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Total Categories: 5
Confirm the biographical detail: Arsenio Martínez-Campos was born in Segovia, Spain, on December 14, 1831.
Answer: True
The historical record confirms that Arsenio Martínez-Campos was born in Segovia, Spain, on December 14, 1831.
Verify the assertion regarding Arsenio Martínez-Campos's birth name: it was Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Campos.
Answer: False
The source indicates that Arsenio Martínez-Campos's birth name was Arsenio Martínez y Campos, not Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Campos.
Identify the conflicts in which Arsenio Martínez-Campos participated: the Tetuán War, the Second French intervention in Mexico, and the Third Carlist War.
Answer: True
Arsenio Martínez-Campos's extensive military career included participation in the Tetuán War, the Second French intervention in Mexico, and the Third Carlist War.
Regarding his service in the Tetuán War, was Arsenio Martínez-Campos promoted to captain and awarded the Order of Isabella the Catholic?
Answer: False
For his distinguished service in the Tetuán War, Martínez-Campos was promoted to lieutenant colonel and received the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand, not captain and the Order of Isabella the Catholic.
Determine Arsenio Martínez-Campos's final military rank: was it Colonel?
Answer: False
Arsenio Martínez-Campos's final military rank was Army General (General de ejército), significantly higher than Colonel.
Identify Arsenio Martínez-Campos's primary historical role.
Answer: A Spanish officer and politician involved in restoring the Bourbon dynasty.
Arsenio Martínez-Campos was a significant Spanish military officer and politician, primarily known for his role in restoring the Bourbon dynasty and his involvement in Cuban affairs.
In which war in Morocco did Arsenio Martínez-Campos distinguish himself?
Answer: The Tetuán War
Arsenio Martínez-Campos distinguished himself during the Tetuán War in Morocco in 1860.
What significant military honor did Arsenio Martínez-Campos receive for his service in the Tetuán War?
Answer: The Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
For his actions in the Tetuán War, Martínez-Campos was awarded the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand and promoted to lieutenant colonel.
During which conflict did Arsenio Martínez-Campos serve under General Juan Prim as part of a joint expedition?
Answer: The Second French intervention in Mexico
Arsenio Martínez-Campos served under General Juan Prim as part of a joint expedition during the Second French intervention in Mexico.
Evaluate the statement: In 1874, Arsenio Martínez-Campos led a military revolution that successfully restored the Bourbon dynasty to the Spanish throne.
Answer: True
The historical accounts confirm that Arsenio Martínez-Campos led a significant military revolution in 1874, which resulted in the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty to the Spanish monarchy.
Upon returning to Spain in 1872, did Arsenio Martínez-Campos support the restoration of the Republic led by Manuel Pavía?
Answer: False
Upon returning to Spain in 1872, Martínez-Campos supported the coup d'état led by Manuel Pavía, which aimed to restore Alfonso XII, not the Republic.
Confirm the details of the coup that restored Alfonso XII: Did Martínez-Campos lead a successful coup d'état in Sagunto on December 29, 1874?
Answer: True
Arsenio Martínez-Campos led a decisive coup d'état in Sagunto on December 29, 1874, which proclaimed Alfonso XII as king and effectively restored the Bourbon monarchy.
Analyze Martínez-Campos's party affiliation: Did he join the Liberal Party because he disagreed with their stance on colonial expansion?
Answer: False
Martínez-Campos joined the Liberal Party around 1880 due to his support for granting full freedom to all races in Spain, a position that diverged from the Conservative Party's platform.
Assess Martínez-Campos's contribution to the Restoration of the Spanish monarchy: did he play a key role by leading a coup in Sagunto?
Answer: True
Arsenio Martínez-Campos was pivotal in the Spanish Restoration, leading the coup d'état in Sagunto that proclaimed Alfonso XII king.
In which year did Arsenio Martínez-Campos lead the military revolution that restored the Bourbon dynasty?
Answer: 1874
Arsenio Martínez-Campos led the military revolution that restored the Bourbon dynasty in the year 1874.
In 1872, upon returning to Spain, which political event did Arsenio Martínez-Campos support?
Answer: A coup d'état led by Manuel Pavía aiming to restore Alfonso XII
Upon his return to Spain in 1872, Martínez-Campos supported the coup d'état orchestrated by Manuel Pavía, which sought the restoration of Alfonso XII.
What crucial action did Arsenio Martínez-Campos undertake on December 29, 1874, that was pivotal for the Restoration?
Answer: He led a coup d'état in Sagunto to restore Alfonso XII.
On December 29, 1874, Martínez-Campos led a coup d'état in Sagunto, which proclaimed Alfonso XII as king and marked the beginning of the Restoration period.
What was the primary motivation for Arsenio Martínez-Campos's political affiliation shift to the Liberal Party around 1880?
Answer: He favored granting total freedom to all races in Spain.
Martínez-Campos joined the Liberal Party around 1880 because he advocated for granting complete freedom to all races in Spain, a stance that contrasted with the Conservative Party's platform.
Assess the immediate impact of the Pact of Zanjón, arranged by Martínez-Campos in 1878: Did it lead to the complete abolition of slavery in Cuba?
Answer: False
The Pact of Zanjón, while a significant agreement, did not immediately lead to the complete abolition of slavery in Cuba; rather, it paved the way for eventual abolition and granted freedom to former slaves who had joined the rebellion.
Confirm the timing and reason for Martínez-Campos's initial request for a posting to Cuba: did he request it in 1869 to combat rebels during the Ten Years' War?
Answer: True
Following the Revolution of 1868, Arsenio Martínez-Campos requested a posting to Cuba in 1869 specifically to engage the rebels in the Ten Years' War.
During the Ten Years' War in Cuba, was Arsenio Martínez-Campos replaced by Blas Villate because he was considered too ruthless?
Answer: False
Martínez-Campos was replaced by Blas Villate during the Ten Years' War because Villate was perceived as more ruthless and capable of winning, while Martínez-Campos was considered too lenient.
Characterize Blas Villate's campaign in Cuba: was it known for its brutal ethnic cleansing policies?
Answer: True
Blas Villate's campaign in Cuba is described in historical accounts as being characterized by brutal ethnic cleansing policies, often referred to as 'The Rising Flood of Valmaseda'.
Regarding his appointments in Cuba, was Arsenio Martínez-Campos first appointed Captain General in 1878, following the Pact of Zanjón?
Answer: False
Arsenio Martínez-Campos was first appointed Captain General of Cuba in 1876, prior to the Pact of Zanjón in 1878.
Estimate Martínez-Campos's age during his second deployment to Cuba to address the independence movement: was he in his late 40s?
Answer: False
Martínez-Campos was sent to Cuba for the second time to confront the independence movement when he was approximately 53 years old, not in his late 40s.
Identify the controversial strategy proposed by Martínez-Campos for managing the rural population in Cuba: did it involve 'reconcentrating' them to isolate insurgents?
Answer: True
Arsenio Martínez-Campos proposed the strategy of 'reconcentrating' rural Cubans into protected towns to isolate insurgents and cut off their support networks.
Regarding the 'reconcentration' tactic, did Martínez-Campos readily implement it himself upon proposing it?
Answer: False
No, Arsenio Martínez-Campos refused to order the 'reconcentration' tactic himself and offered to resign his post rather than implement it.
Clarify the objective of the 'reconcentration' strategy proposed by Martínez-Campos: was it intended to protect Cuban civilians from insurgents?
Answer: False
The 'reconcentration' strategy was not intended to protect civilians but rather to isolate Cuban insurgents by forcing rural populations into protected zones, thereby cutting off their support.
What was the name of the agreement Arsenio Martínez-Campos brokered in Cuba in 1878?
Answer: The Pact of Zanjón
In 1878, Arsenio Martínez-Campos brokered the agreement known as the Pact of Zanjón (Paz de Zanjón) with the Cuban rebels.
What was a principal outcome of the Pact of Zanjón?
Answer: Increased autonomy for Cuba and freedom for former slaves who joined the rebels.
The Pact of Zanjón resulted in increased autonomy for Cuba and granted freedom to former slaves who had joined the rebel forces, marking a significant step towards eventual abolition.
What was the stated reason for Arsenio Martínez-Campos being replaced by Blas Villate during the Ten Years' War in Cuba?
Answer: Villate was seen as more capable of winning the war, while Martínez-Campos was perceived as too lenient.
Martínez-Campos was replaced by Blas Villate during the Ten Years' War because Villate was considered more ruthless and effective in prosecuting the war, whereas Martínez-Campos was viewed as too lenient.
What specific term is used in the source material to describe Blas Villate's campaign in Cuba?
Answer: The Rising Flood of Valmaseda, characterized by ethnic cleansing
Blas Villate's campaign in Cuba is described as 'The Rising Flood of Valmaseda,' noted for its brutal ethnic cleansing policies.
In what year was Arsenio Martínez-Campos first appointed as Captain General of Cuba?
Answer: 1876
Arsenio Martínez-Campos received his first appointment as Captain General of Cuba in the year 1876.
At approximately what age was Arsenio Martínez-Campos dispatched to Cuba for the second time to confront the independence movement?
Answer: 53
Arsenio Martínez-Campos was approximately 53 years old when he was sent to Cuba for the second time to address the ongoing War of Independence.
What was a significant challenge faced by Spanish troops under Martínez-Campos during the Cuban War of Independence?
Answer: Widespread disease like malaria and yellow fever
Spanish forces in Cuba, including those under Martínez-Campos, contended with widespread tropical diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, which significantly impacted troop strength.
What controversial strategy did Arsenio Martínez-Campos propose for managing the rural population in Cuba to combat insurgents?
Answer: Reconcentrating them into Spanish-held towns behind fortifications.
Martínez-Campos proposed the strategy of 'reconcentrating' rural Cubans into fortified towns to isolate insurgents and disrupt their supply lines.
Did Arsenio Martínez-Campos personally implement the 'reconcentration' tactic during his command in Cuba?
Answer: No, he refused to order the tactic and offered to resign.
Arsenio Martínez-Campos declined to implement the 'reconcentration' tactic himself, offering his resignation instead.
Who ultimately succeeded Arsenio Martínez-Campos as Captain General of Cuba during the War of Independence?
Answer: Valeriano Weyler
Valeriano Weyler eventually replaced Arsenio Martínez-Campos as Captain General of Cuba during the War of Independence.
What was the primary objective of the 'reconcentration' strategy proposed by Arsenio Martínez-Campos?
Answer: To force Cuban rebels to surrender by cutting off their support.
The primary objective of the 'reconcentration' strategy was to compel Cuban rebels to surrender by isolating them and severing their support networks.
Following his role in defeating the Carlists, was Arsenio Martínez-Campos appointed Captain General of Andalusia?
Answer: False
After contributing to the defeat of the Carlists, Martínez-Campos was appointed Captain General of Catalonia, not Andalusia.
Regarding the regency period, did Arsenio Martínez-Campos oppose the regency of Queen Maria Christina after King Alfonso XII's death?
Answer: False
Following the death of King Alfonso XII, Martínez-Campos supported the regency of Queen Maria Christina, rather than opposing it.
Upon returning to Spain after his second command in Cuba, did Arsenio Martínez-Campos immediately retire from military affairs?
Answer: False
Upon returning to Spain after his second Cuban assignment, Martínez-Campos was named president of the Supreme War and Navy Council, though he resigned shortly thereafter, indicating he did not immediately retire from all military affairs.
Assess the duration of Arsenio Martínez-Campos's tenure as Prime Minister of Spain: did he serve for nearly a year in 1879?
Answer: False
Arsenio Martínez-Campos served as Prime Minister of Spain from March 7 to December 9, 1879, a period of approximately nine months, which is less than a full year.
Confirm his role during the regency: Did Martínez-Campos serve as President of the Senate of Spain during the regency of Maria Christina?
Answer: True
Yes, Arsenio Martínez-Campos served as President of the Senate of Spain during the regency of Queen Maria Christina.
Regarding his first term as President of the Senate (1885-1886), was Alfonso XII the monarch?
Answer: False
Alfonso XII died in 1885. His first term as President of the Senate (1885-1886) occurred during the regency of Queen Maria Christina, with Alfonso XIII as the nominal monarch.
Verify his cabinet role: Did Martínez-Campos serve as Minister of War under Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta?
Answer: True
Yes, Arsenio Martínez-Campos served as Minister of War during periods when Práxedes Mateo Sagasta was Prime Minister.
After contributing to the defeat of the Carlists, what significant position did Arsenio Martínez-Campos assume?
Answer: Captain General of Catalonia
Following his involvement in suppressing the Carlist uprisings, Martínez-Campos was appointed Captain General of Catalonia.
How did Arsenio Martínez-Campos respond to the death of King Alfonso XII in 1885?
Answer: He supported the regency of Queen Maria Christina.
Upon the death of King Alfonso XII in 1885, Martínez-Campos offered his support for the regency of Queen Maria Christina.
What position did Arsenio Martínez-Campos hold upon his return to Spain after his second command in Cuba, before resigning shortly thereafter?
Answer: President of the Supreme War and Navy Council
Upon his return to Spain after his second Cuban assignment, Martínez-Campos was appointed president of the Supreme War and Navy Council.
Who was the reigning monarch of Spain during Arsenio Martínez-Campos's term as Prime Minister in 1879?
Answer: Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII was the monarch of Spain during Arsenio Martínez-Campos's period as Prime Minister in 1879.
During which monarch's reign or regency did Arsenio Martínez-Campos serve as President of the Senate?
Answer: Maria Christina of Austria (Regent)
Arsenio Martínez-Campos served as President of the Senate during the regency of Maria Christina of Austria.
Confirm his contributions to military education: As Minister for War, did Arsenio Martínez-Campos found the General Military Academy?
Answer: True
During his tenure as Minister for War, Arsenio Martínez-Campos was instrumental in founding the General Military Academy.
Which significant military institution was founded by Arsenio Martínez-Campos during his tenure as Minister for War?
Answer: The General Military Academy
During his service as Minister for War, Arsenio Martínez-Campos established the General Military Academy.