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Bawean Island is situated approximately 150 kilometers north of Surabaya within the Java Sea.
Answer: True
Bawean Island is an Indonesian island situated approximately 150 kilometers north of Surabaya in the Java Sea, off the coast of Java. It falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Gresik Regency within the East Java province.
The central geographical feature of Bawean Island is an extinct volcano that rises to an elevation of 655 meters.
Answer: True
Bawean Island's landscape is dominated by an extinct volcano at its center, which rises to 655 meters (2,149 feet) above sea level.
Bawean Island has a nearly square shape with a diameter of approximately 25 km.
Answer: False
Bawean Island possesses a predominantly circular or nearly round shape, with an approximate diameter of 15 km (9.3 miles).
The shores of Bawean Island are characterized by smooth, sandy beaches with no rocky outcrops or reefs.
Answer: False
The shores of Bawean Island are characterized by winding coastlines featuring numerous small bays, interspersed with sandy beaches, rocks, and coral reefs extending offshore.
Lake Kastoba, located on Bawean Island, is a caldera lake covering approximately 0.3 square kilometers.
Answer: True
Lake Kastoba (Danau Kastoba) is a caldera lake on Bawean Island, covering an area of approximately 0.3 km².
Bawean Island experiences a dry, arid climate with very little rainfall throughout the year.
Answer: False
Bawean Island experiences a tropical monsoonal climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons, with minimal temperature fluctuations throughout the year.
The geological composition of Bawean Island is primarily sedimentary rock, with minimal igneous presence.
Answer: False
Bawean Island's geological composition is predominantly igneous rock, originating from volcanic activity, with some occurrences of sedimentary rocks such as limestone and sandstone.
Bawean Island is considered seismically stable, with no recorded history of tremors or landslides.
Answer: False
Bawean Island is situated in a seismically active region, with a history of tremors that can lead to landslides.
What is the geographical location of Bawean Island relative to Java?
Answer: North of Java, in the Java Sea
Bawean Island is situated approximately 150 kilometers north of Surabaya, off the coast of Java, within the Java Sea.
Which of the following features dominates the central landscape of Bawean Island?
Answer: An extinct volcano
The central landscape of Bawean Island is dominated by an extinct volcano that rises to an elevation of 655 meters.
What is the approximate diameter of Bawean Island?
Answer: 15 km (9.3 miles)
Bawean Island has an approximate diameter of 15 km (9.3 miles).
Lake Kastoba, a significant feature on Bawean Island, is classified as what type of lake?
Answer: Caldera lake
Lake Kastoba (Danau Kastoba) is the most significant caldera lake on Bawean Island.
What type of climate does Bawean Island experience?
Answer: Tropical monsoonal climate
Bawean Island is characterized by a tropical monsoonal climate, exhibiting slightly lower humidity levels compared to the regional average for Indonesia.
The surface of Bawean Island is predominantly composed of what type of rock?
Answer: Igneous rocks
Bawean Island, originating from volcanic activity, is predominantly composed of igneous rocks (approximately 85%).
Bawean Island is administratively divided into three districts: Sangkapura, Tambak, and Gresik.
Answer: False
Bawean Island is administratively demarcated into two districts: Sangkapura and Tambak. Gresik Regency is the larger administrative region that governs Bawean.
During the Dutch colonial era, the island was renamed "Batavia" but this name was quickly abandoned.
Answer: False
During the Dutch colonial administration, the island was renamed Lubok, not Batavia, and this name was not widely adopted by locals or Dutch administrators.
Bawean Island became a significant center for Islamic conversion in the 15th century following the arrival of Javanese sailors.
Answer: False
While permanent settlements date to the 15th century, mass conversion to Islam began after 1601 with the arrival of theologian Sheik Maulana Umar Mas'ud. Pre-colonial significance was more related to maritime trade.
The Dutch East India Company (DEIC) established control over Bawean in 1743 primarily for its economic resources like spices.
Answer: False
The Dutch East India Company (DEIC) established control in 1743, but its primary value was as a resting stop on sea routes, not for direct economic resources like spices.
Bawean Island served as a crucial strategic naval base for the Dutch East India Company due to its deep harbor.
Answer: False
Bawean Island primarily served as a resting stop for ships navigating the sea routes between Java and Borneo for the Dutch East India Company, rather than a strategic naval base.
After the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company, Bawean was administered by the British Crown.
Answer: False
Following the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company, Bawean came under the direct administration of the Netherlands Crown, not the British Crown.
The Second Battle of the Java Sea, a significant naval engagement, occurred near Bawean Island during World War II.
Answer: True
The Second Battle of the Java Sea, a notable naval engagement, took place in the vicinity of Bawean Island during World War II.
After Indonesia's independence, Bawean Island was immediately incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia in 1945.
Answer: False
Following Indonesia's proclamation of independence in 1945, Bawean initially remained under de facto Dutch control and was integrated into the Republic of Indonesia in March 1950.
Sangkapura District, which holds the majority of Bawean's population, is located on the northern coast of the island.
Answer: False
Sangkapura District, which contains the majority of Bawean's population, is situated on the southern coast of the island.
Bawean Island is divided into how many administrative districts, and what are their names?
Answer: Two districts: Sangkapura and Tambak.
Bawean Island is administratively demarcated into two districts: Sangkapura and Tambak. Gresik Regency is the larger administrative region that governs Bawean.
What name was given to Bawean Island during the Dutch colonial period, and how was it received?
Answer: Lubok
During the Dutch colonial administration, the island was designated Lubok, but this nomenclature failed to achieve widespread acceptance, with locals continuing to use the original name, Bawean.
The historical significance of Bawean Island in the early Middle Ages was primarily as:
Answer: A frequently used harbor for ships.
During the early Middle Ages, Bawean's harbor served as a frequent maritime stop for ships traversing the region.
When did the Dutch East India Company (DEIC) officially gain control over Bawean Island?
Answer: 1743
The Dutch East India Company (DEIC) officially incorporated Bawean Island under its control in the year 1743.
What was the main function of Bawean Island for the Dutch East India Company's ships?
Answer: A resting stop on sea routes between Java and Borneo.
Bawean Island possessed minimal direct economic utility for the Dutch East India Company; its primary strategic importance lay in its function as a resting and resupply point for vessels traversing the maritime routes between Java and Borneo.
Following the DEIC's dissolution, Bawean came under the administration of which entity?
Answer: The Netherlands Crown
Subsequent to the Dutch East India Company's bankruptcy in 1798, Bawean transitioned to direct administration by the Netherlands Crown.
Which major World War II naval battle took place in the vicinity of Bawean Island?
Answer: Second Battle of the Java Sea
The Second Battle of the Java Sea, a notable naval engagement, took place in the vicinity of Bawean Island during World War II.
Sangkapura District, which holds the majority of Bawean's population, is located on which coast of the island?
Answer: Southern coast
Sangkapura District, which contains the majority of Bawean's population, is situated on the southern coast of the island.
Bawean Island earns the nickname "the Island of Women" because women significantly outnumber men due to a high birth rate of females.
Answer: False
Bawean Island is colloquially known as "the Island of Women" (Pulau Putri), a designation stemming not from a higher female birth rate, but from the significant temporary migration of its male population for overseas employment.
The name "Bawean" is believed to originate from an Arabic phrase meaning "place of worship."
Answer: False
The etymology of the name "Bawean" is commonly attributed to a Kawi or Sanskrit origin, signifying "having the sunlight," rather than an Arabic phrase denoting "place of worship."
The primary reason for Bawean's nickname "Island of Women" is the high mortality rate among men due to dangerous occupations.
Answer: False
The nickname "Island of Women" stems from the significant temporary migration of its male population for overseas employment, not from a high mortality rate.
Migration of Bawean men for work began in the early 19th century, mainly to Dutch plantations in Sumatra.
Answer: False
Migration of Bawean men for work commenced in the late 19th century, primarily to British colonial possessions like Singapore, not Dutch plantations in Sumatra.
The Bawean dialect is considered a dialect of the Malay language.
Answer: False
The Bawean dialect is considered a dialect of the Madurese language, exhibiting unique lexical and phonetic characteristics.
Roti Boyan is a traditional Bawean dish primarily consisting of sweet pastries.
Answer: False
Roti Boyan is a traditional Bawean food item, characterized as a savory pie typically filled with vegetables such as potatoes.
Why is Bawean Island often called "Pulau Putri" or "the Island of Women"?
Answer: Because a significant portion of the male population temporarily migrates for work abroad.
Bawean is frequently referred to as the "Island of Women" due to the substantial proportion of its male population that temporarily migrates for employment to other regions, notably Malaysia and Singapore. Consequently, the resident population exhibits a predominant female demographic.
According to legend mentioned in the source, what is the believed meaning of the name Bawean?
Answer: Having the sunlight
The name Bawean is posited to originate from a Kawi or Sanskrit phrase signifying "having the sunlight."
From which century did Bawean men begin migrating for work, primarily to British colonial possessions?
Answer: Late 19th century
Commencing in the late 19th century, Bawean men initiated labor migration, predominantly towards British colonial territories in the Malay Peninsula.
The Bawean dialect is considered a dialect of which larger language group?
Answer: Madurese
The Bawean dialect is regarded as the most lexically and phonetically distinctive dialect within the Madurese language.
What is the predominant religion practiced on Bawean Island?
Answer: Sunni Islam
The principal religion practiced on Bawean Island is Sunni Islam, although vestiges of indigenous traditional beliefs also persist.
Traditional Bawean homes often feature roofs made of which material?
Answer: Palm leaves or reeds
Traditional Bawean residences characteristically feature roofing fashioned from palm leaves or reeds, although ceramic tiles are increasingly utilized.
How does Bawean clothing compare to other regional styles, according to the source?
Answer: It is more similar to Javanese attire than Madurese.
Bawean attire exhibits greater similarity to Javanese styles than to Madurese. Malayan cultural influences are more discernible in customs, ceremonies, and folk dances.
What is Roti Boyan, a traditional local food item mentioned in the source?
Answer: A savory pie typically stuffed with vegetables.
Roti Boyan is a traditional local savory pie, commonly filled with vegetables such as potatoes.
What factor significantly complicates accurate population counts on Bawean Island?
Answer: High rates of temporary and permanent migration.
Elevated rates of both temporary and permanent migration, especially among males seeking overseas employment, present considerable challenges to achieving accurate population counts on Bawean Island.
The main source of income for most Bawean residents is derived from agriculture and fishing.
Answer: False
The primary source of economic sustenance for the majority of Bawean residents is derived from remittances sent by relatives working abroad, rather than solely from agriculture and fishing.
Since the early 2000s, Bawean Island has been mined for onyx and coal.
Answer: True
Since the early 2000s, Bawean Island has been a site for the mining of mineral resources, notably onyx by Taiwanese companies and also coal.
What is the primary source of income that significantly impacts Bawean Island's economy?
Answer: Remittances from relatives working abroad.
The principal source of income for most Bawean residents is derived from financial remittances sent by relatives employed abroad, notably in Singapore and Malaysia.
Which of the following mineral resources has been mined on Bawean Island by Taiwanese companies since 2006?
Answer: Onyx
Since 2006, Bawean Island has been the site of onyx mining operations conducted by multiple Taiwanese enterprises.
The Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is an endemic species found exclusively on Bawean Island and is listed on the IUCN Red List.
Answer: True
The Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is endemic to Bawean Island and is recognized on the IUCN Red List due to its endangered status.
Historically, Bawean was covered by virgin rainforest, but deforestation has led to forests covering less than 10% of the island by the late 20th century.
Answer: True
Historically covered by primary rainforest, Bawean has experienced significant deforestation due to human activities, resulting in forests covering less than 10% of the island by the late 20th century.
The Bawean deer is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List due to its large, stable population.
Answer: False
The Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a population estimated at fewer than 250 individuals.
Conservation efforts for Bawean's natural reserves began only after Indonesia gained independence.
Answer: False
Conservation efforts for Bawean's natural reserves commenced during the Dutch colonial era with the declaration of forest reserves in 1932, and continued after Indonesian independence.
What is the unique endemic species that symbolizes Bawean Island and is listed on the IUCN Red List?
Answer: Bawean Deer (Axis kuhlii)
The Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is the unique endemic species symbolizing Bawean Island and is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.
What is the conservation status of the Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii)?
Answer: Critically Endangered
The Bawean deer is classified as critically endangered, with an estimated population of fewer than 250 individuals.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a conservation measure implemented on Bawean Island?
Answer: Creation of a large wildlife sanctuary in the 1950s.
Conservation initiatives began during the Dutch colonial period (1932) and continued post-independence (1979), but the creation of a large wildlife sanctuary in the 1950s is not mentioned as a specific measure.
Bawean Island possesses a modern hospital, but lacks sufficient educational facilities.
Answer: False
While Bawean Island has numerous schools, it notably lacks a hospital, relying on smaller clinics and pharmacies for healthcare services.
What is a notable deficiency in Bawean Island's healthcare system?
Answer: Absence of a hospital.
Bawean Island lacks a hospital, necessitating reliance on smaller clinics and pharmacies for medical care.
What is the official name of Bawean Airport, which began operations in January 2016?
Answer: Harun Thohir Airport
Bawean Airport, officially designated Harun Thohir Airport, commenced official operations in January 2016.