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The Battle of Azua, also known as the March 19th Battle, was the concluding major engagement of the Dominican War of Independence.
Answer: False
The Battle of Azua was a pivotal engagement, but it was not the concluding major engagement of the Dominican War of Independence; the war continued with subsequent battles and campaigns. It is recognized as the first major engagement of the war.
The Dominican Declaration of Independence occurred several months after the Battle of Azua.
Answer: False
The Dominican Declaration of Independence occurred on February 27, 1844, which was *before* the Battle of Azua on March 19, 1844. The battle was one of the first major military tests following the declaration.
The summary of the Battle of Azua primarily relied on accounts from French sources only.
Answer: False
The summary of the Battle of Azua drew upon multiple sources, including accounts from the French consul, Dominican historian José Gabriel García, and Haitian sources, not solely French sources.
The Provisional Government Board established after Dominican independence was dominated by liberal members.
Answer: False
The Provisional Government Board established after Dominican independence was primarily dominated by conservative elements, despite including some liberal members.
The Battle of Azua was part of the Haitian campaign to suppress a rebellion within Haiti.
Answer: False
The Battle of Azua was a key engagement in the Dominican War of Independence, fought against the Haitian invasion aimed at maintaining control over the newly declared Dominican Republic, not to suppress a rebellion within Haiti.
Francisco Elpidio Beras published his summary of the battle in a newspaper.
Answer: False
Francisco Elpidio Beras published his summary of the Battle of Azua in *Clío* magazine, not a newspaper.
The Battle of Azua's significance lies in it being the first major military test for the newly independent Dominican Republic.
Answer: True
The Battle of Azua holds significant importance as it was the first major military confrontation following the Dominican Republic's declaration of independence, demonstrating the nation's resolve against invasion.
The battle summary is based solely on Dominican historical accounts.
Answer: False
The battle summary incorporates accounts from multiple sources, including French, Dominican, and Haitian historians, not solely Dominican accounts.
What was the primary significance of the Battle of Azua in the Dominican War of Independence?
Answer: It was the first major engagement, demonstrating the new nation's resistance against invasion.
The Battle of Azua was significant as the first major military confrontation of the Dominican War of Independence, serving as a crucial demonstration of the newly formed nation's capacity to resist Haitian invasion.
How did the Dominican Declaration of Independence relate chronologically to the Battle of Azua?
Answer: The declaration occurred shortly before the battle, initiating the conflict.
The Dominican Republic declared its independence on February 27, 1844, and the Battle of Azua, a major engagement in the subsequent war, took place on March 19, 1844.
Which of the following sources contributed to the summary of the Battle of Azua?
Answer: French consul, Dominican historian, and Haitian sources.
The summary of the Battle of Azua was compiled using accounts from the French consul, Dominican historian José Gabriel García, and Haitian sources, among others.
The Battle of Azua took place on March 19, 1844, in the city of Azua de Compostela.
Answer: True
The Battle of Azua, also known as the *Batalla del 19 de Marzo*, occurred on March 19, 1844, in Azua de Compostela, located in the Azua Province of the Dominican Republic.
The Battle of Azua is also known as the *Batalla del 19 de Marzo*.
Answer: True
The Battle of Azua is commonly referred to in Spanish as the *Batalla del 19 de Marzo*, reflecting the date it took place.
Azua de Compostela is located in the Santiago Province of the Dominican Republic.
Answer: False
Azua de Compostela, the site of the battle, is located in the Azua Province of the Dominican Republic, not the Santiago Province.
On what date did the Battle of Azua take place?
Answer: March 19, 1844
The Battle of Azua occurred on March 19, 1844.
General Antonio Duvergé was the sole commander of the Dominican forces during the Battle of Azua.
Answer: False
General Antonio Duvergé was a key commander, but he shared leadership of the Dominican forces with General Pedro Santana during the Battle of Azua.
Haitian President Charles Rivière-Hérard commanded one of the Haitian columns and ultimately ordered the withdrawal during the Battle of Azua.
Answer: True
President Charles Rivière-Hérard personally led one of the Haitian invasion columns and made the decision to order the withdrawal of his forces from the Battle of Azua.
The Dominican Republic's army at Azua was significantly larger than the invading Haitian force.
Answer: False
The invading Haitian force was significantly larger than the Dominican army defending Azua. The Dominicans fielded approximately 2,200 troops, while the Haitians deployed an estimated 10,000 soldiers.
Pedro Santana, a seasoned military general, led the Dominican forces at Azua.
Answer: False
While Pedro Santana was a significant leader, he was not a seasoned military general at the time of the Battle of Azua; he was a cattle rancher appointed to command the southern army.
General Pedro Santana ordered the Haitian withdrawal from the Battle of Azua.
Answer: False
President Charles Hérard, not General Pedro Santana, ordered the Haitian withdrawal from the Battle of Azua.
Feliciano Martínez and José Leger were among the key Dominican officers mentioned for their roles in the battle.
Answer: True
Feliciano Martínez and José Leger are among the Dominican officers noted for their significant contributions and roles during the Battle of Azua.
The Haitian attacking force at Azua consisted only of regular army units.
Answer: False
The Haitian attacking force at Azua included regular army units such as the 99th and 190th Line Regiments, but also national guardsmen from Puerto Republicano and the Presidential Guard's grenadiers and hunters.
Nearly all Dominican troops under General Santana's command actively participated in the fighting at Azua.
Answer: False
Out of the approximately 1,500 men under General Santana's command, only about 800 actively participated in the fighting during the Battle of Azua.
President Hérard's invasion army numbered approximately 10,000 men.
Answer: False
While President Hérard commanded a column of approximately 10,000 men, the total Haitian army organized for the invasion numbered around 30,000 men.
The Dominican Army of the South consisted of roughly 10,000 regular troops.
Answer: False
The Dominican Army of the South, which defended Azua, consisted of approximately 2,200 regular troops, not 10,000.
Who were the main Dominican commanders leading the forces at the Battle of Azua?
Answer: General Pedro Santana and General Antonio Duvergé
The Dominican forces at the Battle of Azua were primarily led by Generals Pedro Santana and Antonio Duvergé.
What was the estimated size difference between the opposing forces at the Battle of Azua?
Answer: Haitian forces (10,000) significantly outnumbered Dominican forces (2,200).
The Haitian invading force, estimated at 10,000 soldiers, significantly outnumbered the Dominican defenders, who numbered approximately 2,200.
What is notable about Pedro Santana's background in relation to his command at Azua?
Answer: He lacked prior military experience, being a cattle rancher.
Pedro Santana, who commanded Dominican forces at Azua, was primarily a cattle rancher with no prior military experience at the time of his appointment.
Who gave the order for the Haitian forces to withdraw from the Battle of Azua?
Answer: President Charles Rivièré-Hérard
President Charles Rivièré-Hérard, who commanded one of the Haitian columns, ultimately gave the order for his forces to withdraw from the Battle of Azua.
What was the role of the 99th and 190th Line Regiments in the Battle of Azua?
Answer: They were part of the Haitian attacking force.
The 99th and 190th Line Regiments were among the Haitian military units that constituted the attacking force at the Battle of Azua.
Which Dominican officers were specifically mentioned for directing cannon fire during the battle?
Answer: Francisco Sone and José del Carmen García
Francisco Sone and José del Carmen García are the Dominican officers specifically mentioned for their roles in directing cannon fire during the Battle of Azua.
Haitian President Charles Rivière-Hérard planned the invasion using three main army columns.
Answer: True
Haitian President Charles Rivière-Hérard organized his invasion force into three distinct columns, each with specific objectives and routes into Dominican territory.
President Hérard declared that capturing Azua opened the path to Santiago.
Answer: False
President Hérard declared that capturing Azua opened the path to Santo Domingo, not Santiago. He rallied his troops by stating, 'Azua opens the gates to Santo Domingo.'
Azua Province was considered a secondary objective in the Haitian invasion plan.
Answer: False
Azua was a primary strategic objective for the Haitian invasion, with President Hérard personally leading a column to capture it, recognizing its importance in advancing towards the capital.
General Souffront's column was tasked with capturing Puerto Plata as part of the invasion.
Answer: False
General Souffront's column was tasked with capturing Neiba and then linking up with President Hérard's forces in Azua. Puerto Plata was the objective of General Jean-Louis Pierrot's northern column.
President Hérard vowed to return home immediately after capturing Azua.
Answer: False
President Hérard did not intend to return home immediately; instead, he declared that capturing Azua opened the path to Santo Domingo and vowed to continue the campaign against the insurgents.
General Jean-Louis Pierrot's objective was to capture Azua and San Juan.
Answer: False
General Jean-Louis Pierrot's objective was to capture Santiago and Puerto Plata in the north, not Azua and San Juan.
President Hérard's southern column aimed to capture only Azua.
Answer: False
President Hérard's southern column aimed to capture both San Juan de la Maguana and Azua as part of the invasion strategy.
President Hérard addressed his army in Azua, declaring the city's capture was a step towards conquering Santiago.
Answer: False
President Hérard addressed his army in Azua, declaring that its capture opened the path to Santo Domingo, not Santiago.
Which of the following was part of Haitian President Hérard's invasion strategy?
Answer: Three invasion columns targeting different regions of the country.
Haitian President Hérard's invasion strategy involved dividing his forces into three columns, each assigned specific objectives and routes to cover different parts of the Dominican territory.
What was President Hérard's declared objective after occupying Azua?
Answer: To march on Santo Domingo and defeat the insurgents.
After occupying Azua, President Hérard declared his intention to march on Santo Domingo and defeat the remaining Dominican insurgents, aiming to subdue the newly independent nation.
What was the strategic objective of General Souffront's column in the Haitian invasion plan?
Answer: To capture Neiba and then rendezvous with Hérard in Azua.
General Souffront's column was assigned the objective of capturing Neiba and subsequently meeting up with President Hérard's forces in Azua as part of the coordinated invasion.
What does the source suggest about the overall Haitian army size organized for the invasion?
Answer: Around 30,000 men.
The source indicates that Haitian President Charles Rivière-Hérard organized an overall invasion army of approximately 30,000 men.
Dominican forces at Azua relied solely on infantry charges to repel the Haitian army.
Answer: False
Dominican forces employed a variety of tactics, including strategic ambushes with concealed cannons and riflemen, in addition to infantry actions, to repel the Haitian army.
General Thomas Hector led the final phase of the Haitian retreat from Azua.
Answer: False
General Thomas Hector led the initial Haitian assault through the San Juan road entrance. The withdrawal was ultimately ordered by President Charles Hérard.
Dominican sharpshooters successfully held their positions along the Los Conucos road throughout the battle.
Answer: False
While Dominican sharpshooters were positioned effectively, Haitian forces eventually moved along the Los Conucos road to dislodge them. However, these sharpshooters were later ambushed near the Las Mercedes convent.
The most intense fighting during the Battle of Azua lasted for nearly a full day.
Answer: False
The most intense fighting during the Battle of Azua lasted for approximately three hours before the Haitian forces began their withdrawal.
A 12-pound cannon was used in the initial ambush at the San Juan road entrance.
Answer: False
A 24-pound cannon, strategically hidden, was used in the initial ambush at the San Juan road entrance, firing shrapnel at the approaching Haitian forces.
The old Las Mercedes convent was a site where Haitian forces successfully established a defensive position.
Answer: False
The area near the old Las Mercedes convent was utilized by Dominican forces for a successful ambush against Haitian troops, not for establishing a Haitian defensive position.
Haitian forces successfully dislodged Dominican sharpshooters near the Las Mercedes convent.
Answer: False
Haitian forces attempted to dislodge Dominican sharpshooters near the Las Mercedes convent but were subsequently ambushed by a hidden cannon and retreated in disorder.
How did Dominican forces strategically use the terrain and artillery during the Battle of Azua?
Answer: They used concealed cannons and riflemen in ambushes.
Dominican forces effectively utilized terrain and concealed artillery, employing ambushes with hidden cannons and riflemen to surprise and repel the advancing Haitian army.
Who led the initial Haitian assault through the San Juan road entrance?
Answer: General Thomas Hector
General Thomas Hector led the initial Haitian assault through the San Juan road entrance at the beginning of the Battle of Azua.
What happened after Haitian forces initially cleared the Dominican sharpshooters along the Los Conucos road?
Answer: They were ambushed near the Las Mercedes convent and retreated.
After clearing the Dominican sharpshooters along the Los Conucos road, the Haitian forces were subsequently ambushed near the old Las Mercedes convent by a hidden cannon, leading to their retreat.
What was the approximate duration of the most intense fighting in the Battle of Azua?
Answer: Approximately 3 hours
The most intense phase of fighting during the Battle of Azua lasted for approximately three hours before the Haitian forces began their withdrawal.
How did the Dominican forces utilize the area near the old Las Mercedes convent during the battle?
Answer: As a site for a successful ambush using a hidden cannon.
The area near the old Las Mercedes convent served as a location for a successful Dominican ambush, where a hidden cannon was used to inflict casualties on the retreating Haitian forces.
Dominican forces achieved a minor victory against the Haitian army at the Battle of Azua.
Answer: False
Dominican forces achieved a decisive victory at the Battle of Azua, repelling the larger invading Haitian army and securing a critical early success for the newly independent nation.
Dominican riflemen pursued the retreating Haitian army only to the outskirts of Azua.
Answer: False
Dominican riflemen, under General Pedro Santana's command, pursued the retreating Haitian army all the way to the Jura River.
The Haitian forces managed to take all their wounded soldiers with them when they retreated to the Jura River.
Answer: False
While the Haitian forces managed to take their wounded soldiers with them to the Jura River, they left approximately 50 dead on the battlefield.
The Dominican Republic suffered heavy casualties, exceeding 500 soldiers, in the Battle of Azua.
Answer: False
The Dominican Republic suffered minimal casualties in the Battle of Azua, reporting only 2 killed and 3 wounded.
Haiti's reported casualties in the Battle of Azua were less than 100 soldiers.
Answer: False
Haiti sustained significant losses during the Battle of Azua, with reports indicating approximately 1,000 soldiers killed.
Following the battle, General Santana immediately established headquarters in Santo Domingo.
Answer: False
Following the battle, General Santana retreated from the battlefield and established his headquarters in Baní, not Santo Domingo.
When President Hérard entered Azua on March 21st, he found the town bustling with residents.
Answer: False
When President Hérard entered Azua on March 21st, he found the town largely abandoned by its inhabitants, with only two residents remaining.
The Haitian army remained in Azua for several weeks to await reinforcements and supplies.
Answer: True
Following the Battle of Azua, the Haitian army remained in the town for several weeks to regroup, await reinforcements, and gather necessary supplies for their continued campaign.
The civilian population remained in Azua throughout the battle and President Hérard's subsequent occupation.
Answer: False
The civilian population had largely abandoned Azua before President Hérard's arrival on March 21st, fleeing the conflict.
After occupying Azua, Haitian forces seized only ammunition and provisions.
Answer: False
After occupying Azua, Haitian forces seized ammunition, provisions, sugar, and livestock, not solely ammunition and provisions.
The Haitian forces entrenched themselves at the Yaque del Norte River after retreating.
Answer: False
The retreating Haitian forces entrenched themselves at the Jura River, not the Yaque del Norte River.
Santana fortified El Seibo and Higüey to block potential Haitian advances after the battle.
Answer: False
After retreating, Santana fortified defensive positions at El Núemro, El Memizo, and El Maniel to block potential Haitian advances towards Santo Domingo, not El Seibo and Higüey.
El Núemro, El Memizo, and El Maniel were locations where Haitian forces planned to regroup after the battle.
Answer: False
El Núemro, El Memizo, and El Maniel were advanced defensive positions fortified by General Santana to block potential Haitian advances towards Santo Domingo after the battle, not locations for Haitian regrouping.
Approximately 50 Haitian soldiers were left dead on the battlefield after the retreat.
Answer: True
After retreating to the Jura River, approximately 50 Haitian soldiers were left dead on the battlefield.
The Haitian army remained in Azua for several weeks primarily to regroup and await reinforcements.
Answer: True
The Haitian army stayed in Azua for several weeks after the battle, focusing on regrouping and awaiting essential reinforcements and supplies for their campaign.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the outcome of the Battle of Azua?
Answer: A significant Dominican victory against the invading Haitian forces.
The Battle of Azua resulted in a significant Dominican victory, with their forces successfully repelling the larger invading Haitian army.
To which river did Dominican riflemen pursue the retreating Haitian army?
Answer: Jura River
Dominican riflemen pursued the retreating Haitian army all the way to the Jura River.
What significant losses did Haiti sustain at the Battle of Azua?
Answer: Around 1,000 soldiers killed.
Haiti suffered considerable losses at the Battle of Azua, with reports indicating approximately 1,000 soldiers killed.
What did President Hérard find upon entering Azua on March 21st?
Answer: A town largely abandoned, with only two residents remaining.
Upon entering Azua on March 21st, President Hérard discovered that the town had been largely abandoned by its inhabitants, with only two residents remaining.
Why did the Haitian army remain in Azua for several weeks after the battle?
Answer: To await reinforcements, ammunition, and supplies for the campaign.
The Haitian army stayed in Azua for several weeks post-battle primarily to regroup and await the arrival of crucial reinforcements, ammunition, and supplies necessary for continuing their campaign.
What was the reported casualty count for the Dominican Republic at the Battle of Azua?
Answer: 2 killed and 3 wounded.
The Dominican Republic sustained minimal casualties at the Battle of Azua, reporting only 2 soldiers killed and 3 wounded.
Following the battle, where did General Santana establish his headquarters?
Answer: In Baní, after retreating via Sabana Buey.
After the Battle of Azua, General Santana retreated and established his headquarters in Baní, following an initial stop in Sabana Buey.
What items did the Haitian forces seize after occupying the abandoned town of Azua?
Answer: Weapons, sugar, and livestock.
Upon occupying the abandoned town of Azua, Haitian forces seized various items, including weapons, sugar stored in barrels, and livestock.
Which specific locations did Santana ensure were well-defended after retreating from Azua to prevent further Haitian advances?
Answer: El Núemro, El Memizo, and El Maniel
After retreating, General Santana fortified the defensive positions at El Núemro, El Memizo, and El Maniel to prevent potential Haitian advances towards Santo Domingo.
The Battle of Rodeo, where Dominican forces repelled a Haitian column, occurred after the main Battle of Azua.
Answer: False
The Battle of Rodeo occurred *before* the main Battle of Azua, serving as a preliminary engagement where Dominican forces repelled a Haitian column led by President Hérard.
General Fernando Tavera was wounded while leading Haitian forces at the Battle of Rodeo.
Answer: False
General Fernando Tavera was wounded while leading Dominican forces at the Battle of Rodeo, not Haitian forces.
The skirmishes on March 18th successfully prevented General Souffront's column from reaching Azua concurrently with Hérard's forces.
Answer: True
The skirmishes on March 18th, particularly those involving General Souffront's column, successfully slowed the Haitian advance, preventing them from converging on Azua simultaneously with President Hérard's forces.
What role did the Battle of Rodeo play in the events leading up to the Battle of Azua?
Answer: It was a preliminary engagement where Dominicans repelled a Haitian column led by Hérard.
The Battle of Rodeo, fought prior to the Battle of Azua, was a preliminary engagement where Dominican forces successfully repelled a Haitian column led by President Charles Hérard, contributing to the delaying tactics of the invasion.