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The Białystok Voivodeship was an administrative unit of interwar Poland, existing from 1919 to 1939.
Answer: True
The Białystok Voivodeship was indeed an administrative unit of interwar Poland, established on August 14, 1919, and existing until 1939.
In 1921, the Białystok Voivodeship had an area of 26,036 km², making it the second largest voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic.
Answer: False
In 1921, the Białystok Voivodeship had an area of 32,450 km². Its area was 26,036 km² by 1939, at which point it was the second largest voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic.
The Białystok Voivodeship was established on August 14, 1919, on territory previously part of the German-occupied Bialystok-Grodno District.
Answer: True
The Białystok Voivodeship was indeed established on August 14, 1919, on the territory of the former German-occupied Bialystok-Grodno District.
On February 4, 1921, the Białystok Voivodeship was reduced in size by three counties: Grodno, Wołkowysk, and Białowieża.
Answer: False
On February 4, 1921, the Białystok Voivodeship was actually *expanded* to include the counties of Grodno, Wołkowysk, and Białowieża, not reduced.
Following the 1939 invasion, the Białystok Voivodeship was first annexed to the Soviet Union and then occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1941.
Answer: True
After the 1939 invasion, the Białystok Voivodeship was indeed first annexed by the Soviet Union and later occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1941, becoming the Bialystok District.
Between 1919 and 1938, the Białystok Voivodeship consisted of exactly 10 counties.
Answer: False
Between 1919 and 1938, the Białystok Voivodeship comprised 13 counties. It was reorganized to consist of ten counties only after April 1, 1938.
The Białystok Voivodeship, an administrative unit of interwar Poland, existed between which years?
Answer: 1919 and 1939
The Białystok Voivodeship was an administrative unit of interwar Poland, existing from its establishment in 1919 until the invasion of Poland in 1939.
What was the geographical area of the Białystok Voivodeship in 1921?
Answer: 32,450 km² (12,530 sq mi)
In 1921, the geographical area of the Białystok Voivodeship was 32,450 km² (12,530 sq mi).
The Białystok Voivodeship was established on August 14, 1919, on the territory of what former German-occupied district?
Answer: Bialystok-Grodno District
The Białystok Voivodeship was established on the territory of the former German-occupied Bialystok-Grodno District.
Which three additional counties were included in the Białystok Voivodeship on February 4, 1921?
Answer: Grodno, Wołkowysk, and Białowieża
On February 4, 1921, the Białystok Voivodeship was expanded to include the counties of Grodno, Wołkowysk, and Białowieża.
Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, the Białystok Voivodeship was initially annexed by which power?
Answer: The Soviet Union
Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, the Białystok Voivodeship was initially annexed to the Soviet Union.
How many counties did the Białystok Voivodeship comprise between 1919 and 1938, including Białowieża County which existed for a shorter period?
Answer: 13
Between 1919 and 1938, the Białystok Voivodeship comprised 13 counties, including Białowieża County, which existed for a shorter duration within that period.
How many counties did the Białystok Voivodeship consist of after April 1, 1938, following its reorganization?
Answer: Ten
Following its reorganization after April 1, 1938, the Białystok Voivodeship consisted of ten counties.
The Branicki Palace served as the administrative seat of the Białystok Voivodeship Office.
Answer: True
The Branicki Palace was indeed established as the administrative seat of the Białystok Voivodeship Office.
Stefan Bądzyński, the first Voivode, easily found qualified officials and suitable accommodation for them when establishing the Voivodeship Office.
Answer: False
Stefan Bądzyński, the first Voivode, faced significant challenges in establishing the Voivodeship Office, including a lack of qualified officials and difficulties in finding suitable accommodation.
The Voivodeship Office in Białystok began its official operations immediately after the Voivodeship's establishment in August 1919.
Answer: False
The Voivodeship Office in Białystok officially began its work on February 16, 1920, which was six months after the Voivodeship's establishment in August 1919.
Subsequent governors shifted their focus from providing food assistance to addressing the poor economic situation and accompanying unemployment.
Answer: True
Initially, the governor's primary task was food assistance, but subsequent governors indeed shifted their focus to addressing the poor economic situation and unemployment.
Successive voivodes possessed broad powers to oversee and discipline local governments, including the ability to dismiss mayors and dissolve city councils.
Answer: True
Voivodes held significant authority, including the power to dismiss local officials and dissolve councils if local governments were deemed to be operating improperly.
The May Coup of 1926 immediately led to the dismissal of Voivode Marian Rembowski due to his opposition to the coup.
Answer: False
Voivode Marian Rembowski, who opposed the May Coup of 1926, was not immediately dismissed but remained in his position until November 1927.
Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski streamlined administration, enhanced supervision of officials, and prioritized urban infrastructure development in Białystok.
Answer: True
During his tenure, Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski indeed focused on streamlining administration, improving official supervision, and developing urban infrastructure, particularly sewers and streets in Białystok.
Henryk Ostaszewski, the last pre-war voivode, advocated for a liberal policy towards Belarusian cultural and political activities in the 1920s.
Answer: False
Henryk Ostaszewski, the last pre-war voivode, criticized the liberal policy towards Belarusian cultural and political activities of the 1920s, instead advocating for strengthening Polishness.
Stefan Bądzyński, the first Voivode, was also the last pre-war Voivode of Białystok.
Answer: False
Stefan Bądzyński was the first Voivode (1919-1920), but Henryk Ostaszewski served as the last pre-war Voivode (1937-1939).
The Branicki Palace, which served as the administrative seat of the Białystok Voivodeship Office, was previously occupied by what institution until 1920?
Answer: The district court
Before becoming the administrative seat of the Białystok Voivodeship Office, the Branicki Palace was occupied by the district court until 1920.
What was a significant challenge faced by Stefan Bądzyński, the first Voivode, when establishing the Voivodeship Office?
Answer: Lack of qualified officials and suitable accommodation
Stefan Bądzyński faced significant challenges, notably a lack of qualified officials and suitable accommodation, when establishing the Voivodeship Office.
How many months after the establishment of the Białystok Voivodeship did its office officially begin work?
Answer: Six months
The Voivodeship Office in Białystok officially began its operations on February 16, 1920, which was six months after the Voivodeship's establishment in August 1919.
What was the primary task of the governor even before the Voivodeship Office officially opened?
Answer: Assisting local government authorities in providing food for those in need
Even before the official opening of the Voivodeship Office, the governor's primary responsibility was to assist local government authorities in providing food for the needy.
Which of the following powers did voivodes NOT possess regarding local governments?
Answer: Approving all local budget expenditures
While voivodes possessed broad powers to oversee local governments, including dismissing officials and dissolving councils, the provided information does not indicate they had the power to approve all local budget expenditures.
When was Marian Rembowski, who was appointed Voivode in August 1924 and opposed the May Coup of 1926, dismissed from his position?
Answer: In November 1927
Voivode Marian Rembowski, despite his opposition to the May Coup of 1926, was not dismissed immediately but remained in office until November 1927.
Which of the following was NOT an achievement of Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski during his tenure as Voivode of Białystok?
Answer: Establishing the first university in Białystok
While Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski had many achievements, including administrative streamlining and infrastructure development, the establishment of a university in Białystok is not listed among them.
What policy did Henryk Ostaszewski, the last pre-war voivode, advocate for in his administrative area?
Answer: Strengthening Polishness
Henryk Ostaszewski, the last pre-war voivode, advocated for policies aimed at strengthening Polishness within his administrative area.
Who served as Voivode of Białystok from 1930 to 1934?
Answer: Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski
Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski served as the Voivode of Białystok during the period from 1930 to 1934.
The early 1930s in the Białystok Voivodeship were marked by political stability and economic prosperity, allowing voivodes to focus on long-term development.
Answer: False
The early 1930s in the Białystok Voivodeship were marked by political struggle and a severe economic crisis, not stability and prosperity.
The Białystok Voivodeship was characterized by a high illiteracy rate of 23.1% and scarce railroad networks during the interwar period.
Answer: True
The Białystok Voivodeship was indeed characterized by a high illiteracy rate of 23.1% and a scarce railroad network during the interwar period, reflecting its underdeveloped status.
The early years of Poland's independence saw the Białystok Voivodeship experience rapid economic growth and full employment, despite some minor social issues.
Answer: False
In its early years, the Białystok Voivodeship faced deep economic and social problems, including epidemics, widespread infectious diseases, significant unemployment, and wage cuts, rather than rapid economic growth and full employment.
The District Reconstruction Council was established to raise funds and encourage active societal participation in the reconstruction of the voivodeship after the war.
Answer: True
The District Reconstruction Council was indeed established with the objective of raising funds and fostering societal participation for the post-war reconstruction of the voivodeship.
Besides the political struggle between the Sanation camp and the opposition, what other major challenge did voivodes face in the early 1930s?
Answer: A severe economic crisis
In addition to political struggles, voivodes in the early 1930s contended with a severe economic crisis, which they attempted to mitigate.
What was the illiteracy rate in the Białystok Voivodeship during the interwar period?
Answer: 23.1%
During the interwar period, the Białystok Voivodeship had a notable illiteracy rate of 23.1%, indicative of its underdeveloped status.
Which of the following was NOT a severe economic or social problem in the Białystok Voivodeship in the early years of Poland's independence?
Answer: A surplus of qualified officials
In the early years of Poland's independence, the Białystok Voivodeship faced a *lack* of qualified officials, not a surplus, alongside other severe economic and social problems like epidemics, diseases, and unemployment.
The Communist Party of Western Belorussia aimed to integrate the Kresy region more closely with Poland and supported the Voivode's security services.
Answer: False
The Communist Party of Western Belorussia aimed to separate the Kresy region from Poland through an armed coup and was actively opposed by the Voivode's security services.
Political parties in the Białystok Voivodeship emerged primarily from local grassroots movements without significant influence from Warsaw.
Answer: False
Political parties in the Białystok Voivodeship often drew their inspiration and direction from party headquarters located in Warsaw, rather than solely from local grassroots movements.
Voter turnout in the Białystok Voivodeship consistently exceeded 70% between 1919 and 1930, driven by enthusiasm for independence.
Answer: True
Voter turnout in the Białystok Voivodeship was indeed consistently high, exceeding 70% between 1919 and 1930, largely fueled by enthusiasm for Poland's newly regained independence.
The 1919 elections to the Legislative Sejm in the Białystok Voivodeship resulted in a close contest with no single party securing a majority.
Answer: False
The 1919 elections to the Legislative Sejm in the Białystok Voivodeship resulted in a decisive victory for the National People's Union, which secured a significant majority of 22 out of 24 seats.
The new electoral law of 1935 led to boycotts of elections by opposition parties and an increase in electoral abuses.
Answer: True
The electoral law of 1935, which limited candidate selection and favored Sanation authorities, indeed led to boycotts by opposition parties and an increase in electoral abuses.
During the late 1930s, the National Party maintained strong influence in the eastern part of the Białystok province.
Answer: False
During the late 1930s, the National Party maintained strong influence in the *western* part of the Białystok province, not the eastern part.
What was the primary goal of the Communist Party of Western Belorussia operating in the Białystok Voivodeship?
Answer: To instigate an armed coup and separate the Kresy region from Poland
The Communist Party of Western Belorussia aimed to instigate an armed coup to separate the Kresy region from Poland, a goal actively opposed by the Voivode's security services.
From where did inspirations for the formation of political parties in the Białystok Voivodeship often come?
Answer: Party headquarters in Warsaw
The formation of political parties in the Białystok Voivodeship was often influenced by directives and inspirations originating from party headquarters in Warsaw.
What was a characteristic of the electoral law in the Białystok Voivodeship from 1919 to 1930?
Answer: Universal suffrage and a low threshold for candidate lists
Between 1919 and 1930, the electoral law in the Białystok Voivodeship was characterized by universal suffrage and a low threshold for candidate lists, making it very democratic.
Which political party secured a decisive victory in the 1919 elections to the Legislative Sejm in the Białystok Voivodeship?
Answer: National People's Union
The National People's Union secured a decisive victory in the 1919 elections to the Legislative Sejm in the Białystok Voivodeship, winning 22 out of 24 seats.
How many mandates did the Bloc of National Minorities win in the Białystok Voivodeship after the 1922 elections?
Answer: Four
After the 1922 elections, the Bloc of National Minorities secured four parliamentary mandates in the Białystok Voivodeship.
What was a direct consequence of the new electoral law of 1935 in the Białystok Voivodeship?
Answer: Boycotts of elections by opposition parties
A direct consequence of the new electoral law of 1935 was the boycotting of elections by opposition parties, due to the law's restrictive nature on candidate selection.
Which of the following opposition parties maintained strong influence in the northern Suwałki Region during the late 1930s?
Answer: The People's Party
During the late 1930s, the People's Party maintained strong influence specifically in the northern Suwałki Region of the Białystok Voivodeship.
The population of Białystok city was 107,000 in 1931, making it the voivodeship's sole industrial center.
Answer: False
According to the 1931 census, the population of Białystok city was 91,100, not 107,000. The population reached 107,000 by 1939. However, it was indeed the voivodeship's sole industrial center.
The Białystok Voivodeship bordered Czechoslovakia to the south and Germany (East Prussia) to the west.
Answer: False
The Białystok Voivodeship bordered Germany (East Prussia) to the northwest, and Polish voivodeships like Polesie and Lublin to the south, not Czechoslovakia.
To its northwest, the Białystok Voivodeship bordered Germany (East Prussia).
Answer: True
The Białystok Voivodeship was indeed bordered by Germany (East Prussia) to its northwest.
The landscape of the Białystok Voivodeship was characterized by mountainous terrain and numerous large rivers.
Answer: False
The landscape of the Białystok Voivodeship was generally flat, with the prominent Bialowieza Forest, not mountainous terrain and numerous large rivers.
What was the population of Białystok city, the capital of the Białystok Voivodeship, by 1939?
Answer: 107,000
The population of Białystok city, the capital of the Białystok Voivodeship, reached 107,000 by 1939.
Which voivodeship bordered Białystok Voivodeship to the west in interwar Poland?
Answer: Warsaw Voivodeship
In interwar Poland, the Białystok Voivodeship bordered the Warsaw Voivodeship to its west.
What prominent natural feature was located right in the middle of the Białystok Voivodeship's landscape?
Answer: The mighty Bialowieza Forest
The mighty Bialowieza Forest was a prominent natural feature situated centrally within the generally flat landscape of the Białystok Voivodeship.