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Benjamin Disraeli: A Political and Literary Biography

At a Glance

Title: Benjamin Disraeli: A Political and Literary Biography

Total Categories: 6

Category Stats

  • Early Life and Background: 12 flashcards, 11 questions
  • Entry into Parliament and Conservative Party Evolution: 11 flashcards, 13 questions
  • Prime Ministerships and Governance: 10 flashcards, 15 questions
  • Foreign Policy and Imperialism: 9 flashcards, 10 questions
  • Literary Works and Political Philosophy: 7 flashcards, 4 questions
  • Legacy and Public Image: 11 flashcards, 6 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 60
  • True/False Questions: 30
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 29
  • Total Questions: 59

Instructions

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Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

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Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

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  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
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  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

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Study Guide: Benjamin Disraeli: A Political and Literary Biography

Study Guide: Benjamin Disraeli: A Political and Literary Biography

Early Life and Background

Benjamin Disraeli was born into the Church of England and later converted to Judaism.

Answer: False

Benjamin Disraeli was born into a Jewish family and was subsequently baptized into the Church of England at the age of twelve, rather than the reverse.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.
  • What unique aspect of Disraeli's background made him stand out among British Prime Ministers?: Benjamin Disraeli is the only British prime minister to have been born Jewish. His father, Isaac D'Israeli, left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.
  • Where was Benjamin Disraeli born, and what was his father's profession?: Benjamin Disraeli was born in Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England. His father was Isaac D'Israeli, a literary critic and historian.

Benjamin Disraeli's father, Isaac, was a politician who served in Parliament.

Answer: False

Benjamin Disraeli's father, Isaac D'Israeli, was a distinguished literary critic and historian, not a Member of Parliament.

Related Concepts:

  • Where was Benjamin Disraeli born, and what was his father's profession?: Benjamin Disraeli was born in Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England. His father was Isaac D'Israeli, a literary critic and historian.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.

Disraeli's family had Ashkenazi Jewish roots, but no Sephardic connection.

Answer: False

Disraeli's family possessed both Sephardic Jewish mercantile origins and some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.
  • Where was Benjamin Disraeli born, and what was his father's profession?: Benjamin Disraeli was born in Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England. His father was Isaac D'Israeli, a literary critic and historian.
  • What unique aspect of Disraeli's background made him stand out among British Prime Ministers?: Benjamin Disraeli is the only British prime minister to have been born Jewish. His father, Isaac D'Israeli, left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.

Disraeli's baptism into the Church of England was necessary for him to pursue a political career due to religious oaths.

Answer: True

At the time, parliamentary candidates were required to take a Christian oath, making Disraeli's baptism into the Church of England a prerequisite for his political ambitions.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of Disraeli's baptism in relation to his political ambitions?: His baptism into the Church of England enabled Disraeli to pursue a career in politics, as MPs were required to take a Christian oath until the Jews Relief Act of 1858.
  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.
  • Why did Disraeli's father have his children baptized into the Church of England?: Isaac D'Israeli's friend, Sharon Turner, convinced him that remaining formally unattached to religion would be disadvantageous to the children. Consequently, Benjamin and his siblings were baptized into the Church of England in 1817.

Disraeli experienced severe financial difficulties and a nervous crisis after the South American mining stock bubble burst in 1825.

Answer: True

The collapse of the South American mining stock bubble in 1825 led to significant financial losses for Disraeli, contributing to a severe nervous crisis that affected him for several years.

Related Concepts:

  • What financial setback did Disraeli experience in the 1820s, and how did it affect him?: Disraeli suffered significant financial losses due to the bursting of the South American mining stock bubble in 1825, which left him with substantial debts. This financial failure, coupled with personal criticism of his early novel 'Vivian Grey,' contributed to a serious nervous crisis affecting him for several years.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

Disraeli's tour of southern Europe in 1830-1831 fostered his interest in Eastern philosophies and moral relativism.

Answer: True

His extensive travels in southern Europe during 1830-1831 significantly influenced Disraeli, cultivating his interest in Eastern perspectives and fostering a sense of moral relativism.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli's tour of southern Europe in 1830-1831 influence his perspective?: The tour enriched Disraeli's experiences, making him aware of values he felt were denied to his countrymen. It fostered his self-consciousness, moral relativism, and interest in Eastern attitudes, significantly conditioning his later views, particularly on the Eastern Question.

In the early 1830s, Disraeli exclusively supported Radical policies and rejected all Tory principles.

Answer: False

In the early 1830s, Disraeli's political views were complex, incorporating some Radical elements while also exhibiting Tory leanings, rather than exclusively adhering to one ideology.

Related Concepts:

  • What was Disraeli's political alignment in the early 1830s, and how did it evolve?: In the early 1830s, Disraeli's political views were complex, embracing some Radical policies like electoral reform while also showing Tory leanings such as protectionism. He unsuccessfully contested elections as a Radical before eventually aligning himself with the Tory party.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

What unique aspect of Disraeli's background made him stand out among British Prime Ministers?

Answer: He was the only British Prime Minister to have been born Jewish.

Disraeli holds the distinction of being the only British Prime Minister born Jewish, a significant aspect of his background that shaped his identity and political journey.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.
  • What role did Disraeli's Jewishness play in the antisemitism he faced?: Disraeli's Jewish heritage was frequently targeted by antisemitic remarks and political cartoons, particularly during his rise in politics. Historians note that this antisemitism played a role in shaping his unique sense of Jewish identity and his political strategies.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.

What was Benjamin Disraeli's father, Isaac D'Israeli, known for?

Answer: Being a literary critic and historian.

Isaac D'Israeli, the father of Benjamin Disraeli, was recognized for his contributions as a literary critic and historian.

Related Concepts:

  • Where was Benjamin Disraeli born, and what was his father's profession?: Benjamin Disraeli was born in Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England. His father was Isaac D'Israeli, a literary critic and historian.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.

Why was Disraeli's baptism into the Church of England at age 12 significant?

Answer: It enabled him to pursue a political career, as required by the oath at the time.

Disraeli's baptism into the Church of England at age twelve was a critical step, as it fulfilled the religious oath requirements then in place for individuals seeking to enter parliamentary service.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of Disraeli's baptism in relation to his political ambitions?: His baptism into the Church of England enabled Disraeli to pursue a career in politics, as MPs were required to take a Christian oath until the Jews Relief Act of 1858.
  • What was the background of Disraeli's family, and how did his religious identity evolve?: Disraeli's family was of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background, with some Ashkenazi Jewish ancestors. His father, Isaac, renounced Judaism after a dispute, and Benjamin was baptized into the Church of England at age 12.
  • What was Disraeli's view on the role of the Church of England, as reflected in his novels and political actions?: Disraeli was a strong promoter of the Church of England and often wrote about religion in his novels. He was concerned about the rise of elaborate rituals within the church and supported the Public Worship Regulation Act of 1874 to address this.

What was Disraeli's initial career aspiration after leaving school?

Answer: To become a barrister.

Following his formal education, Disraeli initially aspired to a career at the bar, enrolling as a student at Lincoln's Inn before shifting his focus.

Related Concepts:

  • What was Disraeli's early career path after leaving school?: After leaving school, Disraeli was articled as a solicitor's clerk in the City of London. He later enrolled as a student at Lincoln's Inn with the aim of becoming a barrister, but ultimately pursued a literary career.
  • What was Disraeli's literary output during his career?: Disraeli wrote novels throughout his career, starting in 1826. His last completed novel, 'Endymion,' was published shortly before his death at the age of 76.
  • What is considered the primary literary achievement of Benjamin Disraeli?: Disraeli's novels are considered his main literary achievement, though they have consistently divided critical opinion between their political and artistic merits.

Entry into Parliament and Conservative Party Evolution

Disraeli first entered the House of Commons in 1846 after a significant political event.

Answer: False

Disraeli's successful entry into the House of Commons occurred in 1837, predating the significant political event of the Corn Laws repeal in 1846.

Related Concepts:

  • When did Benjamin Disraeli first enter the House of Commons?: After several unsuccessful attempts, Benjamin Disraeli successfully entered the House of Commons in 1837.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

Disraeli played a key role in opposing Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws.

Answer: True

Disraeli was a vocal opponent of Prime Minister Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws, a stance that significantly shaped his early political career and the Conservative Party's trajectory.

Related Concepts:

  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.
  • How did Disraeli's stance on the Corn Laws impact the Conservative Party and his own career?: Disraeli's opposition to the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846, in contrast to Prime Minister Robert Peel, led to a significant split in the Conservative Party. While Peel's supporters left, Disraeli became a key leader of the remaining protectionist faction, positioning him for future leadership roles.
  • What was the state of the Conservative Party's leadership after the Corn Laws repeal?: Following the split over the Corn Laws, almost every experienced Tory politician followed Peel, leaving the remaining party rump bereft of leadership. Disraeli, despite being relatively junior, emerged as one of the few figures capable of providing oratorical leadership.

After leaving school, Disraeli immediately began his political career by running for Parliament.

Answer: False

Following his schooling, Disraeli initially pursued legal studies and then a literary career before embarking on his parliamentary endeavors.

Related Concepts:

  • What was Disraeli's early career path after leaving school?: After leaving school, Disraeli was articled as a solicitor's clerk in the City of London. He later enrolled as a student at Lincoln's Inn with the aim of becoming a barrister, but ultimately pursued a literary career.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.
  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.

Daniel O'Connell publicly praised Disraeli, leading to their political alliance.

Answer: False

Daniel O'Connell publicly attacked Disraeli, using derogatory language related to his Jewish heritage, which led to a notable public dispute rather than an alliance.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the nature of Disraeli's public dispute with Daniel O'Connell, and what was its impact?: Daniel O'Connell attacked Disraeli, referring to him with derogatory terms related to his Jewish origin. Disraeli responded fiercely, leading to public exchanges that propelled him to national notice for the first time.
  • How did Disraeli's political opponents, like Daniel O'Connell, use his Jewishness against him?: Disraeli's Jewish heritage was frequently targeted by antisemitic remarks and political cartoons, particularly during his rise in politics. Historians note that this antisemitism played a role in shaping his unique sense of Jewish identity and his political strategies.
  • What was the significance of Disraeli's maiden speech in Parliament in December 1837?: Disraeli made his maiden speech by sharply criticizing Daniel O'Connell, whom he had previously clashed with. However, he was initially shouted down by O'Connell's supporters, marking an unpromising start to his parliamentary career.

Disraeli's maiden speech in Parliament was met with widespread acclaim and support.

Answer: False

Disraeli's maiden speech, delivered in criticism of Daniel O'Connell, was initially met with considerable opposition and was shouted down by O'Connell's supporters.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of Disraeli's maiden speech in Parliament in December 1837?: Disraeli made his maiden speech by sharply criticizing Daniel O'Connell, whom he had previously clashed with. However, he was initially shouted down by O'Connell's supporters, marking an unpromising start to his parliamentary career.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.

Disraeli's leadership of the protectionist faction after the Corn Laws repeal was crucial for his rise within the Conservative Party.

Answer: True

Following the repeal of the Corn Laws, Disraeli emerged as a prominent leader of the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party, a role that significantly advanced his influence and prospects within the party.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli's stance on the Corn Laws impact the Conservative Party and his own career?: Disraeli's opposition to the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846, in contrast to Prime Minister Robert Peel, led to a significant split in the Conservative Party. While Peel's supporters left, Disraeli became a key leader of the remaining protectionist faction, positioning him for future leadership roles.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.
  • What was the state of the Conservative Party's leadership after the Corn Laws repeal?: Following the split over the Corn Laws, almost every experienced Tory politician followed Peel, leaving the remaining party rump bereft of leadership. Disraeli, despite being relatively junior, emerged as one of the few figures capable of providing oratorical leadership.

In 1847, Disraeli supported measures allowing Jewish MPs to take their seats in Parliament, despite opposition from his party.

Answer: True

Disraeli advocated for the amendment of parliamentary oaths to permit Jewish individuals to serve as Members of Parliament, a position that encountered considerable resistance from within his own party at the time.

Related Concepts:

  • What political crisis in 1847 highlighted Disraeli's differences with his own party regarding Jewish representation?: In 1847, Lionel de Rothschild was elected as an MP but could not take his seat due to the requirement to take a Christian oath. Disraeli spoke in favor of amending the oath to allow Jewish MPs, a stance that was poorly received by most of his own party, who voted against the measure.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.
  • What was the significance of Disraeli's baptism in relation to his political ambitions?: His baptism into the Church of England enabled Disraeli to pursue a career in politics, as MPs were required to take a Christian oath until the Jews Relief Act of 1858.

Owning Hughenden Manor was considered unimportant for a Conservative aspiring to leadership.

Answer: False

Possessing a country estate like Hughenden Manor was considered essential for a Conservative politician aiming for leadership, as it signified status and connection to the landed gentry.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli secure Hughenden Manor, and why was it important for his political ambitions?: Disraeli worked with the Bentinck family to secure financing for Hughenden Manor. Owning a country house and representing a county constituency were considered essential for a Conservative aspiring to leadership.

Which political party did Benjamin Disraeli primarily represent and help shape into its modern form?

Answer: The Conservative Party

Benjamin Disraeli was a leading figure in the Conservative Party, significantly influencing its ideology and organizational structure throughout his career.

Related Concepts:

  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.
  • What was Disraeli's political alignment in the early 1830s, and how did it evolve?: In the early 1830s, Disraeli's political views were complex, embracing some Radical policies like electoral reform while also showing Tory leanings such as protectionism. He unsuccessfully contested elections as a Radical before eventually aligning himself with the Tory party.

Benjamin Disraeli successfully entered the House of Commons in which year?

Answer: 1837

After several unsuccessful attempts, Benjamin Disraeli achieved his first parliamentary success, entering the House of Commons in 1837.

Related Concepts:

  • When did Benjamin Disraeli first enter the House of Commons?: After several unsuccessful attempts, Benjamin Disraeli successfully entered the House of Commons in 1837.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.

What major policy change by Prime Minister Robert Peel in 1846 caused a significant split in the Conservative Party?

Answer: The repeal of the Corn Laws, ending tariffs on imported grain.

Prime Minister Robert Peel's decision to repeal the Corn Laws, thereby removing tariffs on imported grain, precipitated a profound division within the Conservative Party.

Related Concepts:

  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

What was the 'Young England' group, associated with Disraeli in the 1840s?

Answer: An idealistic Conservative faction promoting aristocracy-working class alliance.

The 'Young England' group, associated with Disraeli in the 1840s, was an idealistic faction within the Conservative Party that advocated for a paternalistic alliance between the aristocracy and the working class.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Young England' group, and what were its aims?: The 'Young England' group was formed by Disraeli and other idealistic Conservative MPs in the 1840s. They advocated for a paternalistic alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class to protect the poor from exploitation by middle-class businessmen.

The public dispute between Disraeli and Daniel O'Connell primarily stemmed from:

Answer: O'Connell's derogatory remarks about Disraeli's Jewish origin.

The public altercation between Disraeli and Daniel O'Connell originated from O'Connell's use of antisemitic language directed at Disraeli.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the nature of Disraeli's public dispute with Daniel O'Connell, and what was its impact?: Daniel O'Connell attacked Disraeli, referring to him with derogatory terms related to his Jewish origin. Disraeli responded fiercely, leading to public exchanges that propelled him to national notice for the first time.
  • How did Disraeli's political opponents, like Daniel O'Connell, use his Jewishness against him?: Disraeli's Jewish heritage was frequently targeted by antisemitic remarks and political cartoons, particularly during his rise in politics. Historians note that this antisemitism played a role in shaping his unique sense of Jewish identity and his political strategies.
  • What was the significance of Disraeli's maiden speech in Parliament in December 1837?: Disraeli made his maiden speech by sharply criticizing Daniel O'Connell, whom he had previously clashed with. However, he was initially shouted down by O'Connell's supporters, marking an unpromising start to his parliamentary career.

Prime Ministerships and Governance

Benjamin Disraeli, a prominent Conservative politician, held the office of Prime Minister twice during his career.

Answer: True

Benjamin Disraeli served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on two separate occasions, solidifying his significant role in Victorian politics.

Related Concepts:

  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.

During Lord Derby's governments, Disraeli primarily served as Foreign Secretary.

Answer: False

During Lord Derby's administrations, Disraeli held the crucial positions of Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons, not Foreign Secretary.

Related Concepts:

  • In which roles did Disraeli serve under Lord Derby's governments in the 1850s and 1860s?: When Lord Derby formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s, Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • What was the nature of the Derby government in 1852, and how did Disraeli serve within it?: The Derby government in 1852 was a minority administration. Disraeli served as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer, delivering a budget that aimed to benefit the working classes but was ultimately defeated in Parliament.

Disraeli's first term as Prime Minister was brief, ending after he lost the general election in 1868.

Answer: True

Following Lord Derby's retirement, Disraeli briefly assumed the premiership in 1868, but his tenure concluded after the Conservative Party's defeat in that year's general election.

Related Concepts:

  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.
  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.
  • What financial setback did Disraeli experience in the 1820s, and how did it affect him?: Disraeli suffered significant financial losses due to the bursting of the South American mining stock bubble in 1825, which left him with substantial debts. This financial failure, coupled with personal criticism of his early novel 'Vivian Grey,' contributed to a serious nervous crisis affecting him for several years.

Disraeli's government was defeated in the 1880 election partly due to farmer dissatisfaction over the refusal to reinstate Corn Laws.

Answer: True

Farmer dissatisfaction, stemming from factors including the refusal to reinstate protectionist Corn Laws amidst agricultural depression, was indeed a contributing element to the Conservative Party's defeat in the 1880 general election.

Related Concepts:

  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.
  • How did Disraeli's stance on the Corn Laws impact the Conservative Party and his own career?: Disraeli's opposition to the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846, in contrast to Prime Minister Robert Peel, led to a significant split in the Conservative Party. While Peel's supporters left, Disraeli became a key leader of the remaining protectionist faction, positioning him for future leadership roles.
  • What factors contributed to the decline of Disraeli's government and the Conservative Party's loss in the 1880 general election?: Controversial wars in Afghanistan and South Africa, farmer dissatisfaction over the refusal to reinstate Corn Laws amidst poor harvests and cheap imports, and Gladstone's effective speaking campaign contributed to the Conservative defeat in the 1880 election.

Disraeli's budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1852 was designed to benefit the aristocracy.

Answer: False

The budget presented by Disraeli as Chancellor in 1852 was intended to appeal to the working classes, rather than solely benefiting the aristocracy.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the nature of the Derby government in 1852, and how did Disraeli serve within it?: The Derby government in 1852 was a minority administration. Disraeli served as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer, delivering a budget that aimed to benefit the working classes but was ultimately defeated in Parliament.
  • In which roles did Disraeli serve under Lord Derby's governments in the 1850s and 1860s?: When Lord Derby formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s, Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons.

Disraeli fully supported Gladstone's Civil Service reforms, eliminating all political patronage.

Answer: False

While Gladstone introduced reforms to professionalize the Civil Service, Disraeli's administration often circumvented these reforms, continuing to reward political supporters through patronage.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli handle the Civil Service reforms introduced by Gladstone in 1870?: Gladstone introduced competitive examinations for the Civil Service, diminishing political patronage. Disraeli, while not reversing the order, often frustrated its intent by making political appointments to positions that might have gone to career civil servants, rewarding his party's supporters.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.

Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister saw limited social reforms, focusing mainly on foreign policy.

Answer: False

Disraeli's second premiership (1874-1880) was characterized by significant domestic social reforms, including legislation on housing, public health, and workers' rights, alongside his foreign policy initiatives.

Related Concepts:

  • What domestic reforms were enacted during Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister (1874-1880)?: Disraeli's government enacted significant social reforms, including the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act for housing, the Public Health Act for sanitation, the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, the Elementary Education Act, and acts to improve workers' rights and conditions, such as the Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act and the Employers and Workmen Act.
  • What military conflicts occurred during Disraeli's second premiership that impacted public opinion?: The Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Anglo-Zulu War occurred during Disraeli's second term. While the Afghan war had mixed results, the initial British defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana in the Zulu War caused significant public shock.
  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.

Under Lord Derby's governments, what key financial and parliamentary roles did Disraeli hold?

Answer: Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons.

During Lord Derby's administrations, Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and concurrently as Leader of the House of Commons, demonstrating his significant parliamentary influence.

Related Concepts:

  • In which roles did Disraeli serve under Lord Derby's governments in the 1850s and 1860s?: When Lord Derby formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s, Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons.
  • What was the nature of the Derby government in 1852, and how did Disraeli serve within it?: The Derby government in 1852 was a minority administration. Disraeli served as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer, delivering a budget that aimed to benefit the working classes but was ultimately defeated in Parliament.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.

What event immediately preceded Disraeli's first, brief tenure as Prime Minister in 1868?

Answer: The retirement of Lord Derby.

Disraeli's initial assumption of the Prime Ministership in 1868 followed the retirement of Lord Derby, marking a significant moment in his political ascent.

Related Concepts:

  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.
  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

How did Disraeli secure his second term as Prime Minister in 1874?

Answer: He led the Conservative Party to a majority victory in the general election.

Disraeli's return to the premiership in 1874 was secured through a decisive majority victory for the Conservative Party in the general election.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.
  • How did Disraeli become a Member of Parliament for Maidstone in 1837?: Following the death of William IV and the succession of Queen Victoria, Parliament was dissolved. On the recommendation of the Carlton Club, Disraeli was adopted as a Tory parliamentary candidate for Maidstone and won a seat in the July 1837 general election.

Which of the following was NOT cited as a reason for the Conservative Party's defeat in the 1880 general election?

Answer: Disraeli's successful negotiation of peace in the Balkans.

While controversial wars and economic factors contributed to the Conservative defeat in 1880, Disraeli's diplomatic successes, such as the peace negotiated at the Congress of Berlin, were not cited as reasons for the loss.

Related Concepts:

  • What factors contributed to the decline of Disraeli's government and the Conservative Party's loss in the 1880 general election?: Controversial wars in Afghanistan and South Africa, farmer dissatisfaction over the refusal to reinstate Corn Laws amidst poor harvests and cheap imports, and Gladstone's effective speaking campaign contributed to the Conservative defeat in the 1880 election.
  • What factors contributed to the Conservative Party's defeat in the 1880 general election?: The Conservative defeat was attributed to several factors, including poor harvests due to wet weather, low grain prices exacerbated by cheap imports, and the general economic slump. Disraeli's refusal to reinstate protectionist Corn Laws also alienated some agricultural voters.

Which of the following was a key domestic reform enacted during Disraeli's second premiership (1874-1880)?

Answer: The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act.

The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act, aimed at improving urban housing conditions, was a significant domestic reform enacted during Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister.

Related Concepts:

  • What domestic reforms were enacted during Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister (1874-1880)?: Disraeli's government enacted significant social reforms, including the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act for housing, the Public Health Act for sanitation, the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, the Elementary Education Act, and acts to improve workers' rights and conditions, such as the Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act and the Employers and Workmen Act.
  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

What was the impact of the Reform Act of 1867, which Disraeli helped steer through Parliament?

Answer: It expanded the franchise, enfranchising many working-class men.

The Reform Act of 1867, guided through Parliament by Disraeli, significantly expanded the electorate by enfranchising a substantial number of working-class men.

Related Concepts:

  • What domestic reforms were enacted during Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister (1874-1880)?: Disraeli's government enacted significant social reforms, including the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act for housing, the Public Health Act for sanitation, the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, the Elementary Education Act, and acts to improve workers' rights and conditions, such as the Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act and the Employers and Workmen Act.
  • What was the 'Tory Democrat' concept associated with Disraeli?: The 'Tory Democrat' concept, often linked to Disraeli, suggested that the British working class would instinctively support the Conservative Party if given the vote. This idea underpinned his approach to the Reform Act of 1867.
  • What was the impact of the Reform Act of 1867, which Disraeli steered through Parliament?: The Reform Act of 1867 significantly expanded the franchise, granting the vote to approximately 938,427 more men, primarily householders and lodgers. It also reformed constituency boundaries by eliminating rotten boroughs and granting representation to new towns.

Disraeli's famous quote, 'I have climbed to the top of the greasy pole,' referred to:

Answer: His first becoming Prime Minister in 1868.

The aphorism 'I have climbed to the top of the greasy pole,' attributed to Disraeli, denoted his ascent to the Prime Ministership for the first time in 1868, reflecting the arduous nature of his political journey.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the significance of Disraeli's famous quote, 'I have climbed to the top of the greasy pole'?: Disraeli uttered this phrase upon becoming Prime Minister for the first time in 1868, reflecting on his challenging journey from humble origins to the highest political office.

What was the main purpose of the Public Worship Regulation Act of 1874, supported by Disraeli?

Answer: To address the rise of elaborate rituals within the Church of England.

The Public Worship Regulation Act of 1874, supported by Disraeli, was enacted primarily to address and regulate the increasing prevalence of elaborate ritualistic practices within the Church of England.

Related Concepts:

  • What was Disraeli's view on the role of the Church of England, as reflected in his novels and political actions?: Disraeli was a strong promoter of the Church of England and often wrote about religion in his novels. He was concerned about the rise of elaborate rituals within the church and supported the Public Worship Regulation Act of 1874 to address this.
  • What was the significance of Disraeli's baptism in relation to his political ambitions?: His baptism into the Church of England enabled Disraeli to pursue a career in politics, as MPs were required to take a Christian oath until the Jews Relief Act of 1858.

Foreign Policy and Imperialism

The 'Eastern Question' primarily concerned the industrialization of the Ottoman Empire.

Answer: False

The 'Eastern Question' primarily concerned the geopolitical implications of the Ottoman Empire's decline and the ensuing competition among European powers, not its industrialization.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Eastern question' that dominated Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister?: The 'Eastern question' referred to the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire and the ambitions of other European powers, particularly Russia, to gain territory at its expense. Disraeli's government focused on managing this complex geopolitical situation.

Disraeli's government strategically purchased shares in the Suez Canal Company to enhance British influence.

Answer: True

In a significant strategic move, Disraeli's government acquired a substantial stake in the Suez Canal Company, thereby bolstering British influence and control over this vital international waterway.

Related Concepts:

  • What strategic acquisition did Disraeli's government make in Egypt in relation to the Eastern Question?: Disraeli arranged for the British government to purchase a significant stake in the Suez Canal Company, a move that enhanced Britain's strategic position and control over the vital waterway.
  • What was Disraeli's approach to the Suez Canal in 1875, and why was it significant?: Disraeli's government purchased a controlling interest in the Suez Canal Company from the Khedive of Egypt. This strategic move was celebrated as a bold assertion of British power and secured a vital route for British trade and military movements to India.
  • What significant historical event is Benjamin Disraeli most closely associated with regarding the British Empire?: Disraeli made the Conservative Party strongly identified with the British Empire and the use of military action to expand it, a stance that proved popular with British voters.

At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Disraeli aimed to strengthen Russian influence in the Balkans.

Answer: False

Disraeli's primary objective at the Congress of Berlin was to counter and limit Russian influence in the Balkans, securing terms favorable to British interests.

Related Concepts:

  • What diplomatic achievement did Disraeli accomplish at the Congress of Berlin in 1878?: In response to Russian victories against the Ottomans, Disraeli worked at the Congress of Berlin to secure peace in the Balkans on terms favorable to Britain and detrimental to Russia, establishing himself as a leading European statesman.
  • How did Disraeli's government address the Eastern Question in the late 1870s, particularly concerning Bulgaria?: Following the Russo-Turkish War, Disraeli's government, through Lord Salisbury, worked at the Congress of Berlin to revise the Treaty of San Stefano. They aimed to prevent the creation of a large, Russian-influenced Bulgaria and secure British interests in the region, notably by acquiring Cyprus.
  • What was the 'Eastern question' that dominated Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister?: The 'Eastern question' referred to the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire and the ambitions of other European powers, particularly Russia, to gain territory at its expense. Disraeli's government focused on managing this complex geopolitical situation.

The Royal Titles Act, championed by Disraeli's government, granted Queen Victoria the title 'Empress of India.'

Answer: True

The Royal Titles Act of 1876, a legislative initiative of Disraeli's government, formally conferred upon Queen Victoria the title 'Empress of India'.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the purpose of the Royal Titles Act introduced by Disraeli's government?: The Royal Titles Act, introduced at Queen Victoria's request, formally bestowed the title 'Empress of India' upon her. This reflected Britain's expanding imperial domain and Victoria's desire for a higher imperial rank.
  • What domestic reforms were enacted during Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister (1874-1880)?: Disraeli's government enacted significant social reforms, including the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act for housing, the Public Health Act for sanitation, the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, the Elementary Education Act, and acts to improve workers' rights and conditions, such as the Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act and the Employers and Workmen Act.
  • What title was bestowed upon Disraeli by Queen Victoria in 1876, and what was his relationship with her?: Queen Victoria, with whom Disraeli maintained a close friendship, elevated him to the peerage as Earl of Beaconsfield in 1876.

Disraeli's government took a significant strategic action in Egypt related to which vital international waterway?

Answer: The Suez Canal

Disraeli's government executed a pivotal strategic maneuver by purchasing shares in the Suez Canal Company, thereby securing British interests in this critical global waterway.

Related Concepts:

  • What strategic acquisition did Disraeli's government make in Egypt in relation to the Eastern Question?: Disraeli arranged for the British government to purchase a significant stake in the Suez Canal Company, a move that enhanced Britain's strategic position and control over the vital waterway.
  • What was Disraeli's approach to the Suez Canal in 1875, and why was it significant?: Disraeli's government purchased a controlling interest in the Suez Canal Company from the Khedive of Egypt. This strategic move was celebrated as a bold assertion of British power and secured a vital route for British trade and military movements to India.

What was the primary goal of Disraeli's foreign policy at the Congress of Berlin in 1878?

Answer: To broker peace in the Balkans on terms favorable to Britain and unfavorable to Russia.

At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Disraeli's principal objective was to negotiate a peace settlement in the Balkans that advanced British interests and curtailed Russian expansion.

Related Concepts:

  • What diplomatic achievement did Disraeli accomplish at the Congress of Berlin in 1878?: In response to Russian victories against the Ottomans, Disraeli worked at the Congress of Berlin to secure peace in the Balkans on terms favorable to Britain and detrimental to Russia, establishing himself as a leading European statesman.
  • How did Disraeli's government address the Eastern Question in the late 1870s, particularly concerning Bulgaria?: Following the Russo-Turkish War, Disraeli's government, through Lord Salisbury, worked at the Congress of Berlin to revise the Treaty of San Stefano. They aimed to prevent the creation of a large, Russian-influenced Bulgaria and secure British interests in the region, notably by acquiring Cyprus.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.

How did Disraeli's government use the Royal Titles Act of 1876?

Answer: To bestow the title 'Empress of India' upon Queen Victoria.

The Royal Titles Act of 1876, enacted under Disraeli's government, served the purpose of bestowing the title 'Empress of India' upon Queen Victoria.

Related Concepts:

  • What domestic reforms were enacted during Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister (1874-1880)?: Disraeli's government enacted significant social reforms, including the Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act for housing, the Public Health Act for sanitation, the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, the Elementary Education Act, and acts to improve workers' rights and conditions, such as the Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act and the Employers and Workmen Act.

Which military conflicts occurred during Disraeli's second premiership and affected public opinion?

Answer: The Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Anglo-Zulu War.

The Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Anglo-Zulu War were significant military conflicts during Disraeli's second premiership, eliciting considerable public attention and debate.

Related Concepts:

  • What military conflicts occurred during Disraeli's second premiership that impacted public opinion?: The Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Anglo-Zulu War occurred during Disraeli's second term. While the Afghan war had mixed results, the initial British defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana in the Zulu War caused significant public shock.
  • How did Disraeli return to power as Prime Minister in 1874?: Disraeli returned to the Opposition benches after the 1868 election and subsequently led the Conservative Party to a majority in the 1874 general election, securing his second term as Prime Minister.
  • What political event led to a significant split within the Conservative Party in 1846, and what was Disraeli's role?: In 1846, Prime Minister Robert Peel split the Conservative Party by proposing the repeal of the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons over this issue, becoming a prominent figure in the party's opposition to repeal.

What was Disraeli's stance on the British Empire during his political career?

Answer: He strongly promoted it, making it a central tenet of Conservative policy.

Disraeli was a fervent proponent of the British Empire, actively integrating its promotion into the core tenets of Conservative Party policy.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.
  • What was Disraeli's stance on imperialism, and how did it shape the Conservative Party?: Disraeli enthusiastically promoted the British Empire, making it a central tenet of Conservative policy. He shifted imperialism from being primarily a Liberal concern to a core Conservative value, which proved to be a significant electoral asset in attracting working-class support.
  • What significant historical event is Benjamin Disraeli most closely associated with regarding the British Empire?: Disraeli made the Conservative Party strongly identified with the British Empire and the use of military action to expand it, a stance that proved popular with British voters.

What was the primary characteristic of the 'Eastern Question' that Disraeli's government engaged with?

Answer: The decline of the Ottoman Empire and competition among European powers.

The 'Eastern Question' was fundamentally characterized by the declining power of the Ottoman Empire and the intense competition among European nations vying for influence and territory.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Eastern question' that dominated Disraeli's second term as Prime Minister?: The 'Eastern question' referred to the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire and the ambitions of other European powers, particularly Russia, to gain territory at its expense. Disraeli's government focused on managing this complex geopolitical situation.
  • What was the nature of the political rivalry between Disraeli and Gladstone?: The rivalry between Disraeli and Gladstone was a defining feature of Victorian politics. While initially cordial, their differences over key policies like parliamentary reform and the Eastern Question intensified, leading to a significant partisan confrontation.

Literary Works and Political Philosophy

Disraeli's 1835 publication, 'The Vindication of the English Constitution,' advocated for radical democratic reforms.

Answer: False

Disraeli's 'The Vindication of the English Constitution' articulated a philosophy favoring benevolent aristocratic governance and the modernization of Tory principles, rather than radical democratic reforms.

Related Concepts:

  • What key political publication did Disraeli write in 1835, and what philosophy did it encapsulate?: In 1835, Disraeli wrote 'The Vindication of the English Constitution,' published as an open letter to Lord Lyndhurst. This work encapsulated his political philosophy, valuing benevolent aristocratic government, disliking dogma, and advocating for the modernization of Tory policies.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.
  • What was Disraeli's political alignment in the early 1830s, and how did it evolve?: In the early 1830s, Disraeli's political views were complex, embracing some Radical policies like electoral reform while also showing Tory leanings such as protectionism. He unsuccessfully contested elections as a Radical before eventually aligning himself with the Tory party.

Disraeli's novel 'Endymion' holds significance because it was:

Answer: Published shortly before his death.

Disraeli's final completed novel, 'Endymion,' holds particular significance as it was published in November 1880, shortly before his passing in April 1881.

Related Concepts:

  • What was Disraeli's literary output during his career?: Disraeli wrote novels throughout his career, starting in 1826. His last completed novel, 'Endymion,' was published shortly before his death at the age of 76.
  • What was Disraeli's final literary work, and when was it published?: Disraeli's final completed novel was 'Endymion,' which he resumed writing after leaving office in 1880 and was published in November 1880.
  • What is considered the primary literary achievement of Benjamin Disraeli?: Disraeli's novels are considered his main literary achievement, though they have consistently divided critical opinion between their political and artistic merits.

Disraeli's political novels, such as 'Coningsby' and 'Sybil', primarily explored themes related to:

Answer: The critique of parliamentary reform and social divisions.

Disraeli's political novels, including 'Coningsby' and 'Sybil,' were instrumental in exploring themes related to the critique of parliamentary reform and the significant social divisions within Victorian society.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the key themes in Disraeli's political novels of the 1840s?: In the 1840s, Disraeli wrote a trilogy of political novels: 'Coningsby' (criticizing the 1832 Reform Bill and Conservative inaction), 'Sybil' (addressing Peel's betrayal over the Corn Laws and the gap between rich and poor), and 'Tancred' (promoting the Church of England's role in national spirituality).
  • How did Disraeli's novels contribute to his political image and career?: Disraeli's novels often served as thinly veiled accounts of political events and personal experiences, allowing him to articulate his political philosophies and critique contemporaries. They also contributed to his public image as a literary figure engaged in politics.
  • What is considered the primary literary achievement of Benjamin Disraeli?: Disraeli's novels are considered his main literary achievement, though they have consistently divided critical opinion between their political and artistic merits.

How did Disraeli's literary output contribute to his career?

Answer: They served as platforms to articulate his political philosophies and critique contemporaries.

Disraeli's literary works functioned as crucial platforms for articulating his political philosophies and offering critiques of his contemporaries and the political landscape.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli's novels contribute to his political image and career?: Disraeli's novels often served as thinly veiled accounts of political events and personal experiences, allowing him to articulate his political philosophies and critique contemporaries. They also contributed to his public image as a literary figure engaged in politics.
  • What is considered the primary literary achievement of Benjamin Disraeli?: Disraeli's novels are considered his main literary achievement, though they have consistently divided critical opinion between their political and artistic merits.
  • What was Disraeli's early career path after leaving school?: After leaving school, Disraeli was articled as a solicitor's clerk in the City of London. He later enrolled as a student at Lincoln's Inn with the aim of becoming a barrister, but ultimately pursued a literary career.

Legacy and Public Image

Queen Victoria bestowed the title of Duke of Cornwall upon Disraeli in 1876.

Answer: False

In 1876, Queen Victoria elevated Disraeli to the peerage as the Earl of Beaconsfield, not Duke of Cornwall.

Related Concepts:

  • What title was bestowed upon Disraeli by Queen Victoria in 1876, and what was his relationship with her?: Queen Victoria, with whom Disraeli maintained a close friendship, elevated him to the peerage as Earl of Beaconsfield in 1876.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • How did Disraeli's relationship with Queen Victoria evolve over time?: Initially curious about Disraeli, Victoria grew to dislike him after his opposition to Peel. However, her dislike softened over time as Disraeli cultivated her favor, building a strong relationship that was likely closer than with most of her prime ministers.

Disraeli married Mary Anne Lewis, a younger woman who helped him manage his debts.

Answer: False

Disraeli married Mary Anne Lewis, who was twelve years his senior, and her substantial income proved instrumental in managing his financial obligations.

Related Concepts:

  • What were Disraeli's personal and financial circumstances when he married Mary Anne Lewis in 1839?: Disraeli married Mary Anne Lewis, the wealthy widow of his former parliamentary colleague Wyndham Lewis. She was twelve years his senior and had a substantial income, which helped Disraeli manage his debts, though their relationship developed into genuine affection.
  • What financial setback did Disraeli experience in the 1820s, and how did it affect him?: Disraeli suffered significant financial losses due to the bursting of the South American mining stock bubble in 1825, which left him with substantial debts. This financial failure, coupled with personal criticism of his early novel 'Vivian Grey,' contributed to a serious nervous crisis affecting him for several years.
  • When did Disraeli first become Prime Minister, and what led to his departure from that office?: Disraeli first became prime minister in February 1868 upon Lord Derby's retirement. He briefly held the office before losing that year's general election.

The 'Midlothian campaign' was led by Benjamin Disraeli to criticize Gladstone's policies.

Answer: False

The 'Midlothian campaign' was a series of influential speeches delivered by William Ewart Gladstone, critically assessing Disraeli's government and policies.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Midlothian campaign,' and how did it relate to the 1880 general election?: The Midlothian campaign was a series of speeches delivered by William Ewart Gladstone across Britain in the late 1870s. This campaign, which attacked Disraeli's policies, is considered a significant factor in the Liberal victory in the 1880 general election.

In 1876, Queen Victoria honored Disraeli with which title, reflecting their close relationship?

Answer: Earl of Beaconsfield

Queen Victoria bestowed upon Disraeli the title of Earl of Beaconsfield in 1876, a recognition that underscored their cultivated and enduring relationship.

Related Concepts:

  • What title was bestowed upon Disraeli by Queen Victoria in 1876, and what was his relationship with her?: Queen Victoria, with whom Disraeli maintained a close friendship, elevated him to the peerage as Earl of Beaconsfield in 1876.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.

What was the 'Tory democracy' concept closely associated with Disraeli?

Answer: A belief that the working class would naturally support the Conservatives if given the vote.

'Tory democracy,' a concept closely linked to Disraeli, posited that the working classes, upon receiving suffrage, would instinctively align with the Conservative Party.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the 'Tory Democrat' concept associated with Disraeli?: The 'Tory Democrat' concept, often linked to Disraeli, suggested that the British working class would instinctively support the Conservative Party if given the vote. This idea underpinned his approach to the Reform Act of 1867.
  • What were Benjamin Disraeli's primary political roles and affiliations?: Benjamin Disraeli was a prominent British statesman and Conservative politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was instrumental in shaping the modern Conservative Party, defining its broad outreach and policies, and is associated with 'one-nation conservatism' or 'Tory democracy'.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.

How did Disraeli's relationship with Queen Victoria evolve?

Answer: Her initial curiosity turned into a strong, cultivated friendship.

Disraeli's relationship with Queen Victoria evolved from initial curiosity, through a period of royal displeasure, to a strong and cultivated friendship, marking a unique bond between monarch and minister.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Disraeli's relationship with Queen Victoria evolve over time?: Initially curious about Disraeli, Victoria grew to dislike him after his opposition to Peel. However, her dislike softened over time as Disraeli cultivated her favor, building a strong relationship that was likely closer than with most of her prime ministers.
  • What title was bestowed upon Disraeli by Queen Victoria in 1876, and what was his relationship with her?: Queen Victoria, with whom Disraeli maintained a close friendship, elevated him to the peerage as Earl of Beaconsfield in 1876.
  • How did Disraeli's political ideas fare over time, according to historical assessments?: Historical assessments suggest that while Disraeli's political ideas, particularly regarding imperialism and foreign policy, have been debated for their superficiality or pragmatism, his personal qualities like courage and wit earned him respect. He is often seen as the founder of the modern Conservative party.

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