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A butterfly roof is characterized by two roof surfaces that slope downwards from opposing edges, converging at a central valley.
Answer: False
The defining characteristic of a butterfly roof involves surfaces sloping *downward* towards the valley, not upward away from it. This question assesses precise comprehension of the roof's geometric configuration.
The primary distinguishing feature of a butterfly roof is its central ridge line.
Answer: False
A butterfly roof is distinguished by its central valley, not a ridge line. The two roof planes slope downwards towards this valley.
What is the defining characteristic of a butterfly roof?
Answer: Two roof surfaces that slope downwards from opposite edges, meeting at a central valley.
The fundamental characteristic is the presence of two roof planes descending from opposing edges to converge at a central valley, creating its distinctive inverted form.
The butterfly roof's shape visually resembles:
Answer: A butterfly's wings
The distinctive inverted V-shape formed by the two sloping roof surfaces converging at a central valley is the basis for its visual resemblance to a butterfly's wings.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the butterfly roof as described in the source?
Answer: Absence of any drainage system.
While butterfly roofs differ in drainage methods from conventional roofs, they do possess drainage systems, typically involving scuppers or downspouts at the valley ends. The other options are indeed characteristics.
The name 'butterfly roof' is derived from its visual resemblance to the wings of a butterfly.
Answer: True
The nomenclature 'butterfly roof' is directly attributed to its distinctive visual similarity to the outstretched wings of a butterfly.
A butterfly roof is also known as a 'flat roof' or 'shed roof'.
Answer: False
A butterfly roof is a distinct typology and is not synonymous with a 'flat roof' or a standard 'shed roof.' It is sometimes referred to as a 'V roof.'
In British architectural history, butterfly roofs were sometimes called 'London' roofs when used in terraced houses.
Answer: True
Historically, butterfly roofs employed in Georgian and Victorian terraced houses in British urban contexts were often referred to as 'London' roofs.
The 'V roof' is an alternative name for a butterfly roof.
Answer: True
The term 'V roof' is recognized as an alternative nomenclature for the butterfly roof, referencing its characteristic shape.
What is an alternative name for a butterfly roof mentioned in the source?
Answer: V roof
The source indicates that 'V roof' is an alternative designation for a butterfly roof, referencing its characteristic shape.
What is the term used for butterfly roofs commonly found in Georgian and Victorian terraced houses in British cities?
Answer: London roofs
Within the context of British architectural history, particularly in Georgian and Victorian terraced housing, butterfly roofs were often designated as 'London' roofs.
Le Corbusier first used the butterfly roof form in his architectural designs in the 1950s.
Answer: False
Le Corbusier utilized the butterfly roof form considerably earlier, specifically in his 1930 design for Maison Errazuriz in Chile, predating the 1950s.
Antonin Raymond utilized the butterfly roof form in Japan in 1933, and the design was later featured in 'Architectural Digest'.
Answer: False
Antonin Raymond did utilize the butterfly roof form in Japan in 1933, but the design was featured in 'Architectural Record,' not 'Architectural Digest.'
Oscar Niemeyer designed the Pampulha Yacht Club in Brazil with a butterfly roof in 1943.
Answer: True
The Pampulha Yacht Club, designed by Oscar Niemeyer and located in Brazil, was indeed constructed with a butterfly roof in 1943.
Marcel Breuer incorporated the butterfly roof into his Geller House project located in Los Angeles, California.
Answer: False
Marcel Breuer's Geller House project, which featured a butterfly roof, was located in Long Island, New York, not Los Angeles, California.
In which country did Le Corbusier first use the butterfly roof form in his 1930 design for Maison Errazuriz?
Answer: Chile
Le Corbusier's 1930 design for Maison Errazuriz, which incorporated the butterfly roof, was located in Chile.
Which architect utilized the butterfly roof on a house in Japan in 1933, a design later featured in 'Architectural Record'?
Answer: Antonin Raymond
Antonin Raymond employed the butterfly roof form in a Japanese residence in 1933, a design subsequently published in 'Architectural Record.'
Which of the following architects is NOT mentioned in the source as having used the butterfly roof form before 1950?
Answer: William Krisel
While Le Corbusier (1930), Oscar Niemeyer (1943), and Marcel Breuer (1945) are noted for using the butterfly roof before 1950, William Krisel's significant contributions to the modern design occurred later, primarily in the late 1950s.
Which publication featured Antonin Raymond's 1933 butterfly roof design?
Answer: Architectural Record
Antonin Raymond's 1933 butterfly roof design, implemented in Japan, received publication in the esteemed journal 'Architectural Record.'
What historical context, besides US Mid-century modernism, is mentioned for the use of butterfly roofs?
Answer: Georgian and Victorian British terraced houses
Beyond its prominent association with US Mid-century modernism, the butterfly roof form also appeared historically in Georgian and Victorian terraced houses in Great Britain.
William Krisel and Dan Palmer are credited with creating the modern butterfly roof design in the late 1950s in Palm Springs.
Answer: True
Architects William Krisel and Dan Palmer are widely recognized for developing and popularizing the modern iteration of the butterfly roof design during the late 1950s, particularly within the architectural landscape of Palm Springs, California.
William Krisel is recognized as the original inventor of the butterfly roof design.
Answer: False
While William Krisel was instrumental in the widespread adoption and modern interpretation of the butterfly roof, he himself acknowledged that he was not its original inventor.
Joseph Eichler built the first US housing tract featuring the butterfly roof, named Atherwood, in Redwood City, California.
Answer: True
Joseph Eichler is credited with building the Atherwood housing tract in Redwood City, California, around 1950, which was among the earliest US developments to prominently feature the butterfly roof.
William Krisel first implemented the butterfly roof design in the Twin Palms neighborhood of Palm Springs in 1957.
Answer: True
The Twin Palms neighborhood in Palm Springs, California, saw the first implementation of William Krisel's butterfly roof designs in 1957.
Which architects are commonly credited with developing the modern butterfly roof design in the late 1950s?
Answer: William Krisel and Dan Palmer
William Krisel and Dan Palmer are widely recognized for their significant contributions to the modern butterfly roof design, particularly their work in Palm Springs during the late 1950s.
Who built the Atherwood housing tract, one of the first in the US to feature butterfly roofs?
Answer: Joseph Eichler
Joseph Eichler was the developer responsible for the Atherwood housing tract in California, an early US development that prominently featured butterfly roofs.
What was the approximate year Joseph Eichler built the Atherwood housing tract featuring butterfly roofs?
Answer: 1950
Joseph Eichler's Atherwood housing tract, an early example of butterfly roof application in US residential development, was constructed around the year 1950.
According to the source, William Krisel confirmed he was the original inventor of the butterfly roof.
Answer: False
The provided information indicates that William Krisel, while a key figure in popularizing the modern butterfly roof, stated he was not its original inventor.
Butterfly roofs typically rely on conventional gutter systems installed along the eaves for rainwater drainage.
Answer: False
Butterfly roofs characteristically eschew conventional gutter systems along the eaves; instead, drainage is managed via the central valley.
Rainwater from a butterfly roof is usually directed to exit at the ends of the central valley.
Answer: True
The design of a butterfly roof channels rainwater towards the central valley, where it is typically directed to exit at the valley's extremities.
The valley of a butterfly roof can only be configured symmetrically.
Answer: False
The central valley of a butterfly roof is not restricted to a symmetrical configuration; it can be asymmetrical or off-center.
A 'roof cricket' might be used in a flat butterfly roof valley to aid water drainage.
Answer: True
In instances where a butterfly roof features a flat central valley, a 'roof cricket' may be incorporated to facilitate proper water drainage.
The butterfly roof's design inherently leads to lower perimeter walls compared to standard roofs.
Answer: False
The butterfly roof design typically allows for higher perimeter walls, which is a key feature enabling the integration of clerestory windows, rather than leading to lower walls.
How does a butterfly roof typically manage rainwater drainage?
Answer: By directing water to run off into scuppers or downspouts at the ends of the central valley.
Rainwater management in butterfly roofs is achieved by channeling water towards the central valley, where it exits via scuppers or downspouts located at the valley's extremities.
Which of the following is a possible configuration for the valley of a butterfly roof?
Answer: Asymmetrical or off-center
The central valley of a butterfly roof can be configured symmetrically or asymmetrically, offering flexibility in design and placement.
What is the function of a 'roof cricket' when used in a butterfly roof?
Answer: To divert rainwater towards the valley ends in a flat valley.
A roof cricket, when employed in the context of a butterfly roof, serves the specific function of directing water flow towards the valley outlets, particularly in flat valley configurations.
The butterfly roof is primarily associated with Gothic Revival architecture in the United States.
Answer: False
The butterfly roof is predominantly associated with Mid-century modern architecture in the United States, not Gothic Revival styles.
The butterfly roof design prevents the use of clerestory windows due to low wall heights.
Answer: False
Contrary to preventing their use, the butterfly roof's design often facilitates the incorporation of clerestory windows by allowing for higher perimeter walls.
Clerestory windows in butterfly roof designs help maintain privacy while allowing light penetration.
Answer: True
The strategic placement of clerestory windows, enabled by the butterfly roof's structural potential for higher walls, effectively balances the ingress of natural light with the preservation of occupant privacy.
The butterfly roof design is exclusively used in residential Mid-century modern homes.
Answer: False
While strongly associated with Mid-century modern residential architecture, the butterfly roof design has also appeared in other architectural contexts, including historical British terraced housing.
Which architectural style is most commonly associated with the butterfly roof in the United States?
Answer: Mid-century modern
In the United States, the butterfly roof is most frequently associated with the Mid-century modern architectural style, particularly prevalent in residential design from the mid-20th century.
What is the primary architectural benefit of the butterfly roof related to light and privacy?
Answer: It facilitates higher perimeter walls, allowing for clerestory windows.
The butterfly roof's structural configuration permits higher perimeter walls, which in turn allows for the effective installation of clerestory windows, enhancing natural light and ventilation.
The butterfly roof's design, allowing higher perimeter walls, is particularly advantageous for installing which type of window?
Answer: Clerestory windows
The elevated perimeter walls facilitated by the butterfly roof design are ideally suited for the installation of clerestory windows, which enhance natural light and ventilation.
What specific feature allows butterfly roofs to facilitate clerestory windows?
Answer: The higher perimeter walls enabled by the design.
The structural configuration of the butterfly roof permits the construction of higher perimeter walls, which is the critical factor enabling the integration of clerestory windows.
The Alexander Tract development in Palm Springs featured the butterfly roof and was the largest Modernist housing development in the US.
Answer: True
The Alexander Tract development in Palm Springs, a significant project by Krisel and Palmer, prominently featured the butterfly roof and is historically noted as the largest Modernist housing development in the United States.
A house with a butterfly roof played a significant role in the 'Red Riding' British TV crime drama trilogy.
Answer: True
A residence featuring a butterfly roof was a notable element within the narrative structure of the British television crime drama trilogy known as 'Red Riding.'
The 'Shangri-La' house in the 'Red Riding' trilogy featured a standard gable roof.
Answer: False
The 'Shangri-La' house, a significant location in the 'Red Riding' trilogy, was characterized by its butterfly roof, not a standard gable roof.
Sean Bean played the character John Dawson, owner of the 'Shangri-La' house in 'Red Riding'.
Answer: True
The character John Dawson, proprietor of the 'Shangri-La' house in the 'Red Riding' series, was portrayed by the actor Sean Bean.
The Pampulha Yacht Club, designed by Oscar Niemeyer, is located in Brazil.
Answer: True
The Pampulha Yacht Club, a notable work by Oscar Niemeyer that features a butterfly roof, is situated in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
The Geller House project, featuring a butterfly roof by Marcel Breuer, is located in New York.
Answer: True
Marcel Breuer's Geller House project, an example of butterfly roof application, is situated in Long Island, New York.
Joseph Eichler's Atherwood development was built in California.
Answer: True
Joseph Eichler's Atherwood development, an early example of butterfly roof housing tracts in US, was constructed in Redwood City, California.
What building did Oscar Niemeyer design in 1943 featuring a butterfly roof?
Answer: Pampulha Yacht Club
Oscar Niemeyer's Pampulha Yacht Club, designed in 1943, is a notable example of architecture incorporating a butterfly roof.
Where was Marcel Breuer's Geller House project, which featured a butterfly roof, located?
Answer: Long Island, New York
Marcel Breuer's Geller House project, an architectural work featuring a butterfly roof, is situated in Long Island, New York.
The Alexander Tract development is noted for being the largest of what type of housing development in the US?
Answer: Modernist housing development
The Alexander Tract development in Palm Springs is recognized as the largest Modernist housing development in the United States, showcasing the butterfly roof design.
In the 'Red Riding' TV trilogy, what was the name of the house featuring a butterfly roof?
Answer: Shangri-La
The house prominently featured in the 'Red Riding' television trilogy, distinguished by its butterfly roof, was named 'Shangri-La.'
Who owned the 'Shangri-La' house in the 'Red Riding' trilogy?
Answer: John Dawson, a corrupt property developer
The 'Shangri-La' house, a key location in the 'Red Riding' trilogy, was owned by the character John Dawson, depicted as a corrupt property developer.