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Ashikaga Takauji was responsible for establishing the Ashikaga shogunate immediately following the conclusion of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Answer: False
Ashikaga Takauji established the Ashikaga shogunate in 1338. The Tokugawa shogunate, however, was established much later, in 1603, and followed the Ashikaga period.
Ashikaga Takauji, the inaugural Ashikaga shogun, maintained his reign until his demise in the year 1357.
Answer: True
Ashikaga Takauji, who established the Ashikaga shogunate, served as its first shogun and ruled until his death in 1357.
The Genpei War served as the direct precursor and catalyst for the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: False
The Genpei War (1185) led to the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate. The Ashikaga shogunate, founded by Ashikaga Takauji, emerged much later, following the Kenmu Restoration.
Emperor Go-Daigo initiated the Kenmu Restoration with the objective of fortifying the political ascendancy of the Hōjō clan.
Answer: False
Emperor Go-Daigo initiated the Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336) with the explicit aim of restoring direct Imperial rule and dismantling the power of the Hōjō clan, which had dominated the preceding Kamakura shogunate.
Ashikaga Takauji's decision to subvert the Kenmu Restoration was potentially influenced by Emperor Go-Daigo's policies and prevailing clan rivalries.
Answer: True
Historical analysis suggests that Ashikaga Takauji's eventual opposition to Emperor Go-Daigo's Kenmu Restoration may have stemmed from dissatisfaction with the Emperor's governance and the complex dynamics of clan loyalties and rivalries prevalent during that era.
The date 11 August 1336 signifies the formal abolition of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: False
August 11, 1336, is significant as the date Ashikaga Takauji entered Kyoto and effectively established the Ashikaga shogunate, marking its beginning, not its abolition.
The Ashikaga clan held the position of shogun, presiding over the military government for a duration of nearly two and a half centuries.
Answer: True
The Ashikaga clan provided the shoguns for Japan's military government for approximately 237 years, from 1338 to 1573, a period often referred to as the Muromachi period.
Ashikaga Takauji's investiture as Shōgun in 1338 marked the conclusion of the Kamakura shogunate and the inception of the Ashikaga era.
Answer: True
The appointment of Ashikaga Takauji as shogun in 1338 officially established the Ashikaga shogunate, thereby ending the preceding Kamakura period and initiating a new era of military rule.
The Kamakura shogunate preceded the Ashikaga shogunate and was subsequently overthrown by it.
Answer: True
The Ashikaga shogunate indeed succeeded the Kamakura shogunate, which it effectively overthrew, marking a significant transition in Japan's military leadership.
The Kenmu Restoration represented a period of military rule instituted by Ashikaga Takauji.
Answer: False
The Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336) was an attempt by Emperor Go-Daigo to restore direct Imperial rule, not a period of military rule initiated by Ashikaga Takauji. Takauji later overthrew the Restoration.
What was the Kenmu Restoration, initiated by Emperor Go-Daigo?
Answer: A brief period aiming to restore direct Imperial rule.
The Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336) was Emperor Go-Daigo's attempt to reassert direct Imperial authority and dismantle the military government, though it was ultimately short-lived.
The Nanboku-chō period, a historical phase marked by the division between two contending Imperial courts, was ultimately resolved during the tenure of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
Answer: True
Indeed, the Nanboku-chō period, characterized by the existence of rival Northern and Southern Imperial courts, reached its formal conclusion in 1392 during the administration of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, who facilitated the reunification under the Northern Court.
Throughout the Ashikaga period, the political influence and power of the Imperial Court experienced a significant augmentation, establishing it as the preeminent political entity.
Answer: False
The power of the Imperial Court substantially diminished during the Ashikaga period. Following the failed Kenmu Restoration, the court became largely symbolic, with actual political and military authority residing with the shogunate.
Emperor Ōgimachi ascended to the throne and reigned during the nascent stages of the Ashikaga shogunate's establishment.
Answer: False
Emperor Ōgimachi reigned from 1557 to 1586, which falls within the later, declining period of the Ashikaga shogunate, not its early establishment phase.
The Southern Court, during the Nanboku-chō period, was headquartered in Kyoto and provided support to the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: False
The Southern Court was based in Yoshino, not Kyoto, and represented the rival claimant to the Imperial throne that opposed the Ashikaga-backed Northern Court in Kyoto during the Nanboku-chō period.
The surrender of Emperor Go-Kameyama on 15 October 1392 marked the commencement of the Nanboku-chō period.
Answer: False
The surrender of Emperor Go-Kameyama on October 15, 1392, signified the *conclusion* of the Nanboku-chō period, not its beginning. This event led to the reunification of the Imperial line under the Northern Court.
The Nanboku-chō period was characterized by a unified Imperial Court operating under the auspices of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: False
The Nanboku-chō period was defined by the division of the Imperial Court into two rival factions (Northern and Southern Courts), not by its unification under the Ashikaga shogunate.
Which event marked the end of the Nanboku-chō period by reunifying the Imperial line?
Answer: The surrender of Emperor Go-Kameyama in 1392.
The surrender of Emperor Go-Kameyama in 1392 formally concluded the Nanboku-chō period by reunifying the Imperial line under the Northern Court, with the support of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Which emperor reigned during the later period of the Ashikaga shogunate and witnessed its decline?
Answer: Emperor Ōgimachi
Emperor Ōgimachi reigned from 1557 to 1586, a period encompassing the final decades and eventual collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate.
The principal function attributed to the Ashikaga shogunate was that of a cultural council tasked with advising the Emperor on matters of art and aesthetics.
Answer: False
The primary function of the Ashikaga shogunate was that of a military dictatorship, wielding de facto political and military power over Japan, rather than serving solely as a cultural advisory body to the Emperor.
In comparison to the Kamakura and Tokugawa shogunates, the Ashikaga shogunate was characterized by a more robustly centralized master-vassal system and possessed more extensive personal territorial holdings.
Answer: False
The Ashikaga shogunate was notably less centralized and held less direct territorial control compared to the Kamakura and Tokugawa shogunates. Its authority often relied more on the prestige of the shogun and the loyalty of regional daimyo.
Under the administrative framework of the Ashikaga shogunate, shugo (provincial governors) acquired augmented judicial, economic, and taxation prerogatives within their respective provinces.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The Ashikaga period saw the shugo consolidate significant powers, including judicial, economic, and taxation authority, which contributed to the decentralization of governance and the rise of regional power bases.
The Ashikaga shogunate implemented strictly isolationist foreign policies, prohibiting any form of contact with external nations.
Answer: False
While the Ashikaga shogunate's foreign policy was often cautious, it did engage in diplomatic and trade relations, particularly with Ming China and Joseon Korea, thus refuting the claim of complete isolation.
The Ashikaga shogunate is characterized as a democratic republic governed by elected officials.
Answer: False
The Ashikaga shogunate was a feudal military dictatorship, not a democratic republic. Its governance structure was based on the authority of the shogun and the samurai class, not elected representatives.
The designation 'Ashikaga bakufu' refers to the Imperial Court during the Muromachi period.
Answer: False
'Ashikaga bakufu' is the term for the Ashikaga shogunate, signifying its military government. It does not refer to the Imperial Court.
The Ashikaga shogunate fundamentally relied upon the samurai class for the maintenance of its military power and the execution of its governance.
Answer: True
As a military government, the Ashikaga shogunate's structure and authority were intrinsically linked to the samurai class, who formed its military backbone and administrative cadre.
The concept of 'absolute monarchy' implies a system wherein the shogun's authority was rigorously circumscribed by a council composed of elected representatives.
Answer: False
Absolute monarchy, by definition, implies supreme and largely unchecked power vested in the monarch (or shogun). The presence of an elected representative council would contradict this principle.
The term 'feudal' in the context of the Ashikaga shogunate signifies a system where land grants were primarily exchanged for religious tithes.
Answer: False
In a feudal system, land grants are typically exchanged for military service and loyalty. The Ashikaga shogunate operated within such a framework, not one based on religious tithes as the primary exchange.
What does the Japanese term 'bakufu' signify within the context of the Ashikaga shogunate?
Answer: Military government
'Bakufu' is a Japanese term that translates to 'military government' or 'tent government,' denoting the administrative structure headed by the shogun.
What does the term 'feudal' imply about the Ashikaga shogunate's system?
Answer: A system of reciprocal obligations between lords and vassals, often involving land for military service.
The term 'feudal' describes a socio-political system characterized by hierarchical relationships based on reciprocal obligations, typically involving land tenure in exchange for military service and adherence to loyalty, which was characteristic of the Ashikaga shogunate's structure.
The edifice known as the 'Flower Palace' served as the military headquarters for the Kamakura shogunate and was situated in Kyoto's Muromachi district.
Answer: False
The 'Flower Palace' (Hana no Gosho) was the residence of the Ashikaga shoguns, located in Kyoto's Muromachi district. It was associated with the Ashikaga (Muromachi) shogunate, not the earlier Kamakura shogunate.
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu is recognized for his pivotal role in resolving the Nanboku-chō period and for establishing the shogunate's principal residence within Kyoto's Muromachi district.
Answer: True
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the third Ashikaga shogun, is indeed credited with ending the Nanboku-chō division and establishing his opulent residence, the 'Flower Palace,' in the Muromachi district, which lent its name to the shogunate and the era.
The heraldic symbol, or 'Mon,' associated with the Ashikaga shogunate denotes a complex of Buddhist temples.
Answer: False
The Ashikaga 'Mon' is not indicative of a Buddhist temple complex; rather, it represents the heraldic symbol or crest of the ruling Ashikaga clan, signifying their lineage and authority.
Late Middle Japanese constituted the vernacular language prevalent during the era of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: True
The linguistic stage of Late Middle Japanese corresponds to the period of the Ashikaga shogunate, reflecting the evolution of the Japanese language during this historical epoch.
Shinbutsu-shūgō, a practice prevalent during the Ashikaga shogunate, mandated the strict segregation of Buddhist and Shinto religious observances.
Answer: False
Shinbutsu-shūgō refers to the syncretism or blending of Buddhist and Shinto practices, not their strict separation. This syncretic approach was characteristic of religious life during the Ashikaga period.
The appellation 'Muromachi bakufu' derives from the geographical location of the shogunal residence within Kyoto's Muromachi district.
Answer: True
The name 'Muromachi bakufu' is indeed derived from the Muromachi district in Kyoto, where Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence, the 'Flower Palace,' thereby associating the district with the shogunate and the period.
The Japanese 'mon' served as the principal currency utilized during the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: True
The Japanese 'mon' was indeed the basic unit of currency during the Ashikaga shogunate, used for transactions throughout the period.
The Ashikaga 'Mon' emblem serves as a representation of the ruling Ashikaga clan, symbolizing their lineage and established authority.
Answer: True
The 'Mon' of the Ashikaga clan is a heraldic symbol that visually identifies the ruling family and signifies their hereditary claim and authority during their period of governance.
The Muromachi district in Kyoto served as the site for the Ashikaga shogunate's primary residence, known as the 'Flower Palace'.
Answer: True
This is accurate. The Muromachi district in Kyoto was the location of the 'Flower Palace,' the opulent residence of the Ashikaga shoguns, which gave the shogunate its alternative name.
The 'Kanbai-kan' is a historical site that preserves artifacts from the Ashikaga shogunate's 'Flower Palace'.
Answer: True
The 'Kanbai-kan' is indeed a historical site associated with the former 'Flower Palace,' containing relics and remnants from the Ashikaga shogunate's primary residence.
What is the historical significance of the Muromachi district in Kyoto concerning the Ashikaga shogunate?
Answer: It was the location of the shogunal residence, the 'Flower Palace'.
The Muromachi district is historically significant as the site where Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence, the 'Flower Palace,' which subsequently lent its name to the shogunate and the Muromachi period.
What does the Ashikaga clan's 'Mon' represent?
Answer: A Japanese heraldic symbol or crest.
The 'Mon' is a Japanese heraldic symbol, akin to a crest or coat of arms, used by families like the Ashikaga clan to denote lineage and identity.
The Ashikaga shogunate, alternatively designated as the Muromachi shogunate, exercised governance over Japan during the tumultuous Sengoku period.
Answer: False
The Sengoku period, often translated as the 'Warring States period,' was characterized by widespread civil war and the significant weakening of the Ashikaga shogunate's central authority, rather than its stable governance.
The Ōnin War, a protracted conflict spanning from 1467 to 1477, served to consolidate and strengthen the Ashikaga shogunate's central authority.
Answer: False
Contrary to strengthening its authority, the Ōnin War critically weakened the Ashikaga shogunate, precipitating a period of widespread civil war and decentralization of power among regional warlords.
Subsequent to Ashikaga Yoshimitsu's rule, the Ashikaga shogunate experienced a strengthening of its authority due to succession stability and the resolution of internal conflicts among warrior families.
Answer: False
Following Ashikaga Yoshimitsu's era, the shogunate's authority weakened considerably due to persistent succession disputes and escalating internal conflicts among the powerful warrior clans, rather than experiencing strengthening.
The Ashikaga shogunate's reliance on the symbolic prestige of the shogun and the allegiance of daimyo, rather than direct territorial administration, was a contributing factor to its eventual decline.
Answer: True
This structural characteristic, emphasizing personal loyalty and prestige over direct control, rendered the shogunate vulnerable to internal fragmentation and the erosion of its authority, particularly as powerful daimyo consolidated their own regional power.
The Sengoku period, often translated as the 'Prosperous Era,' was characterized by sustained peace and stability under the governance of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: False
The Sengoku period, meaning 'Warring States period,' was defined by intense civil conflict and political instability, marking a time when the Ashikaga shogunate's authority had severely eroded, leading to widespread warfare among regional lords.
The Ōnin War (1467–1477) served to consolidate the Ashikaga shogunate's authority over the daimyo.
Answer: False
The Ōnin War critically weakened the Ashikaga shogunate, leading to a significant loss of central control and paving the way for the rise of powerful, independent daimyo during the subsequent Sengoku period.
The Sengoku period emerged subsequent to a period of strengthened Ashikaga shogunate authority following the Ōnin War.
Answer: False
The Sengoku period began as a direct consequence of the weakening of the Ashikaga shogunate's authority, particularly after the devastating Ōnin War, which led to widespread conflict among daimyo.
The term 'Sengoku period' is best translated as:
Answer: Warring States period
The Japanese term 'Sengoku jidai' translates directly to 'Warring States period,' accurately describing the era of intense civil conflict and fragmentation that characterized this phase of Japanese history.
What was the significance of the Ōnin War (1467–1477) for the Ashikaga shogunate?
Answer: It severely weakened the shogunate, reducing it to a local force.
The Ōnin War devastated Kyoto and critically undermined the shogunate's authority, effectively reducing it to a minor power confined to the capital and initiating the Sengoku period.
The assassination of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiteru in 1565 precipitated a period of stabilization and reinforced the shogunate's central power.
Answer: False
The assassination of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiteru in 1565 was a destabilizing event that created a power vacuum, exacerbating internal conflicts and contributing to the shogunate's eventual downfall, rather than leading to stabilization.
Oda Nobunaga ultimately concluded the Ashikaga shogunate by expelling the final shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, from Kyoto in the year 1573.
Answer: True
This statement accurately reflects the historical events. Oda Nobunaga's military actions led to the expulsion of Ashikaga Yoshiaki from the capital in 1573, marking the formal end of the Ashikaga shogunate.
The Ashikaga shogunate formally ceased to exist in 1573, coinciding with the expulsion of its last shogun.
Answer: True
The abolition of the Ashikaga shogunate occurred in 1573 when Oda Nobunaga drove out the final shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, thereby terminating the nearly 240-year rule of the Ashikaga clan.
Oda Nobunaga initially installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as shogun with the strategic intent of maintaining control over him as a nominal figurehead.
Answer: True
Upon capturing Kyoto in 1568, Oda Nobunaga placed Ashikaga Yoshiaki on the shogunal throne, intending to rule indirectly through him. However, Yoshiaki later attempted to assert independence, leading to his eventual overthrow by Nobunaga.
The date 2 September 1573 marks the official conclusion of the Ashikaga shogunate.
Answer: True
This date accurately signifies the end of the Ashikaga shogunate, as it was on September 2, 1573, that Oda Nobunaga expelled the last shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, from Kyoto.
On 18 October 1568, Oda Nobunaga captured Heian-kyō (Kyoto) and subsequently installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as the 15th shogun.
Answer: True
This is historically accurate. Oda Nobunaga's military campaign culminated in the capture of Kyoto on October 18, 1568, after which he installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as the nominal shogun.
Oda Nobunaga was the final Ashikaga shogun, bearing responsibility for the dissolution of the shogunate.
Answer: False
Oda Nobunaga was a powerful daimyo who *ended* the Ashikaga shogunate by overthrowing the last shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki. Nobunaga himself was never an Ashikaga shogun.
How did Oda Nobunaga ultimately bring an end to the Ashikaga shogunate?
Answer: By driving Ashikaga Yoshiaki out of Kyoto in 1573.
Oda Nobunaga's decisive military action involved the expulsion of the final shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, from Kyoto in 1573, which effectively terminated the Ashikaga shogunate.
Who was the final Ashikaga shogun, and in what year was the shogunate officially abolished?
Answer: Ashikaga Yoshiaki, 1573
Ashikaga Yoshiaki served as the last shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate. Its official abolition occurred in 1573 following his expulsion from Kyoto by Oda Nobunaga.
What was the relationship between Oda Nobunaga and Ashikaga Yoshiaki after 1568?
Answer: Nobunaga installed Yoshiaki as a puppet shogun.
Following his capture of Kyoto in 1568, Oda Nobunaga installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as the shogun, intending to exercise control through him as a puppet ruler.
Subsequent to the abolition of the shogunate, the Ashikaga family lineage was entirely eradicated from the historical record of Japan.
Answer: False
While the shogunate itself ended, the Ashikaga family lineage did not disappear. A branch of the family continued to exist, notably becoming the daimyo family of the Kitsuregawa domain.
What transpired with the Ashikaga family lineage following the dissolution of the shogunate?
Answer: A branch became the daimyo family of the Kitsuregawa domain.
Although the shogunate ended, a segment of the Ashikaga family lineage persisted, eventually establishing itself as the daimyo family governing the Kitsuregawa domain.