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The insurgency waged by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya from 1992 to 1998 resulted in the deaths of over 1000 Egyptian police and soldiers.
Answer: False
The insurgency from 1992 to 1998 resulted in the deaths of at least 796 Egyptian police and soldiers, along with numerous civilians and tourists, rather than exceeding 1000.
The assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 is definitively attributed solely to Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya by all sources.
Answer: False
While Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya has been linked to the assassination of President Sadat, the event is primarily attributed to Egyptian Islamic Jihad, with sources suggesting varying degrees of involvement or connection for Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya.
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya consistently supported Anwar Sadat's administration and the Camp David Accords throughout its existence.
Answer: False
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya evolved from initial government favor to become a staunch opponent of Anwar Sadat's administration and the Camp David Accords, denouncing them vehemently.
In April 1981, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya initiated a conflict with Coptic Egyptians near Minya over perceived Christian arrogance and dhimmi status.
Answer: True
A sectarian conflict erupted near Minya in April 1981, involving Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, which opposed perceived Christian arrogance and their dhimmi status, distributing leaflets against the governor.
A violent sectarian clash in Cairo's al-Zawaiyya Al Hamra district in June 1981 resulted in over 50 deaths, with Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya accused of participation.
Answer: False
The sectarian clash in al-Zawaiyya Al Hamra in June 1981 resulted in 17 deaths, not over 50, although Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was accused of participation.
In September 1981, the Egyptian state legally registered Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, allowing it to operate openly before Sadat's assassination.
Answer: False
The Egyptian state dissolved Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, destroyed its infrastructure, and arrested its leaders in September 1981, as the group had never been legally registered.
In 1980, Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formed a coalition under the leadership of Karam Zuhdi.
Answer: False
In 1980, Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formed a coalition, but they agreed to follow the guidance of Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, not Karam Zuhdi as their sole leader.
Following Sadat's assassination, members of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in Asyut launched a successful uprising that lasted several weeks.
Answer: False
Following Sadat's assassination, members of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in Asyut did launch an uprising, but it was quickly suppressed by authorities, not successful or prolonged.
The terrorism campaign waged by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in the 1990s primarily targeted government infrastructure and military installations.
Answer: False
The 1990s campaign primarily targeted intellectuals and tourists, severely impacting the tourism industry, rather than focusing on government infrastructure or military installations.
High-profile victims of the 1992-1997 campaign included the head of the counter-terrorism agency and the speaker of parliament.
Answer: True
The victims of the 1992-1997 campaign included prominent figures such as the head of the counter-terrorism agency and the speaker of parliament, alongside numerous tourists and police officers.
In June 1995, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Egyptian Islamic Jihad successfully assassinated Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa.
Answer: False
In June 1995, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Egyptian Islamic Jihad staged a failed assassination attempt on President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa, not a successful one.
During the Luxor massacre of November 1997, attackers killed 58 foreign tourists and four Egyptians.
Answer: True
The Luxor massacre on November 17, 1997, resulted in the deaths of 58 foreign tourists and four Egyptians, perpetrated by attackers disguised as police officers.
The Luxor massacre generated widespread acceptance and support among Egyptians for the group's actions.
Answer: False
The Luxor massacre provoked widespread revulsion among Egyptians and led to a rejection of jihadi terrorism, rather than acceptance or support for the group's actions.
What was a major consequence of the insurgency waged by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya between 1992 and 1998?
Answer: It resulted in the deaths of at least 796 Egyptian police and soldiers, and numerous civilians and tourists.
The insurgency waged by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya from 1992 to 1998 caused significant loss of life, including at least 796 security personnel and numerous civilians and tourists.
What is the general consensus regarding Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya's role in the 1981 assassination of Anwar Sadat?
Answer: While generally attributed to Egyptian Islamic Jihad, some sources suggest Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was connected.
The assassination of President Sadat is primarily attributed to Egyptian Islamic Jihad, but historical accounts suggest potential connections or involvement of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya.
How did Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya's stance on the Egyptian government and the Camp David Accords evolve?
Answer: They shifted from initial government favor to becoming vocal opponents of Sadat and the Accords.
Initially viewed favorably by the government, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya later became strong opponents of President Sadat and the Camp David Accords.
What was the alleged role of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in the sectarian conflict near Minya in April 1981?
Answer: They opposed the perceived 'arrogance' of Christians and distributed leaflets accusing the governor.
In the Minya conflict of April 1981, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya opposed the perceived arrogance of Christians and distributed leaflets critical of the governor.
How many people were killed in the sectarian violence in Cairo's al-Zawaiyya Al Hamra district in June 1981?
Answer: 17
The sectarian clash in Cairo's al-Zawaiyya Al Hamra district in June 1981 resulted in 17 fatalities.
What action did the Egyptian state take against Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in September 1981, shortly before Sadat's assassination?
Answer: It dissolved the group, destroyed its infrastructure, and arrested its leaders.
In September 1981, prior to Sadat's assassination, the Egyptian state took decisive action by dissolving Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, dismantling its infrastructure, and arresting its leadership.
In 1980, a coalition was formed involving Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, agreeing to follow the guidance of whom?
Answer: Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman
In 1980, Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formed a coalition that agreed to operate under the guidance of Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman.
What happened immediately after President Anwar Sadat's assassination in 1981 concerning the group's members in Asyut?
Answer: They launched an uprising that was quickly suppressed.
Following Sadat's assassination, members of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in Asyut initiated an uprising, which was rapidly suppressed by state forces.
What was the primary nature and impact of the terrorism campaign waged by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in the 1990s?
Answer: Assassinating intellectuals and targeting tourists, severely damaging the tourism industry.
The 1990s terrorism campaign primarily involved assassinations of intellectuals and attacks on tourists, which severely damaged Egypt's vital tourism sector.
Who were some of the prominent victims of the 1992-1997 terrorism campaign?
Answer: High-profile figures like the head of counter-terrorism and the speaker of parliament.
The victims of the 1992-1997 campaign included prominent officials such as the head of counter-terrorism and the speaker of parliament, in addition to tourists and police officers.
What happened in June 1995 involving Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Egyptian Islamic Jihad?
Answer: They staged a failed attempt on the life of President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa.
In June 1995, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya collaborated with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in a failed attempt to assassinate President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa.
In the Luxor massacre of November 1997, how were the attackers disguised?
Answer: As police officers.
During the Luxor massacre in November 1997, the attackers were disguised as police officers when they carried out their assault on tourists.
What was the general reaction among Egyptians to the Luxor massacre of 1997?
Answer: Widespread revulsion and rejection of jihadi terrorism.
The Luxor massacre elicited widespread revulsion among the Egyptian populace, leading to a strong rejection of the group's violent tactics and jihadi terrorism.
In 2003, the imprisoned leadership of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya renounced violence, leading to the release of some high-ranking members.
Answer: True
The renunciation of violence by the imprisoned leadership in 2003 was a pivotal moment, leading to the release of numerous members and a shift towards more peaceful engagement.
Omar Abdel-Rahman was a prominent leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, with no direct connection to Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya.
Answer: False
Omar Abdel-Rahman served as the spiritual leader of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and was a significant figure whose guidance influenced the group's ideology and actions.
Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman was convicted for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing conspiracy and plotting to bomb New York City landmarks.
Answer: True
Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, the spiritual leader of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, was convicted for his involvement in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing conspiracy and plots against New York City landmarks.
By the late 1980s, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya had become a highly organized entity with an official logo and motto.
Answer: True
By the late 1980s, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya had evolved organizationally, adopting an official logo and motto, signifying a move towards greater structure and formalization.
The official motto of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was "Seek help from Allah and be patient."
Answer: False
The official motto of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was a Qur'anic verse: "Fight them on until there is no more Tumult, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah..."
The 'Nonviolence Initiative' brokered in July 1997 led to the group formally renouncing violence and the subsequent release of thousands of members.
Answer: True
The 'Nonviolence Initiative' of July 1997 resulted in Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formally renouncing violence, which subsequently led to the release of thousands of its members.
The 'Nonviolence Initiative' was universally supported by all members of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, including those in exile.
Answer: False
The 'Nonviolence Initiative' created a significant division within the group, with members in exile, such as Ayman Zawahiri, vehemently opposing it, while members within Egypt largely supported it.
What significant change occurred within the imprisoned leadership of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in 2003?
Answer: They renounced bloodshed and violence.
In 2003, the imprisoned leadership of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya made a significant decision to renounce violence and bloodshed.
Who was Omar Abdel-Rahman?
Answer: The spiritual leader of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, later convicted for WTC bombing conspiracy.
Omar Abdel-Rahman served as the spiritual leader of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and was subsequently convicted for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing conspiracy.
Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman was convicted for his role in which major event and subsequent plots?
Answer: The 1993 World Trade Center bombings and plots against NYC landmarks.
Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman was convicted for his involvement in the conspiracy behind the 1993 World Trade Center bombings and for plotting attacks against New York City landmarks.
By the late 1980s, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya had transformed organizationally by:
Answer: Adopting an official logo and motto, becoming more organized.
By the late 1980s, the group had become more organized, adopting a distinctive logo and a Qur'anic verse as its motto.
What was the official motto of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya?
Answer: "Fight them on until there is no more Tumult, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah..."
The official motto adopted by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was the Qur'anic verse: "Fight them on until there is no more Tumult, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression."
What was the outcome of the 'Nonviolence Initiative' brokered in July 1997?
Answer: The group formally renounced violence, leading to the release of thousands of members.
The 'Nonviolence Initiative' brokered in July 1997 led to Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formally renouncing violence, which subsequently facilitated the release of thousands of its members.
How did the 'Nonviolence Initiative' affect the unity of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya?
Answer: It created a significant division between members in Egypt and those in exile.
The 'Nonviolence Initiative' caused a notable schism within Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, particularly between members based in Egypt and those in exile who held opposing views.
Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya committed to engaging in peaceful activities.
Answer: True
Subsequent to the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya declared a commitment to pursuing peaceful activities, marking a significant shift in its operational strategy.
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formed a political party named the Building and Development Party after the 2011 Revolution and won 13 seats in parliament.
Answer: True
Post-revolution, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya established the Building and Development Party, which successfully secured 13 parliamentary seats in the 2011-2012 elections.
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya officially renounced bloodshed in 2003, leading to the freeing of over 1,000 members.
Answer: True
In 2003, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya formally renounced violence, a decision that resulted in the release of over 1,000 members by the Egyptian authorities.
Harsh government repression and the unpopularity of tourist attacks significantly boosted the group's profile in the late 1990s.
Answer: False
While government repression was harsh, the unpopularity of attacks on tourists significantly reduced the group's public profile, although it retained support among certain segments of the population.
After the 2011 Revolution, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya's political party stated that legislation must adhere to Sharia law.
Answer: True
Following the 2011 Revolution, the Building and Development Party, affiliated with Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, declared that legislation should conform to Sharia law, citing neglect of religious principles as a cause of societal problems.
The Building and Development Party, formed by Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, denied any rights to followers of other religions.
Answer: False
The Building and Development Party stated that followers of other religions could consult their own religious laws for private matters, indicating a degree of tolerance within their platform.
Adel el-Khayat, a member of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, served as governor of Luxor for several years without public objection.
Answer: False
Adel el-Khayat, appointed governor of Luxor in June 2013, resigned within a week due to public unrest stemming from his group's involvement in the 1997 Luxor massacre.
What significant shift in the group's activities occurred following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état?
Answer: It committed to engaging in peaceful activities.
Following the 2013 coup, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya declared a commitment to peaceful activities, signaling a strategic adaptation to the prevailing political climate.
What political party did Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya form after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution?
Answer: The Building and Development Party
Following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya established the Building and Development Party to engage in the political process.
What was the consequence of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya officially renouncing bloodshed in 2003?
Answer: Egypt freed over 1,000 members, citing the group's commitment to rejecting violence.
Following the official renunciation of violence in 2003, the Egyptian government released over 1,000 members of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya.
According to Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya's political party after the 2011 Revolution, what principle should legislation adhere to?
Answer: The Sharia of God.
The Building and Development Party, associated with Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya, asserted that legislation must be based on the Sharia of God.
What was the stance of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya's political party regarding followers of other religions?
Answer: They respected their freedom to consult their own religious laws in private matters.
The Building and Development Party indicated a degree of tolerance, stating that followers of other religions could consult their own religious laws for private matters.
Why did Adel el-Khayat, appointed governor of Luxor in June 2013, resign shortly after?
Answer: Due to public unrest stemming from the group's involvement in the 1997 Luxor massacre.
Adel el-Khayat resigned as governor of Luxor shortly after his appointment due to public outcry related to his group's past actions in the 1997 Luxor massacre.
The United Kingdom and the European Union have never designated Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization.
Answer: False
Both the United Kingdom and the European Union have officially designated Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization, reflecting international consensus on its status.
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was removed from the United States list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations in May 2021.
Answer: False
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was removed from the United States list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations in May 2022, not May 2021.
During its insurgency, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya received support from the United States and Israel.
Answer: False
Historical accounts indicate that Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya received support from Iran and Sudan, while the United States supported the Egyptian government's efforts against the insurgency, not the group itself.
Ayman al-Zawahiri announced an alliance between a faction of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Al-Qaeda in August 2006.
Answer: True
In August 2006, Ayman al-Zawahiri announced an alliance between a faction of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Al-Qaeda, ostensibly to unite against a perceived 'crusader campaign' against Islam.
The alliance announced by Ayman al-Zawahiri in 2006 was universally accepted and confirmed by all leaders within Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya.
Answer: False
The alliance announcement was met with internal dissent; while one leader confirmed it, others denied it or stated it represented personal views, not a group consensus.
Canada and Russia have officially designated Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization.
Answer: True
Canada (since 2002) and Russia (since 2006) are among the countries that have officially designated Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization.
Which entities officially designate Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization?
Answer: The United Kingdom and the European Union.
The United Kingdom and the European Union are among the prominent international bodies that officially designate Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization.
When was Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya removed from the United States list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations?
Answer: May 2022
Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was removed from the United States list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations in May 2022.
Which countries provided support to Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya during its insurgency?
Answer: Iran and Sudan
During its insurgency period, Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya received support from the governments of Iran and Sudan.
When did Ayman al-Zawahiri announce an alliance between a faction of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Al-Qaeda?
Answer: August 5, 2006
Ayman al-Zawahiri announced an alliance between a faction of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and Al-Qaeda via an internet video on August 5, 2006.
Which of the following countries has NOT officially designated Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization, according to the provided list?
Answer: Egypt
While the United Kingdom, Canada, and Israel have designated Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya as a terrorist organization, Egypt's designation status is not explicitly detailed in the provided context as a 'terrorist organization' designation in the same vein as the others listed.
What was the stated goal of the alliance announced by Ayman al-Zawahiri between Al-Qaeda and a faction of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya?
Answer: To unite capabilities against a perceived 'crusader campaign' against Islam.
The stated objective of the alliance between Al-Qaeda and a faction of Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya was to consolidate efforts against what they perceived as a 'crusader campaign' targeting Islam.