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The Barony of Passavant constituted a medieval Frankish fiefdom, integrated within the broader political structure of the Principality of Achaea.
Answer: True
The Barony of Passavant represented a medieval Frankish fiefdom, a territorial grant bestowed by a lord upon a vassal within the feudal framework, and it was an integral component of the Principality of Achaea.
Passavant Castle, also known as Passava, served as the administrative and defensive center of the barony.
Answer: True
The primary stronghold and administrative center of the Barony of Passavant was Passavant Castle, also known as Passava, functioning as the barony's defensive core.
The Barony of Passavant existed as a Frankish territory from its establishment around 1209 until its conquest in 1263.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant functioned as a Frankish territory from its establishment circa 1220 until its conquest in 1263.
The establishment of the Barony of Passavant occurred later than most other original baronies of the Principality of Achaea.
Answer: True
The establishment of the Barony of Passavant transpired subsequent to the formation of most other original baronies within the Principality of Achaea.
The Barony of Passavant was organized into approximately eight knight's fiefs.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was structured into approximately four knight's fiefs.
John de Nully likely arrived in the Peloponnese to establish his barony around the year 1218.
Answer: False
John de Nully is believed to have arrived in the Peloponnese to establish his barony circa 1220.
The Greek name for Passavant Castle is "Akova".
Answer: False
The Greek designation for Passavant Castle is not 'Akova', but rather 'Passavas'.
The Barony of Passavant was established for a knight named Vilain of Nully.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was established for the knight John de Nully, not Vilain of Nully.
The Barony of Passavant was a Frankish fiefdom within the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was a Frankish fiefdom situated within the Principality of Achaea, not the Holy Roman Empire.
The establishment of the Barony of Passavant occurred before most other original baronies of the Principality of Achaea.
Answer: False
The establishment of the Barony of Passavant occurred later than most other original baronies of the Principality of Achaea.
What was the Barony of Passavant?
Answer: A Frankish fiefdom within the Principality of Achaea.
The Barony of Passavant represented a medieval Frankish fiefdom, a territorial grant bestowed by a lord upon a vassal within the feudal framework, and it was an integral component of the Principality of Achaea.
Approximately when was the Barony of Passavant established?
Answer: Shortly after 1218 or 1220
The Barony of Passavant functioned as a Frankish territory from its establishment circa 1220 until its conquest in 1263.
Who was the first knight granted the Barony of Passavant?
Answer: John de Nully
The Barony of Passavant was established for John de Nully, a knight of French origin, shortly after 1218 or 1220, illustrating the practice of granting land and authority to military leaders in newly acquired territories.
What does the term "feudal lordship" imply about the Barony of Passavant's governance structure?
Answer: It operated under a system of land ownership and reciprocal obligations.
Characterizing the barony as a feudal lordship implies a hierarchical system of governance wherein land tenure and political authority were intrinsically linked to mutual obligations, principally military service and loyalty, between a lord and his vassals.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Barony of Passavant and the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: Passavant was a subordinate territorial division within the Principality.
The Principality of Achaea constituted the overarching feudal state established by the Crusaders in the Peloponnese, with the Barony of Passavant serving as one of its subordinate territorial divisions.
What was the approximate number of knight's fiefs the Barony of Passavant was organized into?
Answer: Four
The Barony of Passavant was structured into approximately four knight's fiefs.
What was the Greek name for Passavant Castle?
Answer: Passavas
The Greek appellation for Passavant Castle is Passavas, transliterated from the Greek script as Πασσαβάς.
What was the broad historical period during which the Barony of Passavant functioned?
Answer: The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages represents the historical epoch spanning approximately the 5th to the 15th century, a period during which feudal systems, monarchies, and political structures such as the Principality of Achaea were prevalent.
The Barony of Passavant was geographically located in the coastal plains of Attica.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was geographically situated in the interior mountainous regions of the Peloponnese, not the coastal plains of Attica.
The barony held strategic military importance as a watchpoint over the Maniots and Slavic populations on Mount Taygetos.
Answer: True
The barony possessed considerable military importance by functioning as a strategic watchpoint overseeing the frequently recalcitrant Maniots and the Slavic populations inhabiting Mount Taygetos, thereby aiding in regional control.
The geographical coordinates provided for the Barony of Passavant are 36 degrees, 43 minutes South latitude and 22 degrees, 30 minutes West longitude.
Answer: False
The stated geographical coordinates for the Barony of Passavant, 36°43' S latitude and 22°30' W longitude, are factually incorrect.
The Barony of Passavant was geographically located in the northern mountainous regions of Greece.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was geographically situated in the interior mountainous regions of the Peloponnese, not the northern mountainous regions of Greece.
The Barony of Passavant was situated between the Mani peninsula and the plain of Thessaly.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was geographically positioned between the Mani peninsula and the plain of Laconia, not Thessaly.
Where was the Barony of Passavant geographically located?
Answer: In the mountainous interior of the Peloponnese.
The Barony of Passavant was geographically situated in the interior mountainous regions of the Peloponnese, not the coastal plains of Attica.
What was the primary strategic military importance of the Barony of Passavant?
Answer: To serve as a watchpoint over the Maniots and Slavic populations.
The barony possessed considerable military importance by functioning as a strategic watchpoint overseeing the frequently recalcitrant Maniots and the Slavic populations inhabiting Mount Taygetos, thereby aiding in regional control.
What does the term "unruly Maniots" imply about the population the barony was meant to monitor?
Answer: They were known for their independent spirit and potential resistance.
The description 'unruly Maniots' suggests that the inhabitants of the Mani peninsula were historically recognized for their pronounced independent spirit and propensity for resistance against external authority, thus necessitating the barony's monitoring function.
What was the significance of the map shown in relation to the Barony of Passavant?
Answer: It provided essential geographical context for the barony's placement.
The accompanying map delineates significant locations within the Peloponnese during the late Middle Ages, thereby providing crucial geographical context for comprehending the placement and territorial scope of the Barony of Passavant.
John de Nully, a prominent Byzantine nobleman, was the first knight granted the Barony of Passavant.
Answer: False
John de Nully, the first Baron of Passavant, was not a Byzantine nobleman but rather a French knight, presumed to be the son of Vilain of Nully.
John de Nully, the first Baron of Passavant, was the son of the historian Geoffrey of Villehardouin.
Answer: False
John de Nully, the first Baron of Passavant, was not the son of the historian Geoffrey of Villehardouin, but rather is presumed to be the son of Vilain of Nully, an associate of Villehardouin.
John de Nully held the hereditary title of Prince of Achaea.
Answer: False
John de Nully did not hold the hereditary title of Prince of Achaea; rather, he held the hereditary title of Marshal of Achaea.
Margaret of Passavant was the sole daughter and designated heiress to both the Barony of Passavant and the Barony of Akova.
Answer: True
Margaret of Passavant was designated as the sole daughter and heiress to the inheritances of both the Barony of Passavant and the Barony of Akova.
Margaret of Passavant was held as a hostage in Athens from 1262 until around 1275.
Answer: False
Margaret of Passavant was held as a hostage in Constantinople, not Athens, from 1262 until approximately 1275.
The Barony of Akova was confiscated by the Prince of Achaea because Margaret of Passavant promptly asserted her inheritance claim.
Answer: False
The Barony of Akova was confiscated by the Prince of Achaea due to Margaret of Passavant's delayed assertion of her inheritance claim, a consequence of her hostage status.
Margaret of Passavant successfully regained possession of her entire inheritance after her release from captivity.
Answer: False
Following her release from captivity, Margaret of Passavant did not regain possession of her entire inheritance; she succeeded in reclaiming only a portion of the Barony of Akova.
John de Nully was known to be a close associate of the prominent medieval historian Geoffrey of Villehardouin.
Answer: True
John de Nully is understood to have been a close associate of the notable medieval historian Geoffrey of Villehardouin.
Margaret of Passavant's inheritance claim was delayed because she was a hostage at the Byzantine court.
Answer: True
Margaret's capacity to claim her inheritance was substantially delayed due to her being held in Constantinople as a hostage at the Byzantine court, a condition persisting from 1262 until approximately 1275.
John de Nully held the hereditary position of Marshal of the Principality of Achaea.
Answer: True
John de Nully was appointed as the hereditary marshal of Achaea, a significant role entailing the oversight of military affairs, with the right of succession through his lineage.
What hereditary title did John de Nully hold in the Principality of Achaea?
Answer: Hereditary Marshal
John de Nully was appointed as the hereditary marshal of Achaea, a significant role entailing the oversight of military affairs, with the right of succession through his lineage.
Who was Margaret of Passavant?
Answer: The sole daughter and heiress of John de Nully.
Margaret of Passavant, the sole daughter of John de Nully, was designated as the common heiress, signifying her entitlement to inherit both the Barony of Passavant and the Barony of Akova.
Why was Margaret of Passavant's inheritance delayed?
Answer: She was held as a hostage at the Byzantine court.
Margaret's capacity to claim her inheritance was substantially delayed due to her being held in Constantinople as a hostage at the Byzantine court, a condition persisting from 1262 until approximately 1275.
What happened to the Barony of Akova due to Margaret's delayed inheritance claim?
Answer: It was confiscated by the Prince of Achaea.
The Barony of Akova was confiscated by the Prince of Achaea as a direct consequence of Margaret's protracted delay in asserting her inheritance claim, a delay attributable to her status as a hostage.
What was the ultimate resolution of Margaret of Passavant's claim to her inheritance?
Answer: She succeeded in regaining possession of one-third of the Barony of Akova.
Subsequent to a period of legal contention, Margaret of Passavant ultimately achieved the recovery of a portion of her inheritance, specifically one-third of the Barony of Akova.
John de Nully married the sister of which other prominent baron?
Answer: The Baron of Akova
John de Nully married the sister of Walter of Rosières, who held the barony of Akova, thereby establishing a familial link between these two distinct baronies.
The Byzantine conquest of the Barony of Passavant occurred around the year 1248.
Answer: False
The Byzantine conquest of the Barony of Passavant did not occur around 1248, but rather circa 1263.
The Despotate of the Morea was a Frankish administrative region that succeeded the Barony of Passavant after its reconquest.
Answer: False
The Despotate of the Morea was a Byzantine administrative region that succeeded the Barony of Passavant following its reconquest by the Byzantines.
The pacification of Laconia was completed with the capture of Mystras in 1248.
Answer: False
The pacification of Laconia was concluded with the capture of Monemvasia in approximately 1248, not Mystras.
The term "Frankokratia" refers to the period of Byzantine rule established in Greece after the Fourth Crusade.
Answer: False
The term 'Frankokratia' denotes the period of Frankish (Western European) rule established in Greece subsequent to the Fourth Crusade, not Byzantine rule.
The capture of Monemvasia in 1248 marked the beginning of Frankish control over Laconia.
Answer: False
The capture of Monemvasia in approximately 1248 signified the completion of the pacification of Laconia, not the beginning of Frankish control.
The Barony of Passavant was conquered by the Venetians around 1263.
Answer: False
The Barony of Passavant was conquered by the Byzantines around 1263, not the Venetians.
What event marked the end of the Barony of Passavant's existence as a Frankish territory?
Answer: Its absorption into the Byzantine Empire.
The cessation of the Barony of Passavant as a Frankish entity transpired upon its conquest by the Byzantines, the governing power of the Eastern Roman Empire, circa 1263.
What Byzantine administrative entity succeeded the Barony of Passavant after its reconquest?
Answer: The Despotate of the Morea
The reconquest of Passavant by the Byzantine Empire in 1263 precipitated the eventual establishment of the Despotate of the Morea, a Byzantine administrative region that assumed control over the territory formerly administered by the barony.
What was the status of Laconia before the fall of Monemvasia in 1248?
Answer: Still contested, with Monemvasia being the final Byzantine stronghold.
Prior to the fall of Monemvasia circa 1248, Laconia remained incompletely pacified, suggesting that the region was still contested or challenging for the Frankish rulers to control.
What does the term "Frankokratia" refer to in the context of the Barony of Passavant?
Answer: The period of Frankish rule established in Greece after the Fourth Crusade.
The term 'Frankokratia' denotes the era of Frankish rule established in Greece following the Fourth Crusade, a period during which the Barony of Passavant was instituted as a component of the Principality of Achaea.
The name "Passavant" is believed to originate from a French phrase that may have been used as a war-cry or family motto.
Answer: True
The etymological origin of the name 'Passavant' is posited to stem from a French phrase, potentially employed as a war-cry or familial motto.
Historical sources provide extensive and detailed information regarding the specific fiefs within the Barony of Passavant.
Answer: False
Historical sources offer scant specific information concerning the Barony of Passavant itself or the particulars of its constituent fiefs.
The historical conjecture by Karl Hopf that there were two successive barons named John of Passavant was widely accepted by later historians.
Answer: False
The historian Karl Hopf proposed a theory that there were two successive barons named John of Passavant, a conjecture that was later disputed and rejected by the historian Antoine Bon.
The historian Antoine Bon supported Karl Hopf's theory regarding multiple John of Passavant barons.
Answer: False
The historian Antoine Bon disputed, rather than supported, Karl Hopf's theory regarding multiple John of Passavant barons.
What is the probable etymological origin of the name "Passavant"?
Answer: A French phrase possibly meaning 'pass forward' or a war-cry.
The appellation 'Passavant' or 'Passava' is believed to derive from the French phrase 'passe avant,' potentially functioning as a war-cry or family motto, and the name also appears as a placename in northeastern France.
Which historical work by Antoine Bon is referenced regarding the Barony of Passavant?
Answer: "The Frankish Morea: Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea"
The principal historical source cited for information concerning the Barony of Passavant is Antoine Bon's work, titled "La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe," which translates to "The Frankish Morea: Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea."
What historical conjecture by Karl Hopf concerning the barons of Passavant was later disputed?
Answer: That there were two successive barons named John of Passavant.
The historian Karl Hopf proposed a theory that there were two successive barons named John of Passavant, a conjecture that was later disputed and rejected by the historian Antoine Bon.