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Breaking news is exclusively defined as an event important enough to interrupt a regularly scheduled broadcast, without any broader application.
Answer: False
The definition of breaking news includes events important enough to interrupt broadcasts, but also encompasses ongoing coverage of broadly interesting events, a practice sometimes criticized as sensationalism.
The mass adoption of radio in the U.S. during the 1930s significantly increased the speed of news dissemination by eliminating the delay of printing extra newspaper editions.
Answer: True
The widespread adoption of radio in the 1930s allowed for immediate news updates, bypassing the traditional delays of newspaper production and significantly increasing the speed of news dissemination.
The early 2000s saw a shift to a 12-hour news cycle, primarily driven by print media, which reduced the frequency of breaking news alerts.
Answer: False
The early 2000s, driven by cable networks and web-based platforms, established a 24-hour news cycle, which increased, rather than reduced, the frequency of breaking news alerts.
News bulletins became a regular feature of radio broadcasting during the 1940s.
Answer: False
News bulletins became a regular feature of radio broadcasting during the 1920s, specifically during the 'Golden Age of Radio', not the 1940s.
The coverage of the moon landing is cited as one of the first television news bulletins.
Answer: False
The coverage of the attack on Pearl Harbor is cited as one of the first television news bulletins, predating the moon landing by several decades.
KTLA in Los Angeles provided the first extended television coverage of a breaking news event, a 27.5-hour rescue attempt.
Answer: True
KTLA in Los Angeles is indeed credited with the first extended television coverage of a breaking news event, dedicating 27.5 hours to the live rescue attempt of Kathy Fiscus in 1949.
Before 24-hour news networks, programming interruptions were common for a wide range of daily news events.
Answer: False
Prior to the advent of 24-hour news networks, programming interruptions were generally reserved for exceptionally urgent news events, not a wide range of daily occurrences.
The 'Golden Age of Radio' in the 1920s established news bulletins as a regular feature of radio broadcasting.
Answer: True
The 'Golden Age of Radio' in the 1920s was indeed the period when news bulletins became a regular and established feature of radio broadcasting, marking a new era for news dissemination.
According to the article, what is one of the alternative terms for 'breaking news'?
Answer: Special coverage
The article identifies 'special coverage' as an alternative term for 'breaking news', alongside 'late-breaking news', 'special report', or 'news flash'.
How did the mass adoption of radio in the U.S. during the 1930s impact news dissemination?
Answer: It made breaking news common by providing immediate updates without newspaper delays.
The widespread adoption of radio in the 1930s revolutionized news dissemination by enabling immediate updates, thereby making breaking news common and bypassing the delays of traditional print media.
What major change did the early 2000s bring to breaking news reporting?
Answer: The establishment of a 24-hour news cycle by cable networks and web-based platforms.
The early 2000s were characterized by the establishment of a 24-hour news cycle, driven by cable networks and web-based platforms, which fundamentally altered the landscape of breaking news reporting.
When did news bulletins first become a regular feature of radio broadcasting?
Answer: 1920s
News bulletins became a regular feature of radio broadcasting during the 1920s, a period often referred to as the 'Golden Age of Radio'.
Which historical event is cited as one of the first television news bulletins?
Answer: The attack on Pearl Harbor
The coverage of the attack on Pearl Harbor is cited as one of the earliest instances of a television news bulletin, broadcast on stations in New York and Pennsylvania.
Which television station provided the first extended coverage of a breaking news event, and what was the event?
Answer: KTLA, the rescue attempt of Kathy Fiscus
KTLA in Los Angeles is recognized for providing the first extended television coverage of a breaking news event, dedicating 27.5 hours to the live rescue attempt of three-year-old Kathy Fiscus in 1949.
Before the advent of 24-hour news networks, what types of events typically warranted programming interruptions?
Answer: Extremely urgent news, such as the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
Prior to the widespread availability of 24-hour news networks, programming interruptions were typically reserved for exceptionally urgent news events, exemplified by the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
What is the significance of the 'Golden Age of Radio' in the context of news bulletins?
Answer: It was the period when news bulletins became a regular feature of radio broadcasting.
The 'Golden Age of Radio' in the 1920s is historically significant as the era when news bulletins became a regular and established component of radio broadcasting, fundamentally changing news delivery.
When a news event warrants a television interruption, broadcasters typically alert affiliates to stand by, switch to a countdown, and then show an opening graphic with music before an anchor introduces the story.
Answer: True
The standard protocol for a television breaking news interruption involves alerting affiliates, a countdown sequence for synchronization, an opening graphic with music, and then the anchor's introduction.
Major networks like NBC have entirely ceased using full programming cut-ins for breaking stories, relying solely on 'Special Report' tickers.
Answer: False
While major networks like NBC do use 'Special Report' tickers to reduce the need for full cut-ins, they have not entirely ceased using full programming interruptions for all breaking stories.
Breaking news reports are always brief, lasting only a few minutes, regardless of the story's significance.
Answer: False
Breaking news reports can vary significantly in duration, from a few minutes to multiple hours or even days, depending on the gravity and unfolding nature of the story.
Radio networks require constant monitoring by station employees to ensure national breaking news coverage can air.
Answer: True
For national breaking news broadcasts over a radio network, constant monitoring by station employees is essential to enable the network coverage to interrupt ongoing programming and air.
During a television breaking news broadcast, the news anchor's role is to welcome the viewer and introduce the story.
Answer: True
The news anchor serves as the primary presenter during a television breaking news broadcast, welcoming viewers and introducing the unfolding story.
Lower thirds and other on-screen graphics are typically removed during breaking news to avoid distracting viewers from the main report.
Answer: False
During a breaking news event, lower thirds and other on-screen graphics are typically *altered* to convey a heightened sense of urgency, rather than being removed to avoid distraction.
Suspending commercial advertising during sustained breaking news coverage helps maintain focus on the unfolding event.
Answer: True
The suspension of commercial advertising during sustained breaking news coverage is a deliberate practice to ensure uninterrupted reporting and analysis, thereby maintaining audience focus on the unfolding event.
A countdown sequence during a television breaking news interruption is used to allow affiliated stations to synchronize with the network feed.
Answer: True
The countdown sequence during a television breaking news interruption is a critical step that provides affiliated stations with the necessary time to switch to and synchronize with the network feed.
If a national network newscast is in progress during a breaking news event, it will immediately cut to the breaking news without any pause.
Answer: False
If a national network newscast is underway when breaking news occurs, the newscast will temporarily pause to allow affiliated stations to join the feed before the breaking news coverage continues.
Network affiliates typically insert their station identification at the top of the hour during extended breaking news reports by cutting to a full-screen promo.
Answer: False
During extended breaking news, network affiliates are required to insert their station identification at the top of the hour, typically by overlaying it during the report, rather than cutting to a full-screen promotional segment.
When a news event warrants a television interruption, what is the typical first step taken by the broadcaster?
Answer: Alerting affiliates to stand by.
The initial step in a television breaking news interruption protocol is for the broadcaster to alert its affiliates to stand by, preparing them to join the network feed.
How do major networks like NBC sometimes reduce the need for full programming cut-ins for breaking stories?
Answer: By using 'Special Report' tickers during regularly scheduled programming.
Major networks like NBC often employ 'Special Report' tickers during regular programming to convey urgent news, thereby reducing the necessity for full programming interruptions or 'cut-ins'.
What is required of station employees for national news broadcast over a radio network?
Answer: They must constantly monitor to allow network coverage to air.
For national news broadcasts over a radio network, station employees are required to maintain constant monitoring to ensure that network coverage can interrupt ongoing programming and air when urgent news breaks.
What is the primary role of a news anchor during a television breaking news broadcast?
Answer: To welcome the viewer and introduce the story.
The primary role of a news anchor during a television breaking news broadcast is to welcome the audience and introduce the unfolding story, serving as the central point of information delivery.
How are lower thirds and other graphics typically utilized during a breaking news event on television?
Answer: They are altered to convey a heightened sense of urgency.
During a television breaking news event, lower thirds and other on-screen graphics are typically modified to convey a heightened sense of urgency, reinforcing the immediate nature of the report.
What is the purpose of suspending commercial advertising during sustained breaking news coverage?
Answer: To maintain focus on the unfolding event and ensure uninterrupted reporting.
Suspending commercial advertising during sustained breaking news coverage serves to maintain audience focus on the unfolding event and ensures uninterrupted reporting and analysis of critical information.
What is the purpose of a countdown sequence during a television breaking news interruption?
Answer: To allow affiliated stations time to switch to the network feed.
A countdown sequence during a television breaking news interruption serves to provide affiliated stations with adequate time to switch to the network feed, ensuring a synchronized broadcast.
What happens if a national network newscast is already in progress when a breaking news event occurs?
Answer: The newscast temporarily pauses to allow affiliates to join the feed.
If a national network newscast is already in progress during a breaking news event, it will temporarily pause to allow other network affiliates to join the feed before continuing with the breaking news coverage.
How do network affiliates handle station identification during an extended breaking news report?
Answer: They insert their station identification at the top of the hour, typically overlaid during the report.
During an extended breaking news report, network affiliates are required to insert their station identification at the top of the hour, usually by overlaying it directly onto the ongoing report.
Mobile phones and news apps provide a direct and immediate channel for news organizations to deliver breaking news alerts via push notifications.
Answer: True
Smartphones with news applications enable news organizations to deliver breaking news alerts directly and immediately to users through push notifications, creating a direct channel for dissemination.
A 2016 Pew Charitable Trusts survey found that a majority of U.S. smartphone users received news alerts 'often'.
Answer: False
A 2016 Pew Charitable Trusts survey found that while 55% of U.S. smartphone users received news alerts, only 13% reported receiving them 'often', indicating that a majority did not receive them frequently.
*The New York Times* in 2016 combined its 'Breaking News' and 'Top Stories' push notifications into a single category to simplify alerts.
Answer: False
In 2016, *The New York Times* actually *split* its push notifications into 'Breaking News' for urgent updates and 'Top Stories' for less urgent but significant news, rather than combining them.
Social media platforms have slowed down the spread of breaking news, allowing traditional news organizations more time for verification.
Answer: False
Social media platforms, particularly Twitter, have significantly accelerated the spread of breaking news, often enabling real-time updates before traditional news verification processes can be completed.
News organizations in the digital age face challenges in verifying misinformation due to the rapid dissemination of news on social media, often leading to premature release of unverified information.
Answer: True
The rapid dissemination of information on social media creates significant pressure on news organizations, leading to challenges in verifying misinformation and sometimes resulting in the premature release of unverified content.
Newsrooms have largely abandoned verification procedures for digital content, prioritizing speed over accuracy in breaking news.
Answer: False
To address the challenges of verifying digital content, newsrooms have developed extensive verification procedures, including digital authentication tools, rather than abandoning them.
The immediate nature of social media allows news organizations ample time for traditional verification processes before publishing breaking news.
Answer: False
The immediate nature of social media often means information appears online rapidly, creating pressure for news organizations to publish quickly, frequently before traditional verification processes can be fully completed.
How do mobile phones and news apps facilitate the dissemination of breaking news?
Answer: By providing a direct and immediate channel for news organizations to deliver push notifications.
Mobile phones and news applications facilitate breaking news dissemination by offering a direct and immediate channel for news organizations to deliver push notifications to their audience.
What did a 2016 survey by the Pew Charitable Trusts reveal about the percentage of U.S. smartphone users who received news alerts 'often'?
Answer: 13%
A 2016 Pew Charitable Trusts survey indicated that while 55% of U.S. smartphone users received news alerts, only 13% reported receiving these notifications 'often'.
In 2016, *The New York Times* modified its push notifications by splitting them into which two categories?
Answer: 'Breaking News' and 'Top Stories'
In 2016, *The New York Times* reconfigured its push notifications, dividing them into 'Breaking News' for urgent updates and 'Top Stories' for significant but less immediate news.
What impact have social media platforms, particularly Twitter, had on the spread of breaking news?
Answer: They have enabled real-time updates from journalists and eyewitnesses, often before traditional verification.
Social media platforms, especially Twitter, have revolutionized the spread of breaking news by facilitating real-time updates from journalists and eyewitnesses, often preceding traditional verification processes.
What significant challenge do news organizations face in the digital age due to the rapid spread of breaking news on social media?
Answer: Challenges in verifying misinformation and pressure to publish unverified information quickly.
In the digital age, news organizations face the significant challenge of verifying misinformation amidst the rapid spread of breaking news on social media, often under pressure to publish unverified information swiftly.
What measures have newsrooms implemented to address the challenges of verifying digital content in breaking news?
Answer: They have developed extensive verification procedures, including digital authentication tools.
To counter the challenges of verifying digital content in breaking news, newsrooms have developed extensive verification procedures, often incorporating digital authentication tools to confirm the authenticity of online materials.
How does the immediate nature of social media impact traditional news verification processes?
Answer: It allows information to appear online rapidly, often before traditional verification can occur.
The immediate nature of social media means that information can rapidly appear online from various sources, often before traditional news verification processes can be completed by news organizations.
'Talking heads' are primarily utilized in breaking news to provide live footage from the scene of an incident.
Answer: False
'Talking heads' are primarily utilized in breaking news to offer analysis and commentary, especially when live footage or detailed information from the scene is limited, rather than to provide live footage themselves.
In the United Kingdom, 'talking heads' are typically full-time employees of commercial networks, similar to the practice in the United States.
Answer: False
In the United Kingdom, 'talking heads' are typically freelance and may receive a flat fee or no payment, contrasting with the United States where commercial networks often employ them full-time.
The *Financial Times* suggested in 2015 that social media's role in featuring non-expert comments might reduce the need for traditional 'talking heads'.
Answer: True
The *Financial Times* indeed suggested that modern technological developments, including the integration of non-expert social media comments into news coverage, could diminish the reliance on traditional 'talking heads'.
Research suggests that 'talking heads' in the United Kingdom are more likely to be perceived as partial than those in the United States.
Answer: False
Research indicates that 'talking heads' in the United States are more likely to be perceived as partial compared to their counterparts in the United Kingdom, potentially due to the competitive nature of U.S. commercial networks.
In the context of breaking news, what are 'talking heads' primarily utilized for?
Answer: To offer analysis and commentary, especially when information or footage is limited.
'Talking heads' are primarily engaged in breaking news to provide expert analysis and commentary, particularly when there is a scarcity of live footage, on-scene reporters, or detailed information.
How does the employment of 'talking heads' generally differ between the United States and the United Kingdom?
Answer: US networks often employ them full-time, while UK 'talking heads' are typically freelance.
In the United States, commercial networks frequently employ 'talking heads' full-time, whereas in the United Kingdom, these experts are typically freelance and may participate without substantial payment.
What did the *Financial Times* suggest in 2015 might be diminishing the need for traditional 'talking heads'?
Answer: Modern technological developments broadening news coverage and networks featuring non-expert social media comments.
The *Financial Times* suggested that modern technological advancements, which expand news coverage, and the increasing integration of non-expert social media comments by networks, could be reducing the demand for traditional 'talking heads'.
According to research, which country's 'talking heads' are more likely to be perceived as partial?
Answer: United States
Research indicates that 'talking heads' in the United States are more frequently perceived as partial compared to those in the United Kingdom, potentially due to the competitive nature of U.S. commercial networks.
Early breaking news reports are often highly accurate and complete due to immediate access to all facts.
Answer: False
Initial breaking news reports are frequently incomplete or inaccurate because reporters often have only a preliminary understanding of the developing story, lacking immediate access to all verified facts.
The Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA) provides specific guidelines for broadcasters on reporting breaking news.
Answer: True
The Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA) indeed maintains a set of guidelines specifically designed to assist broadcasters in responsible and ethical breaking news coverage.
A common criticism is that the term 'breaking news' is underutilized, leading to a lack of urgency in news reporting.
Answer: False
A common criticism is that the term 'breaking news' is *overutilized*, even for less urgent stories, which has diminished its impact and sense of urgency among the audience.
WDRB in Louisville, Kentucky, launched a promotional campaign in 2013 criticizing the overuse of 'breaking news' as a marketing ploy.
Answer: True
WDRB in Louisville, Kentucky, did indeed launch a promotional campaign in 2013 to critique the widespread and constant use of 'breaking news,' labeling it a 'marketing ploy' and committing to more judicious use of the term.
CNN chairman and CEO Chris Licht expanded the use of the 'breaking news' chyron in 2022 to increase viewer engagement.
Answer: False
In 2022, CNN chairman and CEO Chris Licht implemented new guidance to *limit* the use of the 'breaking news' chyron, arguing that its overuse had diminished its impact and that CNN should focus on informing, not alarming, viewers.
Chris Licht's rationale for limiting 'breaking news' at CNN was to make the network more alarming to viewers.
Answer: False
Chris Licht's rationale for limiting 'breaking news' at CNN was precisely to avoid alarming viewers and to restore the term's impact, emphasizing CNN's role as 'truth-tellers' focused on informing.
What is a common characteristic of early breaking news reports?
Answer: They are often incomplete or inaccurate due to limited initial information.
Initial breaking news reports are commonly characterized by incompleteness or inaccuracy, as reporters typically have only a basic understanding of the developing story at its outset.
Which organization provides guidelines for broadcasters reporting breaking news?
Answer: The Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA)
The Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA) is the organization responsible for maintaining specific guidelines for broadcasters to follow when reporting breaking news, promoting responsible coverage.
What is a common criticism regarding the use of the term 'breaking news' by media outlets?
Answer: Its impact has been lost due to excessive and repetitive use.
A prevalent criticism is that the term 'breaking news' has lost its impact due to its excessive and often repetitive use by media outlets, even for less urgent stories.
How did WDRB in Louisville, Kentucky, respond to the perceived overuse of 'breaking news' in 2013?
Answer: They launched a promotional campaign criticizing its use as a 'marketing ploy'.
In 2013, WDRB in Louisville, Kentucky, responded to the perceived overuse of 'breaking news' by launching a promotional campaign that openly criticized its application as a 'marketing ploy'.
What action did CNN chairman and CEO Chris Licht take in 2022 regarding the use of 'breaking news'?
Answer: He added new guidance to limit its use to stories of utmost importance.
In 2022, CNN chairman and CEO Chris Licht introduced new guidance to restrict the use of the 'breaking news' chyron to stories of paramount importance, aiming to restore its impact.
What was Chris Licht's stated rationale for limiting the use of 'breaking news' at CNN?
Answer: Its overuse had diminished its impact, and CNN should focus on informing, not alarming.
Chris Licht's rationale for limiting 'breaking news' at CNN was that its overuse had diminished its impact, and the network's mission should be to inform viewers accurately rather than to alarm them.
Independent Radio News in the United Kingdom uses a special alarm system to notify affiliates of major political announcements, not royal family deaths.
Answer: False
Independent Radio News in the United Kingdom uses a specialized alarm system specifically to notify affiliates of deaths within the British royal family, not major political announcements, to ensure coordinated mourning protocols.
Since the 1990s, North American severe weather coverage has shifted towards more extensive 'wall-to-wall' coverage for high-end alerts, partly due to technological advancements.
Answer: True
Post-1990s, severe weather coverage in North America evolved to more extensive 'wall-to-wall' reporting for high-end alerts, a change influenced by both technological advancements and highly life-threatening events.
The deployment of helicopters for aerial coverage and advanced radar systems were technological advancements that contributed to more extensive severe weather coverage.
Answer: True
Technological advancements such as the deployment of helicopters for aerial coverage and sophisticated radar systems were indeed key factors in the shift towards more comprehensive severe weather reporting.
The 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak was a significant event that contributed to the heightened urgency for advising safety precautions during severe weather.
Answer: True
Highly life-threatening events in the 1990s, including the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, significantly contributed to the increased urgency in advising safety precautions during severe weather events.
What specialized system does Independent Radio News in the United Kingdom use?
Answer: An alarm system for notifying affiliates of deaths within the British royal family.
Independent Radio News in the United Kingdom employs a specialized alarm system specifically designed to notify its affiliates of deaths within the British royal family, facilitating coordinated mourning protocols.
What technological advancements contributed to the shift towards more extensive severe weather coverage post-1990s?
Answer: Deployment of helicopters for aerial coverage and advanced radar systems.
Technological advancements, including the deployment of helicopters for aerial coverage and sophisticated radar systems, were instrumental in the shift towards more extensive severe weather coverage after the 1990s.
Which events in the 1990s contributed to a heightened urgency for advising safety precautions during severe weather?
Answer: Hurricane Andrew and the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak.
Highly life-threatening events in the 1990s, including Hurricane Andrew and the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, significantly increased the urgency for advising safety precautions during severe weather.