Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 5
Atheism, in its broadest sense, is defined as the absence of belief in the existence of deities, rather than exclusively as active denial.
Answer: True
The broadest definition of atheism encompasses the absence of belief in deities, which includes individuals who have not considered theistic concepts or have not yet formed a belief, not solely active denial.
Theism is the belief that at least one deity exists, directly contrasting with atheism.
Answer: True
Theism is defined as the belief in the existence of at least one deity, which stands in direct contrast to atheism, the lack of such belief.
Atheist organizations commonly defend principles such as the autonomy of science and secular ethics.
Answer: True
Atheist organizations typically advocate for principles including the autonomy of science, freedom of thought, secularism, and secular ethics.
Explicit atheism is the conscious and deliberate rejection of belief in deities.
Answer: True
Explicit atheism is characterized by the conscious and deliberate rejection of belief in deities, distinguishing it from implicit atheism.
Julian Baggini argues that atheism provides a superior basis for ethics by necessitating critical evaluation of moral codes.
Answer: True
Julian Baggini suggests that atheism offers a superior ethical foundation by requiring an external moral framework, thereby encouraging critical assessment of moral codes.
Atheism can be compatible with certain religious or spiritual systems that do not center on a personal creator deity.
Answer: True
Atheism can indeed be compatible with specific religious or spiritual traditions that do not emphasize a personal creator deity, such as certain forms of Buddhism or humanistic Judaism.
What is the broadest definition of atheism?
Answer: The absence of belief in the existence of deities.
In its broadest sense, atheism is defined as the absence of belief in the existence of deities. This definition encompasses individuals who have not considered theistic concepts or have not yet formed a belief.
Which of the following is a core principle typically defended by atheist organizations?
Answer: The autonomy of science.
Atheist organizations typically defend principles such as the autonomy of science, freedom of thought, secularism, and secular ethics.
What distinguishes explicit atheism from implicit atheism?
Answer: Explicit atheism is conscious rejection, while implicit atheism is absence of belief without rejection.
Explicit atheism involves a conscious rejection of belief in deities, whereas implicit atheism refers to the absence of theistic belief without a conscious rejection, often seen in individuals who have not considered the concept.
Which major world religions are noted for accommodating atheistic viewpoints?
Answer: Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism
Atheism is recognized as a valid philosophical position within specific traditions of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism, which often emphasize philosophical inquiry over a singular creator deity.
A common philosophical rationale for atheism is the argument from consistent divine revelations.
Answer: False
Common philosophical rationales for atheism include the lack of empirical evidence for deities and arguments from inconsistent revelations, not consistent ones.
According to some nonbelievers, the burden of proof in discussions concerning the existence of gods rests with the theist.
Answer: True
Nonbelievers often contend that the burden of proof lies with the theist to substantiate their belief, rather than with the atheist to disprove the existence of gods.
Theological noncognitivism posits that statements concerning God are not meaningful propositions but are instead cognitively meaningless.
Answer: True
Theological noncognitivism argues that statements about God are not meaningful propositions but are rather cognitively meaningless or nonsensical.
The 'problem of evil' questions how an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent God can coexist with suffering.
Answer: True
The problem of evil questions the compatibility of an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent God with the existence of evil and suffering in the world.
Karl Marx posited that religion functions as a tool utilized by the ruling class to maintain the oppression of the working class.
Answer: True
Karl Marx viewed religion as a mechanism employed by the ruling class to oppress the working class, famously describing it as 'the opium of the people'.
According to the source, what is a common philosophical rationale presented for atheism?
Answer: The lack of empirical evidence for deities.
Common philosophical rationales for atheism include the lack of empirical evidence for deities, the problem of evil, and arguments from inconsistent revelations.
How do nonbelievers argue the burden of proof should be placed in discussions about the existence of gods?
Answer: On the theist to provide a rationale for belief.
Nonbelievers contend that the burden of proof rests with the theist to substantiate their belief, rather than with the atheist to disprove the existence of gods.
Which philosophical argument for atheism posits that statements concerning God are cognitively meaningless?
Answer: Theological noncognitivism
Theological noncognitivism posits that statements concerning God are not meaningful propositions but are instead nonsensical or cognitively meaningless.
The argument positing that attributes such as omnipotence and omnibenevolence are logically inconsistent is known as:
Answer: The argument of incompatible properties
The argument of incompatible properties asserts that attributes commonly ascribed to God, such as omnipotence and omnibenevolence, contain inherent logical contradictions.
What secular theories regarding the origin of God and religious beliefs were proposed by thinkers such as Feuerbach and Freud?
Answer: They are projections of human ideals and psychological needs.
Thinkers such as Ludwig Feuerbach and Sigmund Freud proposed that God and religious beliefs are human inventions devised to satisfy psychological and emotional needs.
How did Karl Marx characterize religion's societal role?
Answer: The opium of the people.
Karl Marx famously characterized religion as 'the opium of the people,' suggesting it pacifies the oppressed by providing illusory solace and hindering social change.
The ancient Greek adjective *átheos* originally meant 'god-believer' and was used as a term of praise.
Answer: False
The ancient Greek adjective *átheos* originally meant 'godless' and was used as a term of censure, translating to 'ungodly' or 'impious'.
The Age of Enlightenment witnessed a resurgence, not a decline, in atheistic thought, influenced by rationalist and empiricist philosophies.
Answer: True
The Age of Enlightenment marked a significant resurgence of atheistic thought, fueled by rationalist and empiricist philosophies, rather than a decline.
What was the original connotation of the ancient Greek adjective *átheos*?
Answer: Ungodly or impious
In ancient Greek, the adjective *átheos* was initially employed as a term of censure, translating roughly to 'ungodly' or 'impious'.
Statistically, atheists are frequently perceived negatively worldwide, with non-atheists often viewing them as inclined towards immoral behaviors.
Answer: True
Statistical data indicates that atheists are often viewed negatively globally, with non-atheists frequently perceiving them as prone to immoral behaviors, a perception linked to the belief that morality requires divine grounding.
According to sociologist Phil Zuckerman, what correlation exists between societal well-being and irreligion?
Answer: Positive correlation; higher irreligion leads to greater well-being.
Phil Zuckerman concluded that societal well-being exhibits a positive correlation with irreligion, indicating that societies with higher concentrations of atheism and secularity tend to demonstrate better societal health.
What did a 2016 meta-analysis ascertain regarding the association between analytical thinking and religious disbelief?
Answer: A negative correlation between religiosity and analytical thinking.
A 2016 meta-analysis found that self-identified atheists scored significantly higher on cognitive reflection tests than theists, indicating a negative correlation between religiosity and analytical thinking.
Richard Dawkins categorizes theistic positions based on a spectrum of theistic probability, viewing them as mutually exclusive categories.
Answer: False
Richard Dawkins categorizes theistic positions along a spectrum of theistic probability, viewing them not as mutually exclusive but as points on a continuum.
How does Richard Dawkins categorize theistic positions?
Answer: Along a spectrum of theistic probability.
Richard Dawkins proposes distinguishing theist, agnostic, and atheist positions along a spectrum of theistic probability, reflecting the likelihood each individual assigns to the statement 'God exists'.