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Total Categories: 7
Alfonso XII's mother, Isabella II, was deposed from the Spanish throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1868.
Answer: True
The Glorious Revolution of 1868 led to the deposition of Queen Isabella II, initiating a period of political transition in Spain.
Following his mother's deposition, Alfonso XII completed his entire formal education exclusively within France.
Answer: False
Alfonso XII received part of his education in Austria at the Theresianum, as well as in France, indicating his education was not solely confined to France.
Alfonso XII formally accepted his mother's abdication in his favor in Madrid in the year 1870.
Answer: False
Queen Isabella II formally abdicated in favor of Alfonso XII in Paris on June 25, 1870, not in Madrid.
What event directly precipitated the deposition of Alfonso XII's mother, Isabella II, from the Spanish throne?
Answer: The Glorious Revolution of 1868
The Glorious Revolution of 1868 was the pivotal event that led to the deposition of Queen Isabella II, forcing her into exile.
Where did Alfonso XII receive a significant portion of his education following his mother's deposition?
Answer: In Austria at the Theresianum
Following his mother's deposition, Alfonso XII pursued his education in Austria at the Theresianum, as well as receiving instruction in France.
Alfonso XII received his military training at which prestigious institution?
Answer: The Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in England
Alfonso XII underwent rigorous military training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in England, providing him with a comprehensive military education.
Alfonso XII's reign as King of Spain encompassed the period from 1868 to 1874.
Answer: False
Alfonso XII ascended to the throne in December 1874, following the conclusion of the First Spanish Republic. The period of 1868-1874 was characterized by the reign of Amadeo I and the subsequent republic.
The Bourbon Restoration, which reinstated Alfonso XII to the Spanish throne, was primarily initiated by a military coup led by General Francisco Serrano.
Answer: False
The Bourbon Restoration was initiated by a military coup led by General Arsenio Martínez Campos, not Francisco Serrano.
The First Spanish Republic was established in 1874 following the abdication of King Amadeo I.
Answer: True
Following King Amadeo I's abdication in February 1873, the First Spanish Republic was proclaimed, lasting until Alfonso XII's restoration in December 1874.
The Sandhurst Manifesto, issued by Alfonso XII in 1874, formally declared his intention to restore the monarchy.
Answer: True
The Sandhurst Manifesto, published on December 1, 1874, articulated the principles of the Bourbon Restoration and proclaimed Alfonso XII's claim to the Spanish throne.
Brigadier Arsenio Martínez Campos led the military action that restored Alfonso XII to the throne.
Answer: True
General Arsenio Martínez Campos's pronunciamiento in Sagunto on December 29, 1874, effectively ended the First Spanish Republic and paved the way for Alfonso XII's restoration.
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo was a radical leader responsible for overthrowing the monarchy.
Answer: False
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo was a key figure of moderate conservatism and the principal architect of the Bourbon Restoration, working to establish a stable, civilian government, not to overthrow the monarchy.
Who was the principal architect of the Bourbon Restoration regime and a key figure in establishing a stable, civilian government during Alfonso XII's reign?
Answer: Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, a prominent conservative statesman, was instrumental in designing and implementing the Bourbon Restoration, focusing on creating a stable constitutional monarchy.
The Sandhurst Manifesto, issued by Alfonso XII, served what primary purpose?
Answer: To outline the ideological basis for the Bourbon Restoration and proclaim his claim.
The Sandhurst Manifesto served as a declaration of Alfonso XII's political program and his legitimate claim to the Spanish throne, outlining the principles of the impending Bourbon Restoration.
Which general's military action on December 29, 1874, effectively concluded the First Spanish Republic and restored Alfonso XII to the throne?
Answer: General Arsenio Martínez Campos
General Arsenio Martínez Campos's pronunciamiento in Sagunto marked the end of the First Spanish Republic and the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration under Alfonso XII.
The First Spanish Republic was established in 1873 following the abdication of which king?
Answer: Amadeo I
The First Spanish Republic was proclaimed in February 1873 after the abdication of King Amadeo I, marking a significant interlude before the Bourbon Restoration.
Which of the following territories initially belonged to the First Spanish Republic established in 1873?
Answer: Cuba and Puerto Rico
Upon its establishment in 1873, the First Spanish Republic initially encompassed the territories of Spain itself, along with the colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
The Carlist party found significant support in regions such as Andalusia and Galicia.
Answer: False
The Carlist party's primary strongholds were regions with strong regional identities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, not Andalusia or Galicia.
During Alfonso XII's reign, Spain achieved victory over the Cuban revolutionaries.
Answer: True
The period of Alfonso XII's reign saw the conclusion of the Ten Years' War in Cuba, with Spanish forces ultimately achieving victory, although the underlying issues remained unresolved.
The Pact of El Pardo formalized the system of political alternation between liberal and conservative governments.
Answer: True
The Pact of El Pardo, established in 1885, was a crucial agreement that institutionalized the 'turnismo' system, ensuring a peaceful succession of power between the Conservative and Liberal parties.
During which years did Alfonso XII reign as King of Spain?
Answer: 1874 - 1885
Alfonso XII reigned as King of Spain from December 29, 1874, until his death on November 25, 1885.
What was the political system implemented during Alfonso XII's reign to ensure governmental stability, characterized by the succession of liberal and conservative prime ministers?
Answer: Turnismo (Political Alternation)
The system of 'Turnismo,' or political alternation, was established to maintain stability by ensuring a regulated succession of power between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
Which major internal conflict was decisively suppressed during Alfonso XII's reign, contributing significantly to national stability?
Answer: The Carlist Revolts
The final Carlist War (Third Carlist War) was decisively defeated during Alfonso XII's reign, a critical factor in consolidating his rule and achieving national stability.
What was the Pact of El Pardo, a significant agreement during the Restoration period?
Answer: An agreement formalizing the alternation of power between conservative and liberal governments.
The Pact of El Pardo formalized the 'turnismo' system, ensuring a stable political environment through the regulated alternation of power between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The Carlist party garnered substantial support in regions characterized by strong regional identities, such as:
Answer: Catalonia and the Basque Country
The Carlist movement found its most fervent support in regions with distinct historical and cultural identities, particularly Catalonia and the Basque Country.
Alfonso XII's complete given name was Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo de Borbón y Borbón.
Answer: True
The full baptismal name of Alfonso XII was indeed Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo de Borbón y Borbón.
Alfonso XII selected the regnal name Alfonso XII as a direct continuation of the eleven kings named Alfonso from the ancient monarchies of Asturias, León, and Castile.
Answer: True
The choice of Alfonso XII as his regnal name signified a deliberate connection to the historical lineage of Spanish monarchs named Alfonso, tracing back to the ancient kingdoms.
Public speculation regarding Alfonso XII's biological paternity centered on Captain Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans and Colonel Federico Puig Romero.
Answer: True
Due to the perceived effeminacy and impotence of her husband, Francisco de Asís, rumors circulated about the paternity of Alfonso XII, with Captain Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans and Colonel Federico Puig Romero being frequently mentioned.
Alfonso XII's first marriage was to Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria.
Answer: False
Alfonso XII's first wife was his first cousin, Princess María de las Mercedes of Orléans. Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria was his second wife.
Alfonso XII's first wife, María de las Mercedes, succumbed to typhoid fever after only five months of marriage.
Answer: True
Princess María de las Mercedes of Orléans, Alfonso XII's first wife, died of typhoid fever at the age of 18, approximately five months after their wedding.
An assassination attempt occurred during the honeymoon of Alfonso XII and his second wife, Maria Christina.
Answer: True
During their honeymoon, King Alfonso XII and Queen Maria Christina were targeted in an assassination attempt by a pastry cook named Otero while traveling in Madrid.
Alfonso XII fathered two sons outside of his formal marriages with Elena Armanda Nicolasa Sanz y Martínez de Arizala.
Answer: True
Alfonso XII had two acknowledged illegitimate sons, Alfonso and Fernando Sanz y Martínez de Arizala, with Elena Armanda Nicolasa Sanz y Martínez de Arizala.
Alfonso XII first married Princess María de las Mercedes of Orléans. How long did this marriage endure?
Answer: Exactly 5 months and 3 days
The marriage between Alfonso XII and Princess María de las Mercedes of Orléans lasted only five months and three days before her untimely death.
Who was Alfonso XII's second wife, whom he married in 1879?
Answer: Maria Christina of Austria
Alfonso XII married Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria in 1879, a union that would prove crucial for the continuation of the Bourbon dynasty.
Which of the following individuals was NOT a child born from Alfonso XII's marriage to Maria Christina of Austria?
Answer: Fernando Sanz y Martínez de Arizala
Fernando Sanz y Martínez de Arizala was an illegitimate son of Alfonso XII, born from his relationship with Elena Sanz, and thus not a child of his marriage to Maria Christina of Austria.
What nickname did the Carlists employ for Alfonso XII, referencing rumors concerning his paternity?
Answer: Puigmoltejo
The Carlists, opponents of the Bourbon monarchy, referred to Alfonso XII derisively as 'Puigmoltejo,' a name derived from the speculated paternity involving Captain Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans.
What was the outcome of the marriage between Alfonso XII and his first wife, María de las Mercedes?
Answer: The marriage lasted only five months before her death.
The union between Alfonso XII and María de las Mercedes was tragically brief, lasting only five months before her death from typhoid fever.
What was the primary reason for the persistent speculation surrounding Alfonso XII's biological paternity?
Answer: The perceived effeminacy and impotence of his mother's husband, Francisco de Asís.
Speculation regarding Alfonso XII's paternity stemmed largely from the widely held perception that his mother's husband, Francisco de Asís, was effeminate and potentially impotent, leading to rumors of infidelity.
Alfonso XIII was born during the lifetime of his father, Alfonso XII.
Answer: False
Alfonso XIII was born posthumously on May 17, 1886, nearly six months after the death of his father, Alfonso XII.
Alfonso XII died from tuberculosis at the age of 27.
Answer: False
Alfonso XII died at the age of 27 from a recurrence of dysentery, although he had previously suffered from tuberculosis.
Following Alfonso XII's death, his son Alfonso XIII immediately assumed the throne.
Answer: False
Upon Alfonso XII's death, his posthumously born son, Alfonso XIII, did not immediately assume the throne; his mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he came of age.
What was the primary cause of Alfonso XII's death?
Answer: A recurrence of dysentery.
Alfonso XII died at the age of 27 due to a severe recurrence of dysentery, despite having also suffered from tuberculosis.
Who served as regent of Spain following Alfonso XII's death until Alfonso XIII came of age?
Answer: Maria Christina of Austria
Upon Alfonso XII's death, his widow, Maria Christina of Austria, assumed the regency to govern Spain until their son, Alfonso XIII, attained his majority.
What was the significance of Alfonso XIII's birth?
Answer: It ensured the continuation of the Bourbon monarchy after Alfonso XII's death.
Alfonso XIII's posthumous birth was of paramount importance as it secured the continuation of the Bourbon dynasty on the Spanish throne.
For how extended a period did Maria Christina serve as regent for her son, Alfonso XIII?
Answer: Until Alfonso XIII came of age in 1902
Maria Christina of Austria governed as regent from the death of Alfonso XII in 1885 until her son, Alfonso XIII, attained his majority in 1902.
During the First Spanish Republic, President Estanislao Figueras extended the abolition of slavery to Cuba.
Answer: False
President Estanislao Figueras decreed the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico during the First Spanish Republic; slavery in Cuba was abolished later.
Alfonso XII's reign resulted in Spain's socioeconomic decline due to prolonged political instability.
Answer: False
Alfonso XII's reign is credited with establishing stability, which laid the foundation for Spain's socioeconomic recovery and growth, rather than decline.
The first train in Spanish territories was introduced in mainland Spain.
Answer: False
The first train in Spanish territories operated between Havana and Güines in the colony of Cuba, not on the Iberian Peninsula.
How did the stability achieved during Alfonso XII's reign impact Spain's colonies, such as Cuba and Puerto Rico?
Answer: They experienced significant prosperity and development.
The political stability during Alfonso XII's reign fostered an environment conducive to economic development, leading to periods of prosperity in colonies like Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Which of the following represented a significant socioeconomic advancement in Spanish colonies during Alfonso XII's reign?
Answer: The introduction of the first train in Spanish territories (Cuba).
During Alfonso XII's reign, infrastructure development occurred in the colonies, notably the introduction of the first train in Spanish territories, which operated in Cuba.
The appellation 'El Pacificador,' bestowed upon Alfonso XII, is accurately translated as 'The Liberator.'
Answer: False
The nickname 'El Pacificador' translates from Spanish to 'The Peacemaker,' not 'The Liberator.' This moniker reflects his role in restoring stability to Spain.
The Carlists bestowed the nickname 'El Pacificador' upon Alfonso XII, acknowledging his role in stabilizing Spain.
Answer: False
While Alfonso XII was known as 'El Pacificador' (The Peacemaker), this appellation was not given by the Carlists. The Carlists, in fact, used the nickname 'Puigmoltejo' for him, referencing paternity rumors.
Alfonso XII earned the affection of the Spanish populace by deliberately avoiding public appearances in areas affected by crises.
Answer: False
Alfonso XII actively engaged with his subjects by visiting regions struck by calamities such as cholera epidemics and earthquakes, a gesture that significantly endeared him to the populace.
The monument dedicated to Alfonso XII is situated within the Royal Palace of Madrid.
Answer: False
The prominent monument dedicated to Alfonso XII is located in an artificial lake within Madrid's Parque del Buen Retiro, not within the Royal Palace.
What was Alfonso XII's widely recognized nickname, and what does it signify?
Answer: El Pacificador," meaning "The Peacemaker"
Alfonso XII was widely known by the nickname 'El Pacificador,' which translates to 'The Peacemaker,' reflecting his role in restoring stability to Spain.
How did Alfonso XII demonstrate his connection to the Spanish people and foster their affection?
Answer: By fearlessly visiting areas affected by disasters like cholera or earthquakes.
Alfonso XII actively engaged with his subjects by visiting regions struck by calamities such as cholera epidemics and earthquakes, a gesture that significantly endeared him to the populace.
Where is the monument dedicated to Alfonso XII situated?
Answer: In the Parque del Buen Retiro, Madrid
A significant monument honoring Alfonso XII is located in an artificial lake within Madrid's Parque del Buen Retiro.
What is the overarching legacy attributed to Alfonso XII's reign?
Answer: It established the foundations for Spain's socioeconomic recovery and stability.
Alfonso XII's reign is widely regarded as a period that restored political stability to Spain, thereby laying the groundwork for subsequent socioeconomic recovery and national consolidation.