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Total Categories: 6
The Beaufort Sea is primarily located within the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer: False
The Beaufort Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, not the Atlantic Ocean.
The Mackenzie River, Canada's longest river, flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Answer: False
The Mackenzie River, Canada's longest river, empties into the Beaufort Sea, which is part of the Arctic Ocean.
The Beaufort Sea typically remains ice-free throughout the entire year.
Answer: False
The Beaufort Sea is typically covered by ice for most of the year, with only a narrow passage near its shores opening in late summer.
According to the IHO, the Beaufort Sea's northern limit is defined by a line connecting Point Barrow, Alaska, to Lands End on Prince Patrick Island.
Answer: True
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) delineates the northern boundary of the Beaufort Sea with a line extending from Point Barrow, Alaska, to Lands End on Prince Patrick Island.
The Kongakut River flows into the Beaufort Sea from Canada.
Answer: False
The Kongakut River flows into the Beaufort Sea from Alaska; the Firth River flows from Canada.
The coastal shelf of the Beaufort Sea is consistently wide, exceeding 200 kilometers in most areas.
Answer: False
The coastal shelf of the Beaufort Sea is generally narrow, not exceeding 145 kilometers (90 miles) in width in any area.
Water depths in the Beaufort Sea decrease significantly as one moves northward from the coast.
Answer: False
Water depths in the Beaufort Sea are shallow near the coast but increase rapidly towards the north, reaching depths of several kilometers.
Climate change has resulted in a decrease in the overall ice cover area of the Beaufort Sea year-round.
Answer: False
While the Beaufort Sea is frozen most of the year, climate change has led to a significant increase in the ice-free area observed during late summer, not a year-round decrease in ice cover.
'Rotten ice' refers to sea ice that has become thicker and more stable due to warming temperatures.
Answer: False
'Rotten ice' describes sea ice that has become thinner and structurally weaker, often due to warming temperatures and melt processes.
The Beaufort Sea water column is characterized by a single, uniform layer from surface to bottom.
Answer: False
The Beaufort Sea's water column exhibits stratification, comprising distinct layers influenced by surface conditions, Pacific/Bering Sea inflows, Atlantic water, and bottom water.
Salinity levels in the Beaufort Sea generally decrease as one moves from south to north.
Answer: False
Salinity levels in the Beaufort Sea typically increase from south to north, generally ranging between 28 and 32 parts per thousand.
Average January air temperatures in the Beaufort Sea region, using Tuktoyaktuk as a reference, are typically below freezing.
Answer: True
Using Tuktoyaktuk as a reference point, average January air temperatures in the Beaufort Sea region are approximately -27°C (-17°F), which is significantly below freezing.
The Beaufort Gyre is a counter-clockwise current system that pushes ice towards the Alaskan coast.
Answer: False
The Beaufort Gyre is a clockwise-circulating ocean current system that influences sea ice movement and accumulation within the Beaufort Sea.
The Mackenzie River deposits minimal sediment into the Beaufort Sea, contributing little to the seabed composition.
Answer: False
The Mackenzie River annually deposits approximately 15 million tons of sediment into the Beaufort Sea, significantly contributing to the seabed composition.
Which ocean does the Beaufort Sea belong to?
Answer: Arctic Ocean
The Beaufort Sea is a marginal sea belonging to the Arctic Ocean.
What is the significance of the Mackenzie River in relation to the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: It is the longest river in Canada and empties into the Beaufort Sea.
The Mackenzie River, recognized as Canada's longest river, plays a significant role by emptying into the Canadian portion of the Beaufort Sea.
According to the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), what defines the eastern boundary of the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: A line extending from Lands End along the west coast of Prince Patrick Island, then to Cape Prince Alfred on Banks Island, along its west coast to Cape Kellet, and finally to Cape Bathurst.
The IHO defines the eastern boundary of the Beaufort Sea by a complex line extending from Lands End on Prince Patrick Island, south along its west coast, then to Cape Prince Alfred on Banks Island, along its west coast to Cape Kellet, and finally to Cape Bathurst on the mainland.
Besides the Mackenzie River, which other rivers are mentioned as flowing into the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: The Kongakut River and the Firth River
In addition to the Mackenzie River, the Kongakut River (in Alaska) and the Firth River (in Yukon) are noted as flowing into the Beaufort Sea.
What is the maximum width of the Beaufort Sea's coastal shelf?
Answer: Approximately 145 kilometers
The coastal shelf of the Beaufort Sea reaches a maximum width of approximately 145 kilometers (90 miles).
What does the term 'rotten ice' refer to in the context of the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: Sea ice that is thinner and structurally weaker.
In the context of the Beaufort Sea, 'rotten ice' denotes sea ice that has diminished in thickness and structural integrity.
Which layer of the Beaufort Sea's water column is characterized by temperatures between 0°C and 1°C?
Answer: The warmer Atlantic layer
The Beaufort Sea's water column includes a layer influenced by Atlantic inflow, characterized by temperatures ranging between 0°C and 1°C.
What is the average salinity range found in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: 28-32 parts per thousand (‰)
The average salinity within the Beaufort Sea generally falls between 28 and 32 parts per thousand (‰).
The Beaufort Gyre influences the sea's conditions primarily through:
Answer: A clockwise circulation pattern affecting sea ice movement.
The Beaufort Gyre, a dominant clockwise circulation pattern, significantly influences the movement and accumulation of sea ice within the Beaufort Sea.
Approximately how much sediment does the Mackenzie River deposit into the Beaufort Sea annually?
Answer: 15 million tons
The Mackenzie River contributes approximately 15 million tons of sediment to the Beaufort Sea on an annual basis.
What is the Beaufort Gyre?
Answer: A large, clockwise-circulating ocean current system.
The Beaufort Gyre is defined as a large ocean current system characterized by its clockwise circulation pattern within the Beaufort Sea.
Which of the following is NOT a layer described in the Beaufort Sea's water stratification?
Answer: Deep Arctic layer
The described water stratification includes surface water, a Pacific/Bering Sea inflow layer, and a warmer Atlantic layer, but not a distinct 'Deep Arctic layer' as a primary stratification component.
What is the primary difference in the water currents near the shores of the Beaufort Sea due to the Beaufort Gyre?
Answer: South-westerly and westerly currents
The Beaufort Gyre's circulation pattern results in predominantly south-westerly and westerly currents along the shores of the Beaufort Sea.
Historically, the Beaufort Sea acted as a sink for Arctic sea ice, preventing its replenishment.
Answer: False
Historically, the Beaufort Sea served as a crucial reservoir for the replenishment and thickening of Arctic sea ice, where ice could circulate for years within the Beaufort Gyre.
The Beaufort Sea is known to be heavily impacted by overfishing.
Answer: False
Based on the provided information, there is no indication that the Beaufort Sea is currently heavily impacted by overfishing.
The Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam MPA is located near the Mackenzie River delta.
Answer: False
The Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam MPA is situated around the Parry Peninsula in the Amundsen Gulf, distinct from the Mackenzie River delta.
The primary purpose of the Marine Protected Areas in the Beaufort Sea is to facilitate commercial fishing access for the Inuvialuit community.
Answer: False
The primary purpose of the Marine Protected Areas in the Beaufort Sea is to conserve and protect marine ecosystems and specific species, benefiting the Inuvialuit community through habitat preservation rather than direct fishing access.
In August 2009, the U.S. implemented a moratorium on commercial fishing in the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska.
Answer: True
In August 2009, the U.S. enacted a moratorium on commercial fishing in the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska, encompassing the disputed waters, as a precautionary measure.
Tundra vegetation is characteristic of the shoreline areas along the Beaufort Sea.
Answer: True
The coastal regions bordering the Beaufort Sea are predominantly characterized by tundra vegetation.
The Mackenzie River delta serves as a vital habitat primarily for fish populations.
Answer: False
The Mackenzie River delta is a crucial habitat not only for fish but also for whales, seabirds, and muskrat populations.
Polar cod and Arctic char are among the key fish species found in the Beaufort Sea.
Answer: True
Polar cod and Arctic char are indeed among the significant fish species inhabiting the Beaufort Sea, alongside other species like saffron cod and various flatfish.
Beluga whales are abundant in the eastern Beaufort Sea, with populations estimated around 39,000 individuals.
Answer: True
The eastern Beaufort Sea is a critical habitat for beluga whales, supporting an estimated population of approximately 39,000 individuals.
Genetic studies indicate that Beaufort Sea beluga whales are genetically identical to those found in other Canadian and Alaskan waters.
Answer: False
Genetic analyses have demonstrated that the beluga whale populations in the Beaufort Sea are genetically distinct from those found in other regions of Canada and Alaska.
How has climate change affected the ice conditions in the Beaufort Sea, according to the source?
Answer: It has resulted in a notable increase in the ice-free area during late summer.
Climate change in the Arctic has led to a significant expansion of the ice-free region observed during the late summer months in the Beaufort Sea.
Historically, what role did the Beaufort Sea play in the Arctic sea ice system?
Answer: It served as a primary reservoir for the replenishment and thickening of Arctic sea ice.
Historically, the Beaufort Sea functioned as a crucial reservoir for the replenishment and thickening of Arctic sea ice, with ice circulating for extended periods within the Beaufort Gyre.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the status of fish stocks in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: As of the provided information, there is no indication of overfishing.
Based on the available information, there is no indication of overfishing impacting fish stocks within the Beaufort Sea.
The Tarium Niryutait MPA is located in which area of the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: At the Mackenzie River delta and estuary
The Tarium Niryutait MPA is situated at the Mackenzie River delta and estuary, an area vital for marine life.
What is the main purpose of the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: To protect marine ecosystems and specific species for the benefit of the Inuvialuit community.
The primary objective of the Marine Protected Areas in the Beaufort Sea is to conserve and protect marine ecosystems and specific species, thereby benefiting the Inuvialuit community through habitat preservation.
What was the primary environmental concern cited for the U.S. moratorium on commercial fishing in the Beaufort Sea in 2009?
Answer: Preventing damage to the fragile ecosystem due to anticipated increased fishing interest.
The U.S. moratorium on commercial fishing in the Beaufort Sea in 2009 was primarily motivated by concerns to prevent potential damage to the region's fragile ecosystem, anticipating increased fishing activity due to receding ice.
What type of vegetation is typically found along the Beaufort Sea's shoreline?
Answer: Tundra vegetation
The coastal regions bordering the Beaufort Sea are predominantly characterized by tundra vegetation.
Which marine mammals are noted as being particularly abundant in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: Beluga whales and seals (bearded, ringed)
The Beaufort Sea supports abundant populations of beluga whales, as well as key seal species such as the bearded seal and ringed seal.
What is the primary food source for polar bears in the Beaufort Sea, according to the provided information?
Answer: Seals, though they will consume other marine mammals
Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea primarily prey on seals; however, they are opportunistic feeders and will consume other marine mammals when available.
What environmental impact resulted from offshore drilling activities in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: The dredging of seabed soil and discharge of drilling muds containing chemicals.
Offshore drilling activities in the Beaufort Sea resulted in the dredging of seabed soil and the discharge of drilling muds containing various minerals and chemicals.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major fish species found in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: Atlantic salmon
While species like Arctic cod, saffron cod, and chum salmon are found in the Beaufort Sea, Atlantic salmon is not listed among the major fish species present.
The ecological significance of the Mackenzie River delta includes being an important habitat for:
Answer: Whales, seabirds, and muskrat populations
The Mackenzie River delta is ecologically significant as a vital habitat for various species, including whales, seabirds, and muskrat populations.
Significant reserves of petroleum and natural gas are known to exist beneath the Beaufort Sea's shelf.
Answer: True
The continental shelf beneath the Beaufort Sea is recognized for containing substantial reserves of petroleum and natural gas, exemplified by deposits such as the Amauligak field.
Canada's National Energy Board estimates the disputed area contains minimal hydrocarbon reserves, making the dispute largely symbolic.
Answer: False
Canada's National Energy Board estimates the disputed area contains significant hydrocarbon reserves, including billions of cubic meters of natural gas and over a billion cubic meters of oil.
Which natural resources are known to be abundant beneath the Beaufort Sea shelf?
Answer: Petroleum and natural gas
The continental shelf beneath the Beaufort Sea is recognized for containing substantial reserves of petroleum and natural gas.
What are the estimated hydrocarbon reserves in the disputed Beaufort Sea area, according to Canada's National Energy Board?
Answer: 1.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas and over 1 billion cubic meters of oil.
Canada's National Energy Board estimates that the disputed region of the Beaufort Sea may contain approximately 1.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas and in excess of 1 billion cubic meters of oil.
Sir Francis Beaufort, after whom the Beaufort Sea is named, was primarily known for his work as a botanist.
Answer: False
Sir Francis Beaufort, the namesake of the Beaufort Sea, was renowned for his work as a hydrographer, not a botanist.
Traditional occupations like fishing and hunting in the Beaufort Sea region currently hold significant commercial value.
Answer: False
While traditional occupations such as fishing and hunting persist among local inhabitants, these activities currently hold minimal commercial significance.
Archaeological findings suggest continuous human settlement on the Beaufort Sea coast for at least 30,000 years.
Answer: False
While ancient human presence is evident, claims of continuous settlement on the Beaufort Sea coast dating back 30,000 years have been challenged; more robust evidence points to settlement beginning much later.
Muskrat trapping was a primary source of income for local populations in the Mackenzie River delta from the 1920s to the 1960s.
Answer: True
During the period from the 1920s to the 1960s, muskrat trapping constituted the principal source of income for the Athabaskan First Nations and Inuit peoples residing in the Mackenzie River delta.
Bowhead whale hunting occurred in the Beaufort Sea between 1888 and 1914, and this practice has not resumed since.
Answer: False
Bowhead whale hunting took place in the Beaufort Sea from 1888 to 1914. Following a cessation due to population decline and regulations, this practice was resumed in the 1990s.
The main human settlements on the Beaufort Sea coast are Tuktoyaktuk in Canada and Prudhoe Bay in Alaska.
Answer: True
The primary human settlements situated along the Beaufort Sea coastline are Tuktoyaktuk in Canada and Prudhoe Bay in Alaska.
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, is primarily known for its large permanent population engaged in diverse industries.
Answer: False
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, while having a small permanent population, is predominantly known for hosting thousands of contract workers associated with the extensive Prudhoe Bay Oil Field.
Sir Francis Beaufort, the namesake of the Beaufort Sea, was primarily known for his expertise in which field?
Answer: Hydrography
Sir Francis Beaufort, after whom the Beaufort Sea is named, was primarily recognized for his significant work and expertise in hydrography.
What is the current commercial significance of traditional fishing and hunting activities practiced by local inhabitants of the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: They hold no commercial significance.
While traditional fishing and hunting activities are still practiced by local inhabitants, they currently hold minimal commercial significance.
What historical claims about human settlement in the Beaufort Sea region have been challenged?
Answer: Claims suggesting human presence as early as 30,000 years ago.
Historical assertions of human settlement on the Beaufort Sea coast dating back as far as 30,000 years have been largely refuted by modern archaeological dating methods.
Which ancient culture's arrival is evidenced in the Beaufort Sea region approximately 4,000 years ago?
Answer: The Dorset culture (Paleo-Eskimos)
Archaeological evidence indicates the arrival of Paleo-Eskimo groups, specifically the Dorset culture, in the Beaufort Sea region approximately 4,000 years ago.
What was the main source of income for the Athabaskan First Nations and Inuit peoples in the Mackenzie River delta from the 1920s to the 1960s?
Answer: Muskrat trapping
From the 1920s through the 1960s, muskrat trapping represented the primary source of income for the Athabaskan First Nations and Inuit communities within the Mackenzie River delta.
The Beaufort Sea is referenced in which popular culture work?
Answer: The Canadian folk song 'Northwest Passage' by Stan Rogers
The Beaufort Sea is notably referenced in the lyrics of the renowned Canadian folk song 'Northwest Passage,' composed by Stan Rogers.
What historical hunting activity, which ceased due to population decline and regulations, resumed in the Beaufort Sea in the 1990s?
Answer: Bowhead whale hunting
Bowhead whale hunting, which had ceased between 1888 and 1914 due to population decline and regulatory measures, was resumed in the Beaufort Sea during the 1990s.
Canada and the United States have a fully resolved maritime boundary agreement for the entire Beaufort Sea.
Answer: False
The maritime boundary in the Beaufort Sea remains a subject of dispute between Canada and the United States, with no complete agreement in place.
The 'natural prolongation' principle suggests maritime boundaries should be equidistant from neighboring coastlines.
Answer: False
The principle of 'natural prolongation' posits that maritime boundaries should follow the natural geological extension of a nation's landmass into the sea, differing from the equidistance principle.
The 'equidistance principle' is used to extend maritime boundaries based on the geological continuation of landmasses.
Answer: False
The 'equidistance principle' dictates that maritime boundaries should be drawn as a median line equidistant from the coastlines of the involved states, contrasting with the geological basis of natural prolongation.
The disputed maritime area in the Beaufort Sea is approximately 21,000 square kilometers and is of interest due to potential oil and gas reserves.
Answer: True
The disputed wedge-shaped maritime zone in the Beaufort Sea covers approximately 21,000 square kilometers and is of significant interest due to the potential for substantial hydrocarbon reserves.
Canada's claim in the Beaufort Sea border dispute is primarily based on the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Answer: False
Canada's claim in the Beaufort Sea border dispute is primarily based on the 1825 Treaty of Saint Petersburg, not the 1958 Geneva Convention.
The concave coastline of Alaska and the convex coastline of Yukon are cited as reasons why the equidistance principle would be inequitable in the dispute.
Answer: False
Canada argues that the differing coastline shapes—Yukon's being concave and Alaska's convex—would result in an inequitable boundary if the equidistance principle were applied.
The Beaufort Sea dispute is considered analogous to the dispute over the Gulf of Maine, with similar legal arguments applied.
Answer: True
The Beaufort Sea dispute is often compared to the Gulf of Maine dispute, as similar legal arguments concerning principles like equidistance and natural prolongation were considered in both cases.
Canada and the U.S. have ceased all environmental cooperation in the Beaufort Sea due to their maritime boundary dispute.
Answer: False
Despite the ongoing maritime boundary dispute, Canada and the United States have maintained cooperation on measures aimed at preserving the maritime environment within the Beaufort Sea.
Canada viewed the U.S. moratorium's application to disputed waters as a minor territorial disagreement.
Answer: False
Canada strongly protested the U.S. moratorium's application to disputed waters, characterizing it as a significant territorial encroachment.
The maritime boundary dispute between Canada and the United States in the Beaufort Sea concerns which type of area?
Answer: A wedge-shaped area rich in potential hydrocarbon reserves.
The maritime boundary dispute in the Beaufort Sea centers on a wedge-shaped area estimated to be rich in potential hydrocarbon reserves.
Canada's claim in the Beaufort Sea border dispute is based on which principle?
Answer: The principle of natural prolongation
Canada's assertion in the Beaufort Sea border dispute is principally founded upon the legal principle of natural prolongation, advocating for boundary extension based on geological continuity.
The United States asserts which principle for determining the maritime boundary in the disputed Beaufort Sea area?
Answer: The equidistance principle
The United States asserts the equidistance principle as the basis for determining the maritime boundary in the disputed Beaufort Sea area, advocating for a median line equidistant from the respective coastlines.
Why does Canada argue that applying the equidistance principle would be inequitable in the Beaufort Sea dispute?
Answer: Because the differing coastline shapes (Yukon's concave, Alaska's convex) would result in a disproportionately large US maritime extension.
Canada contends that the application of the equidistance principle would yield an inequitable outcome due to the differing geographical configurations of the coastlines—Yukon's concave shape versus Alaska's convex shape—which would disproportionately extend U.S. maritime jurisdiction.
The Beaufort Sea dispute is compared to the dispute over which other maritime area?
Answer: The Gulf of Maine
The maritime boundary dispute in the Beaufort Sea is frequently likened to the dispute concerning the Gulf of Maine, given the application of similar legal arguments and principles.
Despite the boundary dispute, how have Canada and the U.S. interacted regarding the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: They have cooperated on measures to preserve the maritime environment.
Notwithstanding their unresolved boundary claims, Canada and the United States have engaged in cooperative efforts focused on the preservation of the maritime environment within the Beaufort Sea.
How did Canada react to the U.S. moratorium, particularly concerning the disputed waters?
Answer: Canada protested strongly, viewing it as a significant territorial encroachment.
Canada lodged a strong protest against the U.S. moratorium, interpreting its application to disputed waters as a substantial territorial encroachment.
The exploration for hydrocarbon resources in the Beaufort Sea began in the late 1980s.
Answer: False
Exploration for sub-shelf hydrocarbon resources in the Beaufort Sea commenced in the 1950s and intensified significantly between the 1950s and 1980s.
Permafrost in the Beaufort Sea region requires buildings to be constructed directly on the ground to ensure stability.
Answer: False
Due to the presence of permafrost, buildings and infrastructure in the Beaufort Sea region must be constructed on elevated platforms or piles to prevent thawing and ensure stability.
Artificial islands like Endicott and Northstar in the Beaufort Sea are natural formations used for scientific research.
Answer: False
Artificial islands such as Endicott and Northstar are man-made structures, not natural formations, constructed to serve as platforms for oil and gas drilling operations.
Crude oil from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field is transported to market via the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Answer: False
Crude oil from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field is transported via the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System to Valdez, Alaska, for distribution, not the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The first shipment of oil from Arctic deposits in the Beaufort Sea occurred in September 1985, destined for Japan.
Answer: True
In September 1985, the tanker *Gulf Beaufort* transported the inaugural shipment of oil from Arctic deposits in the Beaufort Sea to Japan, originating from the Amauligak Project.
When did the exploration for sub-shelf hydrocarbon resources in the Beaufort Sea begin to intensify?
Answer: Between the 1950s and 1980s
The exploration for sub-shelf hydrocarbon resources in the Beaufort Sea commenced in the 1950s and intensified significantly between the 1950s and 1980s.
How is permafrost, found beneath the surface in the Beaufort Sea region, managed for construction?
Answer: Structures are typically built on elevated platforms or piles to prevent thawing.
Construction in the Beaufort Sea region necessitates managing permafrost by erecting structures on elevated platforms or piles to prevent ground thawing and maintain stability.
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, is significant primarily because it:
Answer: Hosts thousands of contract workers for the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field.
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, is primarily significant as the operational base for thousands of contract workers involved in the extensive Prudhoe Bay Oil Field.
What is the purpose of artificial islands like Endicott and Northstar in the Beaufort Sea?
Answer: To provide platforms for oil and gas drilling operations.
Artificial islands such as Endicott and Northstar in the Beaufort Sea are constructed to serve as platforms facilitating oil and gas drilling operations.
How is crude oil from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field transported to a major distribution port?
Answer: Via the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System to Valdez.
Crude oil extracted from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field is transported south through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System to the port of Valdez for subsequent distribution.
The discovery of the Taglu Gas Field, located in the Mackenzie River delta, occurred in which year?
Answer: 1971
The Taglu Gas Field, situated within the Mackenzie River delta, was discovered in 1971.
What is the approximate estimated volume of natural gas reserves in the Taglu Gas Field?
Answer: 58,600 cubic kilometers
The Taglu Gas Field is estimated to contain approximately 58,600 cubic kilometers of natural gas reserves.
In July 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management approved exploratory drilling by which company?
Answer: Eni
In July 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management granted approval for the company Eni to conduct exploratory drilling in the Beaufort Sea.