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Theodore O'Hara served as a Captain and assistant quartermaster for the Kentucky Volunteers during the Mexican-American War.
Answer: True
Records confirm that Theodore O'Hara served as a Captain and assistant quartermaster for the Kentucky Volunteers during the Mexican-American War.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" was recited as the eulogy during Theodore O'Hara's reinterment at Frankfort Cemetery.
Answer: True
Upon his reinterment at Frankfort Cemetery, "Bivouac of the Dead" was employed as the eulogy, underscoring its significance to the author and his legacy.
The military designation 'brevet major' signifies a substantive promotion for Theodore O'Hara during the Mexican-American War.
Answer: False
A 'brevet major' rank is typically an honorary or nominal rank conferred for distinguished service, not a substantive promotion with full command authority.
Who was the author of the poem "Bivouac of the Dead"?
Answer: Theodore O'Hara
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" was authored by Theodore O'Hara.
What rank did Theodore O'Hara achieve before returning to Kentucky in 1847?
Answer: Brevet Major
Before returning to Kentucky in 1847, Theodore O'Hara attained the rank of brevet major for his service during the Mexican-American War.
How was "Bivouac of the Dead" used in relation to Theodore O'Hara's own final resting place?
Answer: It was read as the eulogy during his reinterment.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" served as the eulogy during Theodore O'Hara's reinterment at Frankfort Cemetery.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" was authored by Theodore O'Hara to commemorate soldiers from Texas who perished during the Mexican-American War.
Answer: False
The source indicates that "Bivouac of the Dead" was written to honor soldiers from Kentucky, not Texas, who died in the Mexican-American War.
The Battle of Buena Vista served as the direct catalyst for Theodore O'Hara's composition of "Bivouac of the Dead."
Answer: True
The substantial losses incurred by Kentucky troops at the Battle of Buena Vista directly inspired Theodore O'Hara to compose "Bivouac of the Dead" in their honor.
The phrase "Bivouac of the Dead" poetically interprets the graves of soldiers as a form of temporary, minimal shelter.
Answer: True
A bivouac denotes a temporary encampment, and in the poem's context, "Bivouac of the Dead" poetically represents soldiers' graves as a silent, eternal camp, suggesting repose.
Theodore O'Hara's Kentucky origins influenced his decision to write the poem specifically about soldiers from that state.
Answer: True
As a native Kentuckian, Theodore O'Hara's connection to the state is reflected in his choice to honor the soldiers from Kentucky who died in the Mexican-American War.
The Mexican-American War was the sole conflict that inspired the writing of "Bivouac of the Dead."
Answer: False
While the Mexican-American War was the primary inspiration, the poem's enduring use and adaptation suggest its themes resonate beyond that specific conflict.
The line "On Fame's eternal camping-ground / Their silent tents are spread" poetically signifies the lasting legacy and final resting place of soldiers.
Answer: True
This line is interpreted as referring to the enduring legacy of soldiers and their eternal rest, likening their graves to a permanent encampment on the grounds of fame.
The significant casualties among Kentucky troops at the Battle of Buena Vista directly inspired Theodore O'Hara's composition of "Bivouac of the Dead."
Answer: True
The heavy losses sustained by Kentucky regiments at the Battle of Buena Vista served as the direct impetus for Theodore O'Hara to write the poem.
What was the primary, original purpose for which "Bivouac of the Dead" was written?
Answer: To honor Kentucky soldiers who died in the Mexican-American War.
The poem's principal original purpose was to honor the soldiers from Kentucky who lost their lives during the Mexican-American War.
Which conflict's casualties directly inspired Theodore O'Hara to write "Bivouac of the Dead"?
Answer: The Mexican-American War
Theodore O'Hara was inspired to write "Bivouac of the Dead" by the casualties sustained by Kentucky troops during the Mexican-American War.
Which specific battle's losses prompted O'Hara to write the poem?
Answer: The Battle of Buena Vista
The heavy casualties suffered by Kentucky regiments during the Battle of Buena Vista directly inspired Theodore O'Hara to compose "Bivouac of the Dead."
What does the term 'bivouac' refer to in the context of the poem's title?
Answer: A temporary encampment, often with minimal shelter.
A bivouac is defined as a temporary encampment, typically with minimal shelter, which poetically frames the soldiers' graves as a final, silent resting place.
Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the line "On Fame's eternal camping-ground / Their silent tents are spread"?
Answer: It signifies the soldiers' enduring legacy and eternal rest.
This line poetically conveys the lasting legacy and eternal repose of soldiers, likening their graves to a permanent encampment on the grounds of fame.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" achieved widespread popularity immediately following its initial composition during the Mexican-American War.
Answer: False
While the poem was inspired by the Mexican-American War, its significant broader popularity surged following the American Civil War, not immediately after its composition.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" was first published in the Louisville Courier newspaper in 1850.
Answer: False
The poem was first published in the Frankfort Yeoman in 1850, not the Louisville Courier.
John C. Breckinridge delivered a speech at Frankfort Cemetery on July 20, 1847, during the burial of fallen Kentuckians.
Answer: True
John C. Breckinridge did deliver a speech at Frankfort Cemetery on July 20, 1847, during the burial of Kentuckians who died in the Mexican-American War.
Which newspaper published a version of the poem in 1858 with an introduction claiming it was the one recited in 1847?
Answer: The Louisville Courier
In 1858, the Louisville Courier published a version of the poem accompanied by an introduction asserting it was the text recited in 1847.
The Confederate Monument in Cynthiana, Kentucky, recognized as the first Confederate monument in the state, incorporates a verse from the poem.
Answer: True
The Confederate Monument in Cynthiana, Kentucky, holds the distinction of being the first erected for fallen Confederates in the state and features a verse from "Bivouac of the Dead."
Governor Lucius Fairchild quoted the final stanza of "Bivouac of the Dead" during the dedication of the Grant County Soldier's Monument in Wisconsin.
Answer: True
Governor Lucius Fairchild, a Union veteran, did quote the final stanza of "Bivouac of the Dead" during the dedication ceremony for the Grant County Soldier's Monument in Wisconsin.
After the Mexican-American War, when did the poem "Bivouac of the Dead" gain significant broader recognition?
Answer: Following the American Civil War.
While inspired by the Mexican-American War, the poem's widespread popularity and use in commemoration surged significantly after the American Civil War.
In which U.S. state was the first monument erected for fallen Confederates that incorporated a verse from "Bivouac of the Dead"?
Answer: Kentucky
The first monument erected for fallen Confederates in Kentucky, the Confederate Monument in Cynthiana, included a verse from "Bivouac of the Dead."
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" is featured on plaques at Finn's Point National Cemetery, which primarily honors Union soldiers captured by the Confederacy.
Answer: False
Finn's Point National Cemetery features plaques quoting "Bivouac of the Dead," but it primarily honors Confederate soldiers who died as prisoners of war, not Union soldiers.
Montgomery C. Meigs selected verses from "Bivouac of the Dead" for the entrance of Arlington National Cemetery due to its solemn appeal.
Answer: True
Montgomery C. Meigs chose verses from the poem for the entrance of Arlington National Cemetery, finding its solemn tone appropriate for the memorial setting.
The authorship of "Bivouac of the Dead" was consistently and prominently credited at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries.
Answer: False
O'Hara's authorship was frequently omitted or uncredited in national cemeteries, largely because he had fought for the Confederacy.
By the late 1930s, lines from "Bivouac of the Dead" had been removed from markers in nearly all national cemeteries.
Answer: False
The source indicates that while lines were removed from many markers, fourteen national cemeteries retained verses on tablets by the late 1930s, and a restoration effort began in 2001.
In 2001, the National Cemetery Administration initiated a process to reinstate the first stanza of "Bivouac of the Dead" in national cemeteries.
Answer: True
The National Cemetery Administration commenced a program in 2001 to return the first stanza of the poem to national cemeteries where it had been previously removed or was absent.
Verses from "Bivouac of the Dead" are inscribed on markers at Antietam National Cemetery and Winchester National Cemetery.
Answer: True
The poem's verses are indeed found inscribed on markers at Antietam National Cemetery and Winchester National Cemetery, among others.
A plaque at Golden Gate National Cemetery features a quotation from "Bivouac of the Dead."
Answer: True
Golden Gate National Cemetery includes a plaque that displays a quotation from Theodore O'Hara's "Bivouac of the Dead."
The image from Battleground National Cemetery displays a plaque quoting lines from "Bivouac of the Dead."
Answer: True
Battleground National Cemetery features a plaque that quotes lines from "Bivouac of the Dead," signifying its use in commemorating soldiers there.
Montgomery C. Meigs was responsible for selecting "Bivouac of the Dead" for use at Gettysburg National Cemetery.
Answer: False
Montgomery C. Meigs selected verses from the poem for Arlington National Cemetery's entrance, not Gettysburg National Cemetery.
The Confederacy's association with Theodore O'Hara led to his authorship of "Bivouac of the Dead" being frequently omitted in national cemeteries.
Answer: True
Because Theodore O'Hara served the Confederacy, his authorship of the poem was often uncredited in national cemeteries, reflecting the complex post-war sentiments.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" was used during the burial of Confederate soldiers at Finn's Point National Cemetery in New Jersey.
Answer: True
Finn's Point National Cemetery, which holds the remains of Confederate soldiers who died as prisoners of war, features plaques quoting "Bivouac of the Dead."
Who selected verses from "Bivouac of the Dead" for the entrance of Arlington National Cemetery?
Answer: Montgomery C. Meigs
Montgomery C. Meigs was responsible for selecting verses from "Bivouac of the Dead" for the entrance of Arlington National Cemetery.
Why was Theodore O'Hara's authorship often uncredited in national cemeteries?
Answer: He fought for the Confederacy.
The frequent omission of O'Hara's authorship in national cemeteries stemmed from his service to the Confederacy.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a national cemetery where phrases from "Bivouac of the Dead" can be found?
Answer: Gettysburg National Cemetery
While Arlington, Finn's Point, and Winchester National Cemeteries are mentioned as featuring verses from the poem, Gettysburg National Cemetery is not listed in this context.
The poem's use in national cemeteries was complicated by the fact that its author:
Answer: Fought for the Confederacy.
Theodore O'Hara's service to the Confederacy complicated the attribution and use of his poem in national cemeteries, which primarily honored Union soldiers.
Theodore O'Hara consistently adhered to the original lyrics of "Bivouac of the Dead" without any modifications after its initial publication.
Answer: False
Theodore O'Hara was known to alter the lyrics of "Bivouac of the Dead," sometimes removing specific details or entire stanzas.
In 1900, The New York Times published an article critiquing alterations to "Bivouac of the Dead" and advocating for the original text.
Answer: True
The New York Times did indeed publish an article in 1900 that criticized the various alterations to the poem and argued for the preservation of its original form.
The New York Times article in 1900 criticized the poem "Bivouac of the Dead" for being excessively brief and lacking emotional depth.
Answer: False
The 1900 New York Times article criticized the alterations made to the poem, advocating for the original text, rather than criticizing its length or emotional content.
How did Theodore O'Hara reportedly treat the text of "Bivouac of the Dead" over time?
Answer: He frequently altered the lyrics, sometimes removing specific details.
Theodore O'Hara was known to revise "Bivouac of the Dead," occasionally omitting specific place names or entire stanzas from the text.
What action did The New York Times take in 1900 regarding the poem?
Answer: Published an article criticizing alterations and advocating for the original text.
In 1900, The New York Times published an article that criticized the alterations made to "Bivouac of the Dead" and advocated for the preservation of its original text.
The poem "Bivouac of the Dead" has been characterized as a minor work with negligible lasting impact on American commemorative literature.
Answer: False
The poem is recognized as a significant work, described as a 'worthy contribution to American Literature,' indicating a substantial and lasting impact.
The poem's verses have appeared internationally, including on the gravestone of a Victoria Cross recipient buried in Tyne Cot Cemetery.
Answer: True
The poem's reach extends internationally, evidenced by its inscription on the gravestone of a Victoria Cross recipient at Tyne Cot Cemetery.
The image from Cave Hill Cemetery illustrates the poem "Bivouac of the Dead" being quoted on a monument located in Illinois.
Answer: False
The image from Cave Hill Cemetery depicts the poem quoted on a monument within Kentucky, not Illinois.
Clarence Smith Jeffries' gravestone quotes lines from "Bivouac of the Dead," specifically mentioning his service in the Spanish-American War.
Answer: False
While Clarence Smith Jeffries' gravestone quotes lines from "Bivouac of the Dead," the source does not mention his service in the Spanish-American War in relation to this quote.
What literary assessment is mentioned in the source regarding "Bivouac of the Dead"?
Answer: It is described as a 'worthy contribution to American Literature'.
The poem has received literary recognition, being described as a 'worthy contribution to American Literature,' indicating its respected standing.
What does the image from Cave Hill Cemetery illustrate regarding the poem?
Answer: A memorial plaque quoting the poem.
The image from Cave Hill Cemetery shows a monument or marker featuring a quotation from "Bivouac of the Dead," illustrating its presence in significant regional cemeteries.