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The *Star of the West* successfully delivered reinforcements and supplies to Fort Sumter in January 1861, strengthening the Union position.
Answer: False
The *Star of the West* was fired upon by Confederate shore batteries and forced to withdraw, failing to deliver any supplies or reinforcements to Fort Sumter.
South Carolina seceded from the United States primarily due to economic disputes over tariffs, rather than the outcome of the 1860 presidential election.
Answer: False
South Carolina's secession on December 20, 1860, was primarily catalyzed by Abraham Lincoln's victory in the presidential election, which occurred without any Southern electoral votes.
By February 1861, all Southern states had seceded and established their permanent capital in Richmond, Virginia.
Answer: False
By February 1861, seven Southern states had seceded and established their *temporary* capital in Montgomery, Alabama, not Richmond, Virginia.
President James Buchanan actively intervened militarily to prevent the secession of Southern states and the seizure of federal properties.
Answer: False
President James Buchanan protested secession and federal property seizures but took no direct military action, citing a lack of constitutional authority and concern about further alienating slave states.
Major Anderson moved his command from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter because Fort Moultrie was a more modern and defensible structure.
Answer: False
Major Anderson moved his command to Fort Sumter because Fort Moultrie was vulnerable, while Fort Sumter was a more substantial fortress on an island, offering a stronger defensive position.
After Anderson's move to Fort Sumter, South Carolina troops seized all federal positions in Charleston Harbor, including Fort Sumter itself.
Answer: False
After Anderson's move, South Carolina state troops occupied all remaining federal positions *except* Fort Sumter, which remained under Union control until the bombardment.
Lincoln refused to negotiate with Confederate agents because he did not recognize the Confederacy as a legitimate nation.
Answer: True
President Lincoln rejected negotiations with Confederate agents, viewing any treaty as an implicit recognition of the Confederacy as a sovereign government, which he refused to grant.
The relief expedition ordered by President Lincoln for Fort Sumter was primarily intended to launch a military assault on Confederate positions.
Answer: False
Lincoln's relief expedition was primarily intended to supply Fort Sumter with provisions, with military action only authorized if the Confederates opposed the resupply effort.
Confederate Secretary of State Robert Toombs strongly advocated for the attack on Fort Sumter, believing it would garner widespread Southern support.
Answer: False
Confederate Secretary of State Robert Toombs strongly *opposed* the attack on Fort Sumter, warning that it would 'lose us every friend at the North' and 'strike a hornet's nest'.
Major Anderson's instructions from the War Department explicitly forbade him from moving his command to a more defensible fort without direct presidential approval.
Answer: False
Major Anderson's instructions from the War Department explicitly directed him to move his command to the most defensible fort if a hostile act was designed or tangible evidence of such a design existed.
The Confederate States of America established its permanent capital in Montgomery, Alabama, immediately after its formation.
Answer: False
The Confederate States of America established its *temporary* capital in Montgomery, Alabama, after its formation, not a permanent one.
Secretary of State William H. Seward's unauthorized negotiations successfully averted the crisis at Fort Sumter.
Answer: False
Secretary of State William H. Seward's unauthorized and indirect negotiations ultimately failed to resolve the Fort Sumter crisis.
Governor Francis Wilkinson Pickens of South Carolina viewed Major Anderson's move to Fort Sumter as a necessary defensive measure.
Answer: False
Governor Pickens considered Major Anderson's move to Fort Sumter a 'breach of faith,' believing President Buchanan had implicitly promised to keep the fort unoccupied.
The temporary capital of the Confederate States of America was established in Charleston, South Carolina.
Answer: False
The temporary capital of the Confederate States of America was established in Montgomery, Alabama, not Charleston, South Carolina.
Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 was a significant factor leading to South Carolina's secession.
Answer: True
Abraham Lincoln's victory in the presidential election of 1860, without any Southern electoral votes, was a major catalyst for South Carolina's secession on December 20, 1860.
What significant political event immediately preceded South Carolina's secession?
Answer: Abraham Lincoln's victory in the presidential election of 1860.
South Carolina seceded on December 20, 1860, shortly after Abraham Lincoln's victory in the 1860 presidential election, which served as a major catalyst.
Where was the temporary capital of the Confederate States of America established by February 1861?
Answer: Montgomery, Alabama
By February 1861, the seven seceded states adopted a provisional constitution and established their temporary capital at Montgomery, Alabama.
Which of the following best describes President James Buchanan's actions regarding Southern secession and federal property seizures?
Answer: He protested but took no direct action, citing lack of constitutional authority.
President Buchanan protested secession and federal property seizures but refrained from direct military intervention, believing he lacked constitutional authority and fearing it would cause more states to secede.
Major Robert Anderson moved his command from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter primarily because:
Answer: Fort Sumter offered a stronger defensive position as a more substantial fortress on an island.
Major Anderson moved his command to Fort Sumter on December 26, 1860, because it was a more substantial fortress on an island, offering a stronger defensive position than the vulnerable Fort Moultrie.
What was the outcome of President Buchanan's attempt to reinforce and resupply Fort Sumter using the *Star of the West*?
Answer: The ship was fired upon by shore batteries and forced to withdraw, failing to deliver supplies.
The unarmed merchant ship *Star of the West* was fired upon by Confederate shore batteries on January 9, 1861, hit three times, and forced to withdraw without delivering supplies.
Why did President Lincoln reject negotiations with Confederate agents regarding federal properties?
Answer: He did not consider the Confederacy a legitimate nation and viewed negotiations as recognition.
President Lincoln rejected negotiations with Confederate agents because he did not recognize the Confederacy as a legitimate nation, and engaging in a treaty would have implied such recognition.
What was the primary purpose of the relief expedition ordered by President Lincoln on April 4, 1861?
Answer: To supply Fort Sumter with provisions only, responding militarily if opposed.
Lincoln's relief expedition was ordered to supply Fort Sumter with provisions, with instructions to respond militarily only if the Confederates opposed the resupply effort.
Who reportedly warned Jefferson Davis that attacking Fort Sumter would 'lose us every friend at the North' and 'strike a hornet's nest'?
Answer: Robert Toombs
Confederate Secretary of State Robert Toombs reportedly warned Jefferson Davis against attacking Fort Sumter, predicting it would provoke a strong reaction from the North.
What was the primary reason Governor Francis Wilkinson Pickens considered Major Anderson's move to Fort Sumter a 'breach of faith'?
Answer: Pickens believed President Buchanan had implicitly promised to keep Fort Sumter unoccupied.
Governor Pickens considered Anderson's move a 'breach of faith' because he believed President Buchanan had implicitly promised to keep Fort Sumter unoccupied, leading to political embarrassment for the governor.
What federal property did South Carolina troops capture on December 30, 1860, acquiring over 22,000 weapons?
Answer: The Federal arsenal in Charleston
On December 30, 1860, South Carolina state troops captured the Federal arsenal in Charleston, acquiring over 22,000 weapons.
What was the main reason both President Lincoln and President Davis wanted to avoid being perceived as the aggressor in the Fort Sumter crisis?
Answer: To avoid losing precious political support in the border states.
Both President Lincoln and President Davis sought to avoid being perceived as the aggressor, fearing it would cause them to lose crucial political support in the undecided border states.
Who was the Secretary of State who engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations, wishing to give up Sumter for political reasons?
Answer: William H. Seward
Secretary of State William H. Seward engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations, hoping to resolve the crisis by giving up Fort Sumter for political reasons.
Which of the following was NOT among the federal properties seized by South Carolina state troops after Major Anderson's move to Fort Sumter?
Answer: Fort Pickens
After Anderson's move, South Carolina state troops seized Fort Moultrie, Fort Johnson, and the Federal arsenal in Charleston, but Fort Pickens was not among them.
Which of the following was NOT a reason President Buchanan took no direct action against secession?
Answer: He secretly supported the Southern states' right to secede.
President Buchanan protested secession and refrained from military intervention due to a belief in lack of constitutional authority and concern about further secessions, but he did not secretly support the right to secede.
Major Robert Anderson, the Union commander at Fort Sumter, had previously served as an artillery instructor to Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard.
Answer: True
Major Robert Anderson had previously served as Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard's artillery instructor at West Point, with Beauregard also serving as Anderson's assistant after graduation.
P. G. T. Beauregard was appointed the first general officer in the Confederate armed forces and directed the strengthening of batteries around Charleston Harbor.
Answer: True
P. G. T. Beauregard was appointed the first general officer of the Confederacy on March 1, 1861, and actively oversaw the fortification of Confederate batteries targeting Fort Sumter.
Fort Sumter's design made it highly effective at defending against land-based artillery attacks from the surrounding area.
Answer: False
Fort Sumter was primarily designed for naval defense, with its guns aimed at the Atlantic, making it largely ineffective against high-arcing land-based artillery fire from surrounding Confederate positions.
The Union garrison at Fort Sumter was well-supplied with ammunition and personnel, allowing them to operate all their available guns effectively.
Answer: False
The Union garrison of 85 men was significantly understaffed for the fort's 60 available guns and faced severe shortages of ammunition, particularly cloth gunpowder cartridges.
The Confederate forces at Fort Sumter had a significant numerical advantage over the Union garrison.
Answer: True
The Confederate forces surrounding Fort Sumter numbered between 500 and 6,000 men, providing a significant numerical advantage over the Union garrison of approximately 85 men.
President Jefferson Davis appointed P. G. T. Beauregard as the first general officer of the Confederacy in March 1861.
Answer: True
President Jefferson Davis appointed P. G. T. Beauregard as the first general officer in the Confederate armed forces on March 1, 1861.
Major Anderson's garrison of 85 men was sufficient to operate all 135 guns Fort Sumter was designed to mount.
Answer: False
Fort Sumter was designed to mount 135 guns and be operated by 650 men, but Major Anderson's garrison consisted of only 85 men, insufficient to operate even the 60 available guns.
What was the approximate strength of the Union garrison at Fort Sumter?
Answer: 85 men
The Union garrison at Fort Sumter consisted of approximately 85 men, significantly fewer than the fort was designed to accommodate or the Confederate forces arrayed against it.
Who was appointed the first general officer in the armed forces of the new Confederacy on March 1, 1861?
Answer: P. G. T. Beauregard
P. G. T. Beauregard was appointed the first general officer in the armed forces of the new Confederacy by President Jefferson Davis on March 1, 1861.
What was the professional relationship between Major Anderson and Brigadier General Beauregard prior to the battle?
Answer: Anderson had been Beauregard's artillery instructor at West Point.
Major Anderson had previously served as Brigadier General Beauregard's artillery instructor at West Point, and Beauregard had even been Anderson's assistant after graduation.
What was a significant limitation of Fort Sumter's defensive capabilities against the Confederate land batteries?
Answer: Its guns were primarily aimed at the Atlantic, not the surrounding land.
Fort Sumter's original mission was harbor defense, meaning its guns were primarily aimed at the Atlantic, leaving it with limited capability to protect against land-based artillery fire.
Which of the following types of artillery was NOT mentioned as being deployed by Confederates around Charleston Harbor?
Answer: 16-inch naval guns
The flashcard lists 8-inch Columbiads, 10-inch mortars, and a 12-pound Blakely rifle among the Confederate artillery, but 16-inch naval guns are not mentioned.
What was the primary design purpose of Fort Sumter's guns?
Answer: To withstand a naval assault, with guns primarily aimed at the Atlantic.
Fort Sumter's guns were primarily designed for harbor defense, specifically to withstand a naval assault, and were therefore aimed predominantly at the Atlantic.
What was the estimated numerical advantage of Confederate forces surrounding Fort Sumter compared to the Union garrison?
Answer: Confederates outnumbered Union forces by at least 5 to 1, up to 70 to 1.
The Union garrison of 85 men was significantly outnumbered by Confederate forces, which ranged from 500 to 6,000 men, representing a numerical advantage of at least 5 to 1, and potentially up to 70 to 1.
The Battle of Fort Sumter was a prolonged engagement lasting several weeks, culminating in a Union victory.
Answer: False
The Battle of Fort Sumter lasted only two days, from April 12 to April 13, 1861, and resulted in a Confederate victory, not a Union one.
No direct casualties occurred on either side as a result of the bombardment of Fort Sumter itself.
Answer: True
While two U.S. Army soldiers died and four were wounded due to a gun explosion during the surrender ceremonies, no direct casualties occurred on either side as a result of the bombardment itself.
Major Anderson's final response to Beauregard's offer to abstain from fire was an unconditional agreement to evacuate Fort Sumter by April 15.
Answer: False
Major Anderson's reply was conditional, stating he would evacuate by noon on April 15, *unless* he received new orders or additional supplies, which was deemed unacceptable by the Confederates.
The first shot of the general bombardment at Fort Sumter was fired by Captain Abner Doubleday from within the fort.
Answer: False
The first shot of the general bombardment was fired by Confederate Lieutenant Henry S. Farley from Fort Johnson at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861. Captain Abner Doubleday fired the first Union shot hours later.
Edmund Ruffin, a prominent Virginia secessionist, fired one of the initial shots at Fort Sumter from the Iron Battery.
Answer: True
Edmund Ruffin, a noted Virginia secessionist, traveled to Charleston specifically to be present at the war's beginning and fired one of the first shots from the Iron Battery at Cummings Point.
The USS *Powhatan* successfully joined Fox's relief expedition and provided crucial naval support to Fort Sumter during the bombardment.
Answer: False
The USS *Powhatan* was diverted to the relief of Fort Pickens in Florida and never arrived at Fort Sumter, depriving Fox's relief expedition of crucial naval support.
Confederate forces used heated shot to target the fort's masonry walls, aiming to breach them directly.
Answer: False
Confederate forces used heated shot to target the fort's *wooden barracks and officer quarters*, aiming to start fires within the fort, not to breach masonry walls directly.
Colonel Louis Wigfall's offer of surrender terms to Major Anderson was fully authorized by Brigadier General Beauregard.
Answer: False
Colonel Louis Wigfall's offer of surrender terms was unauthorized by Brigadier General Beauregard, leading to Major Anderson's outrage when Beauregard's official delegation disavowed Wigfall's authority.
The terms of surrender for Fort Sumter allowed the Union garrison to march out with full military honors, including a flag salute.
Answer: True
Major Anderson accepted terms that allowed his garrison to march out with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away property, and saluting the U.S. flag with fifty guns.
The first military fatalities of the American Civil War occurred during the bombardment of Fort Sumter.
Answer: False
The first military fatalities occurred during a gun explosion during the 100-gun salute ceremony after the surrender, not during the bombardment itself.
The Union garrison at Fort Sumter was able to return fire effectively against all Confederate batteries due to their superior training.
Answer: False
The Union garrison was significantly outgunned and understaffed, and Fort Sumter's guns were primarily aimed at the Atlantic, limiting their effectiveness against land-based Confederate batteries.
The Union garrison at Fort Sumter had ample cloth gunpowder cartridges for the duration of the bombardment.
Answer: False
The Union garrison faced severe shortages of ammunition, particularly cloth gunpowder cartridges, with only 700 available at the start of the battle, leading to improvised production.
The Union's lowest-level guns at Fort Sumter had limited elevation, making them ineffective against high-arcing Confederate artillery fire.
Answer: True
Fort Sumter's guns were primarily aimed at the Atlantic, and its lowest-level guns had limited elevation, rendering them ineffective against the high-arcing ballistic trajectories of Confederate land-based artillery.
What event is widely recognized as the initiation of the American Civil War?
Answer: The Battle of Fort Sumter
The bombardment of Fort Sumter from April 12 to April 13, 1861, is widely recognized as the event that initiated the American Civil War.
Who commanded the Union forces at Fort Sumter during the bombardment?
Answer: Major Robert Anderson
Major Robert Anderson commanded the Union forces at Fort Sumter, ultimately surrendering the fort after the bombardment.
What was the immediate outcome of the Battle of Fort Sumter?
Answer: A Confederate victory, with the Confederacy capturing Fort Sumter.
The Battle of Fort Sumter concluded with a Confederate victory, leading to the capture of the fort and the formal surrender of the Union garrison.
What critical shortage did the Union garrison at Fort Sumter face during the bombardment, leading to improvised solutions?
Answer: Cloth gunpowder cartridges
The Union garrison faced a severe shortage of cloth gunpowder cartridges, with workmen frantically sewing more, even using socks from Major Anderson's personal wardrobe.
What was Major Anderson's conditional reply to Beauregard's offer to abstain from fire if he stated an evacuation time?
Answer: He would evacuate by noon on April 15, unless he received new orders or additional supplies.
Major Anderson replied that he would evacuate Fort Sumter by noon on April 15, but only if he did not receive new orders or additional supplies, a condition deemed unacceptable by the Confederates.
Who fired the signal shot that initiated the general bombardment of Fort Sumter?
Answer: Lieutenant Henry S. Farley
Lieutenant Henry S. Farley fired a single 10-inch mortar round from Fort Johnson at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, serving as the signal to open the general bombardment.
What happened to the USS *Powhatan*, which was supposed to be part of the Fort Sumter relief expedition?
Answer: It was diverted to the relief of Fort Pickens in Florida and never arrived at Fort Sumter.
The USS *Powhatan*, a crucial warship for the relief expedition, was unexpectedly diverted to Fort Pickens in Florida and thus never reached Fort Sumter.
How did the Confederates use 'heated shot' during the bombardment of Fort Sumter?
Answer: To target the fort's wooden barracks and officer quarters to start fires.
Confederate forces used heated shot to ignite fires within Fort Sumter's wooden barracks and officer quarters, posing a significant threat to the garrison.
What caused Major Anderson's initial outrage when Beauregard's officers arrived after Colonel Wigfall?
Answer: They disavowed Wigfall's authority, making Anderson believe his agreed terms were invalid.
Major Anderson was outraged when Beauregard's officers disavowed Colonel Wigfall's authority, leading Anderson to believe his previously agreed-upon surrender terms were invalid.
What were the terms of surrender that Major Anderson accepted for Fort Sumter?
Answer: Evacuation with full military honors, including a 50-gun salute to the U.S. flag.
Major Anderson accepted terms allowing his garrison to evacuate with full military honors, including marching out with colors flying, drums beating, and a fifty-gun salute to the U.S. flag.
What caused the deaths of Privates Daniel Hough and Edward Galloway, the first military fatalities of the Civil War?
Answer: A gun explosion during the 100-gun salute ceremony after the surrender.
Privates Daniel Hough and Edward Galloway died due to a gun explosion during the 100-gun salute to the U.S. flag after the surrender, marking the first military fatalities of the war.
What was the primary reason Fort Sumter's artillery was largely ineffective against the Confederate land batteries?
Answer: The fort's guns were primarily aimed at the Atlantic and had limited elevation for land targets.
Fort Sumter's artillery was largely ineffective against land-based Confederate batteries because its guns were primarily designed for naval defense, aimed at the Atlantic, and had limited elevation for land targets.
Who was the noted Virginia secessionist who fired one of the first shots at Fort Sumter from the Iron Battery?
Answer: Edmund Ruffin
Edmund Ruffin, a prominent Virginia secessionist, fired one of the first shots at Fort Sumter from the Iron Battery at Cummings Point.
What was the duration of the Battle of Fort Sumter?
Answer: Two days
The Battle of Fort Sumter took place from April 12 to April 13, 1861, lasting two days.
What was the primary threat posed by the Confederates' use of heated shot against Fort Sumter?
Answer: Igniting fires within the fort's wooden structures.
The primary threat of heated shot was its ability to ignite fires within the fort's wooden barracks and officer quarters, endangering the garrison and ammunition.
Who was the Union officer who fired the first shot in response to the Confederate bombardment at 7 a.m. on April 12?
Answer: Captain Abner Doubleday
Captain Abner Doubleday fired the first Union shot in response to the Confederate bombardment at 7 a.m. on April 12, targeting the Ironclad Battery at Cummings Point.
The Fort Sumter Flag became a symbol of Union resistance and inspired artwork after Major Anderson carried it north.
Answer: True
After the surrender, Major Anderson carried the Fort Sumter Flag north, where it became a powerful symbol of Union resistance and inspired artworks such as Frederic Edwin Church's *Our Banner in the Sky*.
Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers after Fort Sumter was met with universal support across all states, including the border states.
Answer: False
While the North rallied behind Lincoln's call, governors of border states refused to furnish troops, viewing it as an 'unholy crusade' against Southern states.
Charleston Harbor remained under Union control for most of the Civil War, facilitating the naval blockade.
Answer: False
Charleston Harbor remained entirely in Confederate hands for almost the entire four-year duration of the American Civil War, significantly hindering Union blockade efforts.
The Fort Sumter Flag was raised again at the fort exactly four years after its lowering, symbolizing the Union's victory.
Answer: True
On April 14, 1865, exactly four years after its lowering, Major General Robert Anderson returned to Fort Sumter to raise the flag, symbolizing the Union's victory and the end of the war.
The U.S. Post Office Department issued a Fort Sumter Centennial stamp in 1961 as the final stamp in a series commemorating the Civil War.
Answer: False
The Fort Sumter Centennial issue stamp, released in 1961, was the *first* in a series of five commemorating the Civil War Centennial, not the final one.
The Fort Sumter Centennial stamp featured an image of Abraham Lincoln delivering a speech.
Answer: False
The Fort Sumter Centennial stamp featured a seacoast gun aimed by an officer, with palmetto leaves in the background, not an image of Abraham Lincoln.
The Baltimore riot of 1861 is often considered the 'First Bloodshed of the Civil War,' occurring before the Battle of Fort Sumter.
Answer: False
The Baltimore riot of 1861 is often regarded as the 'First Bloodshed of the Civil War,' but it occurred *one week after* the Battle of Fort Sumter, not before.
Frederic Edwin Church's painting *Our Banner in the Sky* was inspired by the Fort Sumter Flag and symbolized the stars and stripes.
Answer: True
Frederic Edwin Church's 1861 painting *Our Banner in the Sky* was directly inspired by the Fort Sumter Flag and served as a symbolic landscape embodying the stars and stripes.
The illustration 'Bombardment of the Fort by the Confederates' depicts the exterior of Fort Sumter engulfed in flames.
Answer: False
The illustration 'Bombardment of the Fort by the Confederates' depicts a battle scene from *inside* a fortification, showing soldiers firing cannons at a distant, smoke-filled fortification, not the exterior of Fort Sumter engulfed in flames.
The Battle of Fort Sumter is widely recognized as the event that concluded the American Civil War.
Answer: False
The Battle of Fort Sumter is widely recognized as the event that *initiated* the American Civil War, not concluded it.
The Fort Sumter Centennial stamp featured the state tree of Virginia, the dogwood, in its background imagery.
Answer: False
The Fort Sumter Centennial stamp featured palmetto leaves, symbolizing South Carolina's state tree, in the background, not the dogwood of Virginia.
The Fort Sumter Flag was painted by Frederic Edwin Church as a direct depiction of the battle.
Answer: False
Frederic Edwin Church's painting *Our Banner in the Sky* was *inspired* by the Fort Sumter Flag and was a symbolic landscape, not a direct depiction of the battle itself.
The artwork 'Bombardment of Fort Sumter' by Currier and Ives depicts the fort surrounded by water, engulfed in fire, and with shells exploding above it.
Answer: True
The Currier and Ives artwork 'Bombardment of Fort Sumter' visually represents the stone fort surrounded by water, engulfed in fire, and with shells exploding in the air above it.
What event is often regarded as the 'First Bloodshed of the Civil War'?
Answer: The Baltimore riot of 1861.
The Baltimore riot of 1861, which occurred one week after the Battle of Fort Sumter, is often regarded as the 'First Bloodshed of the Civil War' due to clashes between Union troops and pro-Confederate sympathizers.
What happened to the Fort Sumter Flag after the surrender?
Answer: Major Anderson carried it north, where it became a symbol and rallying point for the Union.
Major Robert Anderson carried the Fort Sumter Flag north, where it became a powerful symbol of the battle and a rallying point for Union supporters.
How did the border states generally react to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers after the battle?
Answer: They refused to furnish men for what they considered an 'unholy crusade' against Southern states.
Governors of border states refused Lincoln's call for troops, stating they would not furnish men for what they considered an 'unholy crusade' against their Southern sister states.
For how long did Charleston Harbor remain under Confederate control after the Battle of Fort Sumter?
Answer: For the entire four-year duration of the American Civil War.
Charleston Harbor remained completely in Confederate hands for almost the entire four-year duration of the American Civil War, significantly impacting Union naval blockade efforts.
When was the Fort Sumter Flag eventually raised again at the fort by Robert Anderson?
Answer: On April 14, 1865, exactly four years after its lowering.
Major General Robert Anderson returned to the ruined Fort Sumter on April 14, 1865, exactly four years after its lowering, to raise the flag he had surrendered, symbolizing the Union's victory.
What imagery was featured on the Fort Sumter Centennial stamp issued in 1961?
Answer: A seacoast gun from Fort Sumter aimed by an officer, with palmetto leaves in the background.
The Fort Sumter Centennial stamp featured a seacoast gun aimed by an officer, with palmetto leaves in the background, symbolizing the geopolitical area where the Civil War hostilities began.
Which artwork, inspired by the Fort Sumter Flag, is described as a 'symbolic landscape embodying the stars and stripes'?
Answer: 'Our Banner in the Sky' by Frederic Edwin Church
Frederic Edwin Church's 1861 painting *Our Banner in the Sky* was inspired by the Fort Sumter Flag and is described as a 'symbolic landscape embodying the stars and stripes'.
What was a significant consequence of Lincoln's immediate call for 75,000 volunteers after the Battle of Fort Sumter?
Answer: It caused four additional Southern states to secede and join the Confederacy.
Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers after Fort Sumter prompted four additional Southern states to declare their secession and join the Confederacy, further escalating the conflict.
What was the state tree of South Carolina, symbolized by the palmetto leaves on the Fort Sumter Centennial stamp?
Answer: Palmetto
The palmetto leaves featured on the Fort Sumter Centennial stamp symbolized the state tree of South Carolina, where the Civil War hostilities began.
What was the name of the painting by Frederic Edwin Church inspired by the Fort Sumter Flag?
Answer: 'Our Banner in the Sky'
Frederic Edwin Church's 1861 painting, *Our Banner in the Sky*, was inspired by the Fort Sumter Flag and depicted a symbolic landscape embodying the stars and stripes.
What was the name of the U.S. Post Office Department's stamp issued in 1961 to commemorate the Civil War Centennial?
Answer: Fort Sumter Centennial issue stamp
The U.S. Post Office Department released the 'Fort Sumter Centennial issue stamp' on April 12, 1961, as the first in a series commemorating the Civil War Centennial.