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Total Categories: 7
The Ambundu people are primarily situated north of the Kwanza River and represent the principal ethnic group within Angola.
Answer: False
The provided source material indicates that the Ambundu constitute the *second-largest* ethnic group in Angola, not the largest.
The Ambundu are primarily concentrated in the coastal provinces of Angola, including Luanda.
Answer: False
The Ambundu predominantly inhabit the region east of Angola's capital city, Luanda, and are most concentrated in the provinces of Bengo and Malanje, as well as in neighboring parts of the Cuanza Norte and Cuanza Sul provinces, not exclusively coastal provinces.
The provided text definitively states the Ambundu population is 8,631,500, verified by multiple sources.
Answer: False
The figure of 8,631,500 for the Ambundu population is presented as needing citation and verification, not as definitively stated or verified.
The Ambundu are ethnically unrelated to other Bantu peoples or Afro-Brazilians.
Answer: False
The source explicitly states that the Ambundu are related to other ethnic groups, including Ovimbundu people, other Bantu peoples, and Afro-Brazilians.
The 1970 ethnic map of Angola shows the Ambundu primarily located in the southern desert regions.
Answer: False
The 1970 ethnic map of Angola, as described, visually represents the geographical concentration of the Ambundu people, which is not in the southern desert regions.
What is the primary geographical location of the Ambundu people within Angola?
Answer: A high plateau in northwestern Angola, north of the Kwanza River.
The Ambundu people are primarily situated on a high plateau in northwestern Angola, north of the Kwanza River.
What is the status of the population figure of 8,631,500 for the Ambundu people mentioned in the source?
Answer: It is a figure that requires verification and citation.
The population figure of 8,631,500 for the Ambundu people is presented as requiring verification and citation.
Which of the following groups is mentioned as being ethnically related to the Ambundu people?
Answer: The Ovimbundu people and Afro-Brazilians.
The Ambundu people are ethnically related to the Ovimbundu people and Afro-Brazilians.
Kimbundu, the language spoken by the Ambundu, is classified as an East-Bantu language.
Answer: False
Contrary to the assertion, Kimbundu is classified as a West-Bantu language, according to the provided linguistic data.
The two main dialects of Kimbundu are Akwaluanda and Ambaca, originating from interactions with Portuguese traders and Bantu speakers respectively.
Answer: False
The two main dialects of Kimbundu are Akwaluanda and Ambakista. Akwaluanda originated from interactions with other ethnic groups in the Luanda region, and Ambakista emerged from interactions with Portuguese traders.
In Kimbundu, 'Mumbundu' refers to the Ambundu people collectively, while 'Ambundu' refers to an individual.
Answer: False
Within the Kimbundu language, 'Mumbundu' denotes an individual, while 'Ambundu' (or 'Akwambundu') refers to the people collectively.
Linguistically, how is the Kimbundu language, spoken by the Ambundu, classified?
Answer: A West-Bantu language.
The Kimbundu language is classified as a West-Bantu language.
What are the two main dialects of the Kimbundu language mentioned, and how did one of them originate?
Answer: Akwaluanda (from Kimbundu/other ethnic group interaction) and Ambakista (from Kimbundu/Portuguese trader interaction).
The two main dialects of Kimbundu are Akwaluanda, which originated from interactions between Kimbundu speakers and other ethnic groups in the Luanda region, and Ambakista, which emerged from interactions between Kimbundu speakers and Portuguese traders.
In the Kimbundu language, how are the terms 'Ambundu' and 'Mumbundu' used?
Answer: 'Mumbundu' refers to an individual, and 'Ambundu' refers to the group collectively.
In Kimbundu, 'Mumbundu' denotes an individual, while 'Ambundu' (or 'Akwambundu') refers to the people collectively.
The dialect Akwaluanda of the Kimbundu language originated from:
Answer: Interactions between Kimbundu speakers and other ethnic groups in the Luanda region.
The Akwaluanda dialect of Kimbundu originated from interactions between Kimbundu speakers and other ethnic groups in the Luanda region.
Oral traditions suggest the Ambundu originated from the East, migrating from the Zambezi River region.
Answer: False
Oral traditions suggest the Ambundu originated from 'the great water,' interpreted as the Atlantic Ocean or Luanda Island, and some traditions mention migration from the East, but not specifically from the Zambezi River region as the sole origin.
Key ancestral figures mentioned in oral traditions include Zundu dya Mbulu and Kongo dya Mbulu, but not any kings.
Answer: False
Oral traditions mention key ancestral figures such as Zundu dya Mbulu and Kongo dya Mbulu, but also include figures identified as kings or rulers, such as King Mussuri and Ngola Kilanji.
According to a Pende oral tradition, Ngola Kilanji unified his people with the Bakongo after migrating from the coast.
Answer: False
According to a Pende oral tradition, Ngola Kilanji unified his people with another group after migrating westward from the Zambezi region, not necessarily from the coast, and the unification was with a group that introduced agriculture and herding, not explicitly stated as Bakongo.
The Ambundu people began arriving in the Angola region from the East between the 10th and 12th centuries CE.
Answer: False
Linguistic evidence suggests the Ambundu migration into the Angola region occurred primarily from the North between the 13th and 16th centuries CE, rather than from the East between the 10th and 12th centuries.
As the Ambundu migrated into the Angola region, they engaged in conflict with the indigenous Pygmy and Khoi-San populations, driving them out.
Answer: False
As the Ambundu migrated into the Angola region, they engaged in trade and introduced agriculture to the indigenous Pygmy and Khoi-San populations, rather than driving them out through conflict.
Luanda Island is mentioned in traditions as the origin point of the Ambundu people, who migrated from the East.
Answer: False
While Luanda Island is mentioned in some traditions as a potential origin point ('the great water'), linguistic evidence suggests migration from the North, not exclusively from the East.
According to tradition, Bembo Kalamba's people introduced advanced metalworking techniques to Ngola's people.
Answer: False
According to tradition, Bembo Kalamba's people introduced farming, cattle-herding, and weaving to Ngola's people, not advanced metalworking techniques.
According to *some* oral traditions mentioned in the source, where did the Ambundu people originate?
Answer: From 'the great water,' interpreted as the Atlantic Ocean or Luanda Island.
Some oral traditions suggest the Ambundu originated from 'the great water,' which is interpreted as the Atlantic Ocean or Luanda Island.
Which ancestral figure is associated with unifying people near the Zambezi and moving them westward according to a Pende oral tradition?
Answer: Ngola Kilanji
According to a Pende oral tradition, Ngola Kilanji unified his people near the Zambezi and led them westward.
What is the most likely origin and timeframe for the Ambundu migration into the Angola region, according to linguistic evidence?
Answer: From the North between the 13th and 16th centuries CE.
Linguistic evidence suggests the Ambundu migrated into the Angola region from the North between the 13th and 16th centuries CE.
How did the Ambundu interact with the indigenous populations already in the Angola region upon their arrival?
Answer: They engaged in trade and introduced agriculture.
Upon arrival, the Ambundu engaged in trade with and introduced agriculture to the indigenous populations already present in the Angola region.
What is the interpretation of 'the great water' mentioned in Ambundu origin traditions?
Answer: It refers to the Atlantic Ocean or Luanda Island.
In Ambundu origin traditions, 'the great water' is interpreted as referring to the Atlantic Ocean or Luanda Island.
Which economic activities did Bembo Kalamba's people reportedly introduce to Ngola's people, according to tradition?
Answer: Farming, cattle-herding, and weaving.
According to tradition, Bembo Kalamba's people introduced farming, cattle-herding, and weaving to Ngola's people.
Linguistic evidence suggests the Ambundu migration into the Angola region occurred primarily from which direction?
Answer: The North, as part of broader Bantu migrations.
Linguistic evidence indicates that the Ambundu migration into the Angola region primarily occurred from the North, as part of broader Bantu migrations.
The Ambundu exclusively practice Christianity.
Answer: False
The Ambundu people practice a combination of Christianity and African traditional religions, not exclusively Christianity.
Before the 14th century, the Ambundu lived in local communities and possessed a strictly patrilineal social structure.
Answer: False
Before the 14th century, the Ambundu lived in local communities and possessed a strictly matrilineal social structure, tracing inheritance and descent through the maternal line.
The name 'Mbundu' was first adopted by the Ambundu themselves and later imposed on them by the Bakongo.
Answer: False
The source indicates that the name 'Mbundu' was initially used by the Bakongo people before it was adopted by the Ambundu themselves.
The Ambundu's matrilineal system was identical to that of the Ovimbundu and Bakongo, tracing status strictly through individuals.
Answer: False
A key distinction of the Ambundu's matrilineal system, compared to neighboring groups like the Ovimbundu and Bakongo, was that status was theoretically tied to lineage rather than individuals, providing greater flexibility.
Which religious practices are mentioned as being followed by the Ambundu people?
Answer: A combination of Christianity and African traditional religions.
The Ambundu people practice a combination of Christianity and African traditional religions.
How did the Ambundu social structure differ from neighboring groups like the Ovimbundu before the 14th century?
Answer: It was matrilineal, but status was theoretically tied to lineage rather than individuals.
Before the 14th century, the Ambundu had a matrilineal social structure where status was theoretically tied to lineage rather than individuals, distinguishing it from neighboring groups.
What is the origin of the name 'Mbundu' according to the source?
Answer: It was initially used by the Bakongo people before the Ambundu adopted it.
The name 'Mbundu' was initially used by the Bakongo people before it was adopted by the Ambundu themselves.
A key difference between the Ambundu's matrilineal system and those of the Ovimbundu and Bakongo was:
Answer: The Ambundu system offered more flexibility as status was theoretically tied to lineage rather than individuals.
A key distinction of the Ambundu's matrilineal system, compared to neighboring groups like the Ovimbundu and Bakongo, was that status was theoretically tied to lineage rather than individuals, providing greater flexibility.
The title 'Ngola' is significant as it is believed to be the origin of the country's name, Angola, and is also the symbol for iron used by the Ambundu.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the title 'Ngola' is widely believed to be the origin of the name 'Angola' and is also associated with the Ambundu symbol for iron.
The initial conflict between Ndongo and Portugal began when Ndongo sought to establish a trade monopoly over Kongo.
Answer: False
The initial conflict between Ndongo and Portugal arose when the king of Ndongo challenged the trade monopoly previously held by Kongo with Portugal, leading to war.
Queen Njinga initially resisted the Portuguese and later became queen of Kongo, leading a unified resistance.
Answer: False
Queen Njinga initially acted as a diplomat negotiating a peace treaty with the Portuguese. She later became queen of Matamba, not Kongo, and led resistance from there, transforming Matamba into a powerful state.
Portugal gradually increased its control over Ambundu territories throughout the 18th century using diplomatic means.
Answer: False
Portugal's increased control over Ambundu territories, particularly in the late 19th century, was primarily achieved through military expeditions, not gradual diplomatic means throughout the 18th century.
The Ovimbundu were the last Ambundu tribe to be subdued by the Portuguese, with their revolt ending in 1910.
Answer: False
The NDembo were the last Ambundu tribe to be subdued by the Portuguese, with their revolt concluding in 1910 and their territory fully occupied in 1917.
Ndongo became a target for the slave trade after successfully repelling Portuguese invasions in the early 17th century.
Answer: False
Ndongo became a target for the slave trade following its defeat by Portugal in 1614, not after successfully repelling invasions.
Portuguese control over Ambundu territories was firmly established through peaceful negotiations and trade agreements throughout the 18th century.
Answer: False
Portuguese control over Ambundu territories was largely established through military expeditions and conquest, particularly in the late 19th century, rather than solely through peaceful negotiations and trade agreements throughout the 18th century.
The title 'Ngola' holds historical significance for the Ambundu primarily because:
Answer: It is believed to be the origin of the country's name, Angola, and is also a symbol for iron.
The title 'Ngola' is significant as it is believed to be the origin of the country's name, Angola, and also represents the Ambundu symbol for iron.
The initial conflict between the Ndongo kingdom and Portugal stemmed from:
Answer: Ndongo challenging the trade monopoly previously held by Kongo with Portugal.
The initial conflict stemmed from Ndongo challenging the trade monopoly that the Kongo kingdom had previously held with Portugal.
What significant actions did Queen Njinga take in relation to the Portuguese and regional power?
Answer: She negotiated a peace treaty favoring Portugal but later became queen of Matamba, building a powerful state.
Queen Njinga negotiated a peace treaty with the Portuguese and later became queen of Matamba, transforming it into a powerful state.
How did Portugal assert increased control over Ambundu territories in the late 19th century?
Answer: By dispatching military expeditions to establish actual control.
Portugal asserted increased control over Ambundu territories in the late 19th century by dispatching military expeditions to establish actual control.
Which Ambundu tribe was the last to be subdued by the Portuguese, and when was their territory fully occupied?
Answer: The NDembo, fully occupied in 1917 after a revolt concluded in 1910.
The NDembo were the last Ambundu tribe to be subdued by the Portuguese, with their territory fully occupied in 1917 following a revolt that concluded in 1910.
What led to the Ndongo kingdom becoming a target for the slave trade?
Answer: Its defeat by Portugal in 1614 after an earlier failed alliance with Matamba.
The Ndongo kingdom became a target for the slave trade following its defeat by Portugal in 1614, which occurred after an earlier failed alliance with Matamba.
The Portuguese invasion and control over Ambundu territories in the late 19th century was characterized by:
Answer: The deployment of military expeditions to enforce control.
The Portuguese invasion and control over Ambundu territories in the late 19th century were primarily characterized by the deployment of military expeditions to enforce control.
The slave trade was a minor economic activity for Ambundu states like Matamba and Kasanje, contributing little to their power.
Answer: False
The slave trade was a significant economic activity for Ambundu states like Matamba and Kasanje, becoming a major source of their power and wealth.
In the 19th century, the importance of the slave trade diminished for Ambundu states due to increased demand from European powers.
Answer: False
In the 19th century, the importance of the slave trade diminished for Ambundu states due to factors such as the rise of new trade commodities like ivory and rubber, not increased demand from European powers.
How did the slave trade impact Ambundu states like Matamba and Kasanje?
Answer: It became a significant source of their power and wealth, though it later contributed to decline.
The slave trade became a significant source of power and wealth for Ambundu states like Matamba and Kasanje, although this reliance eventually contributed to their decline.
Which factor contributed most significantly to the decline in the importance of the slave trade for Ambundu states in the 19th century?
Answer: The rise of new trade commodities like ivory and rubber.
The rise of new trade commodities such as ivory, rubber, and wax significantly diminished the importance of the slave trade for Ambundu states in the 19th century.
Queen Njinga's transformation of Matamba into a powerful state was significantly linked to her role as:
Answer: A major exporter of slaves.
Queen Njinga's transformation of Matamba into a powerful state was significantly linked to her role as a major exporter of slaves.
Portugal is mentioned as a country with a significant Ambundu population due to historical trade routes.
Answer: True
The source identifies Portugal as a country with a significant Ambundu population, suggesting historical connections or diaspora, rather than specifically attributing it to historical trade routes.
Chris Tucker traces his Ambundu ancestry through his paternal line, while Isaiah Washington traces his through his matrilineal line.
Answer: False
Chris Tucker traces his Ambundu ancestry through his matrilineal line, whereas Isaiah Washington traces his through his paternal line.
Besides Angola, which other country is mentioned in the source as having a significant Ambundu population?
Answer: Portugal
Portugal is mentioned as a country with a significant Ambundu population.
Chris Tucker and Isaiah Washington are noted for having genealogical links to the Ambundu people. What is distinct about their connections?
Answer: Chris Tucker traces his through his matrilineal line, while Isaiah Washington traces his through his paternal line.
Chris Tucker traces his Ambundu ancestry through his matrilineal line, whereas Isaiah Washington traces his through his paternal line.