan in 1100 saw Ahmad Sanjar's forces defeat Berkyaruq's allies, resulting in the capture of Habeshi ibn Altuntaq.
How did Ahmad Sanjar gain control over Transoxiana in 1102?
Answer: By defeating and killing the Kara-Khanid ruler Kadir Khan.
Ahmad Sanjar secured control over Transoxiana in 1102 by defeating and killing the Kara-Khanid ruler Kadir Khan after Kadir Khan had taken advantage of Sanjar's absence.
Who succeeded to the Ghaznavid throne as a vassal of the Seljuks after the Battle of Ghazni in 1117?
Answer: Bahram
In the Battle of Ghazni in 1117, Ahmad Sanjar defeated Arslan, leading to Bahram succeeding to the Ghaznavid throne as a vassal of the Seljuks.
For what duration did Ahmad Sanjar hold the title of Great Sultan of the Seljuk Empire?
Answer: True
Ahmad Sanjar reigned as the Great Sultan of the Seljuk Empire for an extended period, from 1118 until his demise in 1157.
Ahmad Sanjar became Sultan of the Seljuk Empire on April 18, 1118, succeeding his brother Muhammad I.
Answer: True
Ahmad Sanjar became the Sultan of the Seljuk Empire on April 18, 1118, succeeding his brother Muhammad I.
The dagger incident involving Hassan-i Sabbah led Ahmad Sanjar to launch a full-scale invasion against the Nizari Ismailis.
Answer: False
Contrary to initiating an invasion, the 'dagger incident' prompted Ahmad Sanjar to agree to a peace treaty with the Nizari Ismailis, acknowledging their territorial integrity.
The Battle of Saveh in 1119 involved Ahmad Sanjar defeating Mahmud II, who was seeking protection from the Emir of Yazd.
Answer: False
The Battle of Saveh in 1119 occurred when the Emir of Yazd sought protection from Ahmad Sanjar against Mahmud II. Sanjar defeated Mahmud II, not the other way around.
After the Battle of Saveh, Ahmad Sanjar marched to Baghdad and agreed that Mahmud II would marry his sister and relinquish territories.
Answer: False
After the Battle of Saveh, Ahmad Sanjar marched to Baghdad and agreed that Mahmud II would marry one of Sanjar's daughters and relinquish strategic territories in northern Persia.
Sanjar besieged Samarkand in 1130 due to a plot by the Western Kara-Khanid ruler Arslan Khan to assassinate him.
Answer: True
Sanjar besieged Samarkand in 1130 as a preemptive measure against a plot by the Western Kara-Khanid ruler Arslan Khan to assassinate him.
In 1130, Sultan Sanjar defeated the Qara-Khitai army near Kashgar, but failed to defeat Oghuz and Karluk rebels.
Answer: False
In 1130, Sultan Sanjar successfully defeated the advancing Qara-Khitai army near Kashgar and also suppressed Oghuz and Karluk rebels.
The Battle of Dinavar in 1132 saw Ahmad Sanjar defeated by an alliance including his nephew Mas'ud and Caliph Al-Mustarshid.
Answer: False
The Battle of Dinavar in 1132 saw Ahmad Sanjar decisively defeat an alliance formed against him by his nephew Mas'ud, Seljuk-Shah, and Caliph Al-Mustarshid.
During the 1135 campaign against the Ghaznavids, Ahmad Sanjar captured Ghazni and reinstated Bahram Shah after he paid taxes.
Answer: True
During his 1135 campaign against the Ghaznavids, Ahmad Sanjar captured Ghazni and reinstated Bahram Shah upon receiving his apology and payment of taxes.
Ahmad Sanjar defeated his governor Atsiz in the Battle of Hazorasp in 1138, capturing Khwarezm and appointing his brother Suleiman-Shah as governor.
Answer: False
Ahmad Sanjar defeated his rebellious governor Atsiz at the Battle of Hazorasp in 1138. Following the capture of Khwarezm, he appointed his nephew, Suleiman-Shah, as governor, not his brother.
From which year did Ahmad Sanjar rule as the Great Sultan of the Seljuk Empire until his death?
Answer: 1118
Ahmad Sanjar ruled as the Great Sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1118 until his death in 1157.
What event involving Hassan-i Sabbah prompted Ahmad Sanjar to agree to a peace treaty?
Answer: Finding a dagger with a threatening note left in his camp.
The 'dagger incident,' where Sanjar found a dagger with a note from Hassan-i Sabbah, signified the Nizari Ismailis' reach and prompted Sanjar to agree to a peace treaty, avoiding further conflict.
In the Battle of Saveh (1119), who sought protection from Ahmad Sanjar against Mahmud II?
Answer: The Emir of Yazd, Garshasp II
The Battle of Saveh in 1119 occurred when the Emir of Yazd, Garshasp II, sought protection from Ahmad Sanjar against Mahmud II.
What agreement was reached between Ahmad Sanjar and Mahmud II after the Battle of Saveh?
Answer: Mahmud II would marry one of Sanjar's daughters and relinquish strategic territories.
After the Battle of Saveh, Ahmad Sanjar marched to Baghdad and agreed that Mahmud II would marry one of Sanjar's daughters and relinquish strategic territories in northern Persia.
Why did Sanjar lay siege to Samarkand in 1130?
Answer: Due to a plot by the Western Kara-Khanid ruler Arslan Khan to assassinate him.
Sanjar besieged Samarkand in 1130 as a preemptive measure against a plot by the Western Kara-Khanid ruler Arslan Khan to assassinate him.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Kashgar in 1130 involving Sultan Sanjar?
Answer: Sanjar successfully defeated the Qara-Khitai army and rebels.
In 1130, Sultan Sanjar successfully defeated the advancing Qara-Khitai army near Kashgar and also suppressed Oghuz and Karluk rebels.
In the Battle of Dinavar (1132), who did Ahmad Sanjar defeat?
Answer: An alliance including his nephew Mas'ud and Caliph Al-Mustarshid
The Battle of Dinavar in 1132 saw Ahmad Sanjar decisively defeat an alliance formed against him by his nephew Mas'ud, Seljuk-Shah, and Caliph Al-Mustarshid.
What happened during Ahmad Sanjar's campaign against the Ghaznavids in 1135?
Answer: Sanjar captured Ghazni, pardoned Bahram Shah upon apology and tax payment, and reinstated him.
During his 1135 campaign against the Ghaznavids, Ahmad Sanjar captured Ghazni and reinstated Bahram Shah upon receiving his apology and payment of taxes.
Who was the Seljuk governor of Khwarezm defeated by Sanjar in the Battle of Hazorasp in 1138?
Answer: Atsiz
Ahmad Sanjar defeated his rebellious governor Atsiz at the Battle of Hazorasp in 1138. Following the capture of Khwarezm, he appointed his nephew, Suleiman-Shah, as governor.
Which of the following titles did Ahmad Sanjar hold besides Sultan of the Seljuk Empire?
Answer: Malik of Greater Khorasan
Besides being the Sultan of the Seljuk Empire, Ahmad Sanjar also held the title of Malik of Greater Khorasan.
Who was the immediate predecessor of Ahmad Sanjar as Sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire?
Answer: Muhammad I
Ahmad Sanjar succeeded his brother, Muhammad I, to become the Sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire.
The Battle of Qatwan in 1141 resulted in a victory for Ahmad Sanjar, allowing the Seljuk Empire to retain territories east of the Syr Darya.
Answer: False
The Battle of Qatwan in 1141 was a significant defeat for Ahmad Sanjar, resulting in the loss of all Seljuk territories east of the Syr Darya river.
Sanjar campaigned in Khwarezm in 1143 because his former governor Atsiz had attacked Khorasan and declared loyalty to the Kara-Khitans.
Answer: False
Sanjar campaigned in Khwarezm in 1143 because his former governor Atsiz had attacked Khorasan and plundered cities, rather than declaring loyalty to the Kara-Khitans.
During his 1147 campaign in Khwarezm, Sanjar forgave Atsiz after Atsiz killed an envoy and continued his disobedience.
Answer: False
During his 1147 campaign, Sanjar initially punished Atsiz but ultimately forgave him after Atsiz begged for forgiveness, returned plundered goods, and scholars, reinstating him as governor.
In the Battle of Nab in 1152, Ahmad Sanjar decisively defeated and captured the Ghurid leader Ala al-Din Husayn.
Answer: True
In the Battle of Nab in 1152, Ahmad Sanjar decisively defeated and captured the Ghurid leader Ala al-Din Husayn.
In 1153, Ahmad Sanjar was captured by the Oghuz Turks, a tribe related to the Seljuks, and held captive until 1156.
Answer: True
In 1153, the Oghuz Turks rebelled, defeated Sanjar's army, and captured him. He remained their captive until 1156, a period that severely weakened the Seljuk Empire.
What was the major consequence of the Battle of Qatwan in 1141 for the Seljuk Empire's territorial control east of the Syr Darya?
Answer: Loss of all territories east of the Syr Darya river.
The Battle of Qatwan in 1141 was a significant defeat for Ahmad Sanjar, resulting in the loss of all Seljuk territories east of the Syr Darya river.
Why did Ahmad Sanjar campaign in Khwarezm again in 1147?
Answer: Atsiz killed an envoy and continued his disobedience after Sanjar's previous campaign.
During his 1147 campaign, Sanjar marched on Khwarezm again after Atsiz killed an envoy and continued his disobedience. Sanjar captured Hazorasp and besieged Urgench, leading Atsiz to beg for forgiveness.
Who was the Ghurid leader decisively defeated and captured by Sanjar at the Battle of Nab in 1152?
Answer: Ala al-Din Husayn
In the Battle of Nab in 1152, Ahmad Sanjar decisively defeated and captured the Ghurid leader Ala al-Din Husayn.
What significant event occurred in 1153 that weakened the Seljuk Empire?
Answer: The Oghuz Turks rebelled, defeated Sanjar's army, and captured him.
In 1153, the Oghuz Turks rebelled, defeated Sanjar's army, and captured him. He remained their captive until 1156, a period that severely weakened the Seljuk Empire.
How long was Ahmad Sanjar held captive by the Oghuz Turks?
Answer: Three years (until 1156)
Ahmad Sanjar was held captive by the Oghuz Turks for three years, from 1153 until 1156.
The Battle of Qatwan in 1141 was fought against which group?
Answer: Kara Khitans
The Battle of Qatwan in 1141 was fought between Ahmad Sanjar and the Kara Khitans.
What was the primary reason for Sanjar's campaign in Khwarezm in 1143?
Answer: To punish Atsiz for attacking Khorasan and plundering cities.
Sanjar campaigned in Khwarezm in 1143 because his former governor Atsiz had attacked Khorasan and plundered cities, rather than declaring loyalty to the Kara-Khitans.
Ahmad Sanjar died in 1157 at the age of 70 and was buried in Nishapur.
Answer: False
Ahmad Sanjar died in 1157 at the age of 70. He was buried in Merv, not Nishapur.
Ahmad Sanjar's tomb in Merv was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century.
Answer: True
Ahmad Sanjar's tomb in Merv was destroyed by the Mongols in 1221 during their invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire.
Ahmad Sanjar's death led to the complete dissolution of the Seljuk dynasty, with no branches continuing to rule.
Answer: False
Ahmad Sanjar's death marked the end of the unified Seljuk Empire, but branches of the dynasty continued to rule in Iraq and Azerbaijan.
Where was Ahmad Sanjar buried upon his death in 1157?
Answer: Merv
Ahmad Sanjar died in 1157 at the age of 70. He was buried in Merv, not Nishapur.
What was the political consequence of Ahmad Sanjar's death for the Seljuk Empire?
Answer: It marked the end of the Seljuk dynasty as a unified empire.
Ahmad Sanjar's death marked the end of the unified Seljuk Empire, but branches of the dynasty continued to rule in Iraq and Azerbaijan.
How is Ahmad Sanjar historically assessed regarding his reign and overall influence?
Answer: One of the most prominent Seljuk sultans and a legendary figure.
Ahmad Sanjar is widely regarded as one of the most prominent Seljuk sultans and a legendary figure, known for his long reign and significant impact on the era.
Which cultural domain experienced significant flourishing during Ahmad Sanjar's reign?
Answer: Persian literature and poetry
Ahmad Sanjar's reign fostered a vibrant cultural environment, particularly supporting the flourishing of Persian literature and poetry at his court.
Describe Ahmad Sanjar's relationship with religious scholars and his position on religious affairs.
Answer: He maintained close relationships with religious scholars and defended Sunni Islam.
Sanjar maintained close relationships with religious scholars and was a staunch defender of Sunni Islam, actively combating heresy.
In what context is Ahmad Sanjar depicted in the illustration from Walters Ms. W.676 Fa?
Answer: Seated on his throne, accompanied by courtiers.
The illustration from Walters Ms. W.676 Fa portrays Ahmad Sanjar in a formal setting, depicted seated on his throne and accompanied by his courtiers.
What does the 'Divisions of Seljuq dynasty' succession box following Sanjar's reign signify?
Answer: The fragmentation of the unified Seljuk Empire after Sanjar's death.
The succession box indicating 'Divisions of Seljuq dynasty' signifies the fragmentation of the unified Seljuk Empire following Ahmad Sanjar's death, leading to various successor states.
From which historical work is the illustration depicting Sultan Sanjar with courtiers sourced?
Answer: Majma' al-tavarikh by Hafiz Abru
The illustration of Sultan Sanjar with courtiers is found within the historical work 'Majma' al-tavarikh' authored by Hafiz Abru.