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Alexander Ypsilantis, son of Constantine Ypsilantis, was born in Constantinople in 1792 into a prominent Phanariot Greek family.
Answer: True
Alexander Ypsilantis was born in Constantinople in 1792. His father, Constantine Ypsilantis, was a member of the prominent Phanariot Greek family, which had significant administrative roles within the Ottoman Empire.
The Ypsilantis family originated from the Pontic Greek population of Athens, rather than Trabzon.
Answer: False
The Ypsilantis family traced its origins to the Pontic Greek population of Trabzon, not Athens.
Alexander Ypsilantis's father, Constantine, relocated the family to Imperial Russia in 1805 due to the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War.
Answer: True
Constantine Ypsilantis fled to Imperial Russia in 1805 because of the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War, not the Greek War of Independence which began later.
Alexander Ypsilantis possessed fluency in multiple languages, including Romanian, German, French, and Russian.
Answer: True
Alexander Ypsilantis received a comprehensive education and was proficient in several languages, including Russian, French, German, and Romanian.
Upon arriving in Russia at age 15, Alexander Ypsilantis was commissioned as a cornet, not a captain, in the Chevalier Guard Regiment.
Answer: True
Alexander Ypsilantis began his military service in Russia at age 15 as a cornet in the Chevalier Guard Regiment, not as a captain.
Alexander Ypsilantis sustained a severe injury during the Battle of Dresden, resulting in the loss of his right arm, not during the Battle of Bautzen.
Answer: True
The severe injury, the loss of his right arm, occurred during the Battle of Dresden, not the Battle of Bautzen.
Following his severe injury at the Battle of Dresden, Alexander Ypsilantis was promoted to the rank of full colonel.
Answer: True
Despite sustaining a severe injury at the Battle of Dresden, Ypsilantis was promoted to full colonel.
In 1816, Alexander Ypsilantis was appointed as an aide-de-camp to Tsar Alexander I.
Answer: True
Following the Congress of Vienna, Tsar Alexander I appointed Ypsilantis as his aide-de-camp in 1816.
Alexander Ypsilantis achieved the rank of Major General at the age of 25.
Answer: True
At the age of 25, Alexander Ypsilantis was promoted to the rank of major general and assumed command of a brigade.
Alexander Ypsilantis's active combat career ended prematurely due to a severe injury sustained in battle, not political disagreements with Tsar Alexander I.
Answer: True
Ypsilantis's active combat career concluded due to the severe injury he sustained at the Battle of Dresden, not due to political disputes with Tsar Alexander I.
Alexander Ypsilantis's mother belonged to the Văcărescu family, a prominent Wallachian lineage.
Answer: True
Elisabeta Văcărescu, Alexander Ypsilantis's mother, hailed from the Văcărescu family, a notable Wallachian aristocratic family.
What was the reason for Constantine Ypsilantis's relocation of his family to Imperial Russia in 1805?
Answer: Due to the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War.
Based on the provided information, which language was Alexander Ypsilantis NOT proficient in?
Answer: Italian
Upon his arrival at the Russian Court at age 15, Alexander Ypsilantis received patronage from whom?
Answer: Empress Maria Feodorovna
Alexander Ypsilantis commenced his military service as a cornet in which prestigious Russian military unit?
Answer: The Chevalier Guard Regiment
Alexander Ypsilantis participated in battles such as Klyastitsy and Polotsk during which major military conflict?
Answer: The Napoleonic Wars
What severe injury did Alexander Ypsilantis sustain during the Battle of Dresden?
Answer: The loss of his right arm from a shell explosion.
Subsequent to the Congress of Vienna, Tsar Alexander I appointed Ypsilantis to which significant role?
Answer: Aide-de-camp to the Tsar
At what age did Alexander Ypsilantis attain the rank of Major General and assume command of a brigade?
Answer: 25
Which of the following accurately represents Alexander Ypsilantis's name in Romanian?
Answer: Alexandru Ipsilanti
What was the significance of Ypsilantis's attendance at the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: He was a well-regarded figure in society and earned Tsar Alexander I's sympathy.
What was the consequence of Ypsilantis's injury sustained at the Battle of Dresden on his military career?
Answer: He was promoted but prevented from further combat.
Alexander Ypsilantis was elected leader of the Filiki Etaireia in 1820, following Count Ioannis Kapodistrias's refusal of the position.
Answer: True
Count Ioannis Kapodistrias initially declined the leadership of the Filiki Etaireia, after which Alexander Ypsilantis was elected to the post in 1820.
The plan for the Greek War of Independence under Ypsilantis included inciting revolts in regions outside of Greece proper, such as the Danubian Principalities.
Answer: True
The comprehensive plan for the Greek War of Independence, orchestrated by Ypsilantis, involved inciting revolts in regions beyond Greece, including Wallachia and Moldavia.
In his declaration, Ypsilantis asserted that Greek success was achievable independently, while simultaneously implying Russian support.
Answer: True
Ypsilantis's declaration stated that Greeks could achieve success without foreign aid, yet he also claimed that Russian support was assured, creating a nuanced message.
The Filiki Etaireia's primary objective was the liberation of Greece from Ottoman rule, not the establishment of a constitutional monarchy within the empire.
Answer: True
The fundamental purpose of the Filiki Etaireia was to achieve Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire through armed revolt, not to reform the empire internally.
Ypsilantis's strategic decision to initiate the revolt in the Danubian Principalities aimed to leverage their autonomous status and provoke Russian involvement.
Answer: True
Initiating the revolt in the Danubian Principalities was a strategic choice designed to exploit their autonomous status and potentially draw Russia into conflict with the Ottoman Empire.
Identify Alexander Ypsilantis and his principal role as presented in the source material.
Answer: A Greek nationalist leader and head of the Filiki Etaireia, instrumental in the Greek War of Independence.
Prior to Alexander Ypsilantis accepting the leadership, who was initially offered the role within the Filiki Etaireia?
Answer: Count Ioannis Kapodistrias
Which of the following was explicitly excluded from the Greek War of Independence plan developed under Ypsilantis?
Answer: Negotiating a peaceful resolution with the Sultan.
What strategic advantage did Ypsilantis anticipate by initiating the revolt within the Danubian Principalities?
Answer: To potentially trigger a conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire due to their joint suzerainty.
What was the principal objective of the secret organization known as the Filiki Etaireia?
Answer: To liberate Greece from Ottoman rule through uprisings.
What strategic role did the Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) fulfill in Ypsilantis's plan?
Answer: They were chosen as the starting point for the revolt due to their autonomous status.
Which method did the Filiki Etaireia primarily employ to achieve Greek liberation?
Answer: Through coordinated uprisings and armed revolt.
Michael Soutsos, the Prince of Moldavia, was aware of the planned Greek uprising, despite his dual role within the Filiki Etaireia and as an Ottoman appointee.
Answer: True
Michael Soutsos, the Prince of Moldavia and a secret member of the Filiki Etaireia, was fully aware of the planned uprising, though he also secretly informed the Ottoman authorities.
Alexander Ypsilantis initiated the uprising by crossing the Prut river into Moldavia on February 22, 1821, not the Danube into Wallachia.
Answer: True
The uprising commenced with Ypsilantis crossing the Prut river at Sculeni into Moldavia on February 22, 1821, not the Danube into Wallachia.
In his proclamation at Iași, Ypsilantis misleadingly claimed the backing of a major European power, implicitly Russia, to galvanize support for his revolt.
Answer: True
To encourage support, Ypsilantis issued a proclamation at Iași falsely announcing the backing of a major European power, specifically implying Russian endorsement.
Ypsilantis's campaign suffered from chronic underfunding, compelling his troops to resort to plundering local regions for resources.
Answer: True
The campaign was plagued by a severe shortage of funds, forcing Ypsilantis's soldiers to engage in plundering the local populations to sustain themselves.
Tudor Vladimirescu, leader of the Wallachian Pandurs, did not fully support Ypsilantis's agenda and harbored his own reservations and objectives.
Answer: True
Tudor Vladimirescu maintained a relationship of mistrust with Ypsilantis, pursuing his own agenda which included maintaining ties with both Russia and the Ottomans, rather than fully supporting Ypsilantis.
Greek leaders like Ypsilantis incorrectly assumed that shared Orthodox faith would guarantee Romanian support against the Ottomans, underestimating local nationalism.
Answer: True
Ypsilantis and other Greek leaders mistakenly believed that their shared Orthodox faith would ensure Romanian support, failing to account for growing Romanian nationalism and anti-Greek sentiment.
Tudor Vladimirescu was executed following internal conflicts and strained relations with Ypsilantis's faction.
Answer: True
Tudor Vladimirescu met his end through execution, precipitated by internal conflicts and the deterioration of his relationship with Ypsilantis's supporters.
Greek leaders underestimated the influence of Romanian nationalism, incorrectly believing it was not a significant factor in their relationship during the uprising.
Answer: True
Greek leaders failed to recognize the growing significance of Romanian nationalism, wrongly assuming it would not impact their interactions during the uprising.
Regarding the planned uprising, what action did Michael Soutsos, the Prince of Moldavia and a secret Filiki Etaireia member, undertake?
Answer: He secretly informed the Ottoman Sublime Porte about the invasion.
Alexander Ypsilantis and his fellow officers initiated the uprising by crossing the Prut river at which location?
Answer: Near Sculeni, into Moldavia
What misleading claim did Ypsilantis articulate in his proclamation at Iași to foster support for his cause?
Answer: That he had the backing of a great power, implicitly Russia.
Due to persistent financial shortages during the campaign, what method did Ypsilantis's troops resort to?
Answer: Plundering the local regions to secure necessary resources.
What specific issue hampered effective cooperation between Ypsilantis and Tudor Vladimirescu in Bucharest?
Answer: There was mutual mistrust, and Vladimirescu pursued his own agenda, including maintaining ties with both Russia and the Ottomans.
What fundamental misunderstanding characterized the Greek leaders' perception of Romanians, impacting their interactions?
Answer: They underestimated growing anti-Greek sentiment and nascent Romanian nationalism.
What was the ultimate fate of Tudor Vladimirescu?
Answer: He was tried and executed by a faction supporting the Greek cause.
Tsar Alexander I officially disavowed Ypsilantis's actions, revoking his military rank and distancing the Russian Empire from the uprising.
Answer: True
Contrary to supporting Ypsilantis, Tsar Alexander I publicly denounced his actions and revoked his military rank, adhering to the principles of the Holy Alliance.
The Tsar's disavowal of Ypsilantis emboldened the Ottoman authorities, leading them to concentrate troops to suppress the insurrection.
Answer: True
The Tsar's official dissociation from Ypsilantis's actions served to embolden the Ottoman authorities, prompting them to accelerate their military response against the insurrection.
The Sacred Band was an elite unit composed of young Greek volunteers from across Europe, not experienced Ottoman soldiers.
Answer: True
The Sacred Band comprised young Greek volunteers recruited from various European locations, distinct from experienced Ottoman soldiers.
Instead of confronting Ottoman forces directly near Brăila, Ypsilantis chose to retreat and establish a defensive position near Iași.
Answer: True
Ypsilantis opted for a strategic retreat towards Iași to establish a defensive position, rather than confronting the Ottoman forces directly near Brăila.
The Sacred Band suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle of Drăgășani due to their lack of training and failure to employ effective defensive formations.
Answer: True
The Sacred Band was decisively defeated at the Battle of Drăgășani because their lack of training prevented them from forming defensive squares against Ottoman cavalry.
Following his defeat, Alexander Ypsilantis publicly blamed his soldiers for cowardice and betrayal.
Answer: True
In the aftermath of his defeat, Ypsilantis addressed his remaining followers, accusing them of cowardice and betrayal.
What was Tsar Alexander I's official reaction to Ypsilantis's actions in the Danubian Principalities?
Answer: He publicly denounced Ypsilantis and revoked his military rank.
What was the consequence for Ottoman authorities following the Tsar's disavowal of Ypsilantis?
Answer: They were emboldened and began concentrating troops to suppress the insurrection.
What critical tactical error did the Sacred Band commit during the Battle of Drăgășani?
Answer: They failed to form defensive squares, making them vulnerable to cavalry.
Regarding the Ottoman advance into the Principalities, what strategic decision did Ypsilantis make instead of direct confrontation?
Answer: He retreated and established a defensive position near Iași.
What was the outcome for the Sacred Band at the Battle of Drăgășani?
Answer: They were easily defeated by Ottoman cavalry due to lack of training.
Austria did not immediately grant asylum to Alexander Ypsilantis after his military campaign failed; he sought refuge and negotiated for it.
Answer: True
Austria did not grant immediate asylum; Ypsilantis sought refuge and had to negotiate for it after his campaign's failure.
Alexander Ypsilantis was imprisoned by Austrian authorities for seven years, primarily in the fortress of Terezín.
Answer: True
Ypsilantis spent seven years in Austrian confinement, largely within the fortress of Terezín, from 1823 to 1827.
Emperor Nicholas I of Russia played a crucial role in securing Alexander Ypsilantis's release from Austrian custody.
Answer: True
The intervention of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia was instrumental in facilitating Alexander Ypsilantis's eventual release from Austrian imprisonment.
Alexander Ypsilantis died in Vienna in relative poverty and misery after his release from prison, not in comfort.
Answer: True
Following his release, Ypsilantis died in Vienna under conditions of extreme poverty and misery, contradicting any notion of comfort.
Alexander Ypsilantis's heart was sent to Greece after his death and is currently preserved in Athens.
Answer: True
Fulfilling his dying wish, Alexander Ypsilantis's heart was transported to Greece and is now preserved at the Amalieion in Athens.
Alexander Ypsilantis is mentioned in Russian literature, specifically in works by Alexander Pushkin, not Leo Tolstoy.
Answer: True
Alexander Ypsilantis is referenced in Russian literature, notably in Alexander Pushkin's short stories 'The Shot' and 'Kirdjali'.
Alexander Ypsilantis's remains were initially buried in Vienna, later transferred to an estate in Austria, and finally relocated to Athens.
Answer: True
Ypsilantis's remains were first interred in Vienna, subsequently moved to an Austrian estate, and ultimately transferred to Athens.
Following his military defeat, where did Ypsilantis seek refuge and initiate negotiations for asylum?
Answer: Austria
Alexander Ypsilantis was held in confinement by Austrian authorities for what duration?
Answer: 7 years
Whose intervention was instrumental in securing Alexander Ypsilantis's release from Austrian custody?
Answer: Emperor Nicholas I of Russia
Alexander Ypsilantis is mentioned in the short stories of which author?
Answer: Alexander Pushkin
Based on his appearance and biographical accounts, what potential medical condition has been suggested for Alexander Ypsilantis?
Answer: Dystrophia myotonica
How were Alexander Ypsilantis's remains ultimately relocated?
Answer: They were transferred from Vienna to an estate in Austria, then to Athens.
What was the primary reason for Austria's refusal to grant asylum to Ypsilantis?
Answer: Austria adhered to the reactionary policies of the Holy Alliance against revolts.