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Total Categories: 6
Calais's primary geographical significance is derived from its position overlooking the widest point of the English Channel.
Answer: False
Calais's primary geographical significance stems from its position overlooking the Strait of Dover, which is the narrowest point of the English Channel, not the widest.
The name "Calais" ultimately derives from a Latin term signifying "the beautiful city."
Answer: False
The name "Calais" originates from the Latin "Caletum," derived from the Gaulish term "Caletoi," meaning "the hard ones" or "the tough ones," rather than a Latin term signifying "the beautiful city."
Calais is located approximately 21 miles from England across the Strait of Dover.
Answer: True
Calais is situated across the Strait of Dover, which measures approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) at its narrowest point, establishing it as the closest French town to England.
Calais experiences a tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to the Köppen classification.
Answer: False
Calais is classified under the Köppen climate system as having a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb), characterized by moderate temperatures and precipitation throughout the year.
Calais is situated at an elevation that reaches up to 59 feet above sea level.
Answer: True
Calais is located at an elevation ranging from 0 to 18 meters (0 to 59 feet) above sea level, consistent with its coastal geography.
The name "Calais" is linked to the Gaulish tribe known as the Caletes, who inhabited the Pays de Caux region.
Answer: True
The name "Calais" is believed to derive from the Gaulish ethnonym "Caletoi," associated with the Caletes tribe, who were inhabitants of the Pays de Caux region.
Calais is part of the Côte d'Azur, known for its Mediterranean climate.
Answer: False
Calais is situated within the Côte d'Opale (Opal Coast) of northern France, characterized by a temperate oceanic climate, not the Mediterranean climate associated with the Côte d'Azur.
The canals cut between Saint-Omer and coastal towns like Calais were primarily for military defense.
Answer: False
The canals connecting Saint-Omer to coastal towns such as Calais were primarily constructed to facilitate trade and transport, especially after the estuary silted up, rather than for military defense.
What is the primary geographical significance of Calais?
Answer: Its position overlooking the Strait of Dover, the narrowest point of the English Channel.
Calais's primary geographical significance lies in its strategic location overlooking the Strait of Dover, the narrowest point of the English Channel, establishing it as a crucial gateway between France and England.
The name "Calais" ultimately derives from which ancient language group?
Answer: Celtic
The name "Calais" is believed to originate from the Gaulish (Celtic) ethnonym "Caletoi," signifying "the hard ones" or "the tough ones."
What is the approximate distance across the Strait of Dover from Calais to England?
Answer: 34 kilometers (21 miles)
The Strait of Dover, separating Calais from England, measures approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) at its narrowest point.
According to the Köppen climate classification, Calais experiences which type of climate?
Answer: Temperate Oceanic (Cfb)
Calais is characterized by a temperate oceanic climate, designated as Cfb under the Köppen climate classification system.
What is the meaning of the Gaulish term "*kaletos*", from which the name "Calais" is believed to derive?
Answer: The hard ones
The Gaulish term "*kaletos*," from which the name "Calais" is thought to originate, translates to "the hard ones" or "the tough ones."
Historical records first mention Calais in the late eleventh century, with early spellings including "Calesium."
Answer: False
The name "Calais" first appears in historical records in the late twelfth century, with early spellings such as "Kaleeis," "Kalais," "Calays," and Latin forms like "Calesium" and "Calasium." The modern spelling "Calais" emerged in 1331.
Calais remained under English rule for approximately two centuries before being recaptured by France in 1558.
Answer: True
Following its capture by Edward III in 1347, Calais formally became English territory via treaty in 1360 and was subsequently recaptured by France in 1558, marking a period of English rule lasting approximately two centuries.
Calais was called the "brightest jewel in the English crown" due to its strategic military importance in defending against French invasions.
Answer: False
Calais was referred to as the "brightest jewel in the English crown" primarily due to its critical role as a gateway port facilitating the export of key English trade goods, most notably wool, which significantly contributed to the English economy and royal revenue.
The "Pale of Calais" was a region granted to English rule in perpetuity by the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360.
Answer: True
The "Pale of Calais" designated the territory surrounding the city, including Guînes and Marck, which was formally assigned to English rule in perpetuity by the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, although its implementation was not fully realized.
The "Pays Reconquis" was a territory ceded to England after the recapture of Calais by France.
Answer: False
The "Pays Reconquis" (Reconquered Country) refers to the region around Calais after its recapture by France in 1558, signifying its return to French control, not a cession to England.
Calais was made a staple port in 1363, meaning specific goods like wool had to be traded through it.
Answer: True
In 1363, Calais was designated a staple port, mandating that specific commodities, notably wool, be traded exclusively through this location, thereby reinforcing its economic ties to England.
According to historical records, when did Calais first appear, and what was a common Latin-based spelling?
Answer: Late twelfth century; Calesium
The name "Calais" first appears in historical records in the late twelfth century, with "Calesium" being one of the common Latin-based spellings used during that period.
From which year did Calais formally become English territory until its recapture by France?
Answer: 1360 to 1558
Following its capture in 1347, Calais formally became English territory through a treaty in 1360 and remained under English control until its recapture by France in 1558.
Why was Calais considered the "brightest jewel in the English crown"?
Answer: Its importance as a gateway port for key English trade goods like wool.
Calais was esteemed as the "brightest jewel in the English crown" due to its vital function as a port facilitating the export of significant English commodities, particularly wool, which was crucial for the national economy.
The "Pays Reconquis" refers to the region around Calais after:
Answer: Its recapture by France in 1558.
The designation "Pays Reconquis" (Reconquered Country) pertains to the region surrounding Calais following its recapture by French forces in 1558.
What historical claim is sometimes made regarding Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain and Calais?
Answer: The Romans called the settlement 'Caletum' and it was Caesar's departure point.
A historical claim suggests that the Romans referred to the settlement as 'Caletum' and that it served as Julius Caesar's departure point for his invasion of Britain, although "Caletum" does not appear in Caesar's own accounts.
What was the significance of Calais becoming a "staple port" in 1363?
Answer: Specific goods, particularly wool, had to be traded through this designated port.
Designating Calais as a staple port in 1363 meant that specific trade goods, most notably wool, were required to be transacted exclusively through this port, thereby solidifying its economic importance.
What was the outcome of the siege of Calais in 1558?
Answer: The city was recaptured by France.
The siege of Calais in 1558 concluded with the recapture of the city by France, marking the end of English rule.
Auguste Rodin's sculpture "The Burghers of Calais" depicts the city's surrender to the French in 1558.
Answer: False
Rodin's "The Burghers of Calais" commemorates the 1347 event where six leading citizens surrendered to King Edward III of England to spare the city, a moment later influenced by Queen Philippa's plea for their pardon.
The Place d'Armes in Calais was historically known as the "Tower Square" during English rule.
Answer: False
During the period of English rule (1347-1558), the Place d'Armes, a significant square adjacent to the watchtower, was known as Market Square, not "Tower Square."
The Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall) of Calais is built in the Flemish Renaissance style and features a 74-meter-high clock tower.
Answer: True
The Hôtel de Ville in Calais, constructed between 1911 and 1925, is indeed designed in the Flemish Renaissance style and is distinguished by its 74-meter-high clock tower and belfry.
The Église Notre-Dame in Calais is noted for being built entirely in the English perpendicular style.
Answer: False
While the Église Notre-Dame incorporates elements of the English perpendicular style, reflecting its construction during English occupancy, it is not built entirely in this style and features influences from various periods.
The Tour du Guet served as a lighthouse from the late 17th century until the mid-19th century.
Answer: True
The Tour du Guet functioned as a lighthouse from the late 17th century until 1848, when a new lighthouse was established near the port.
The Cité internationale de la Dentelle et de la Mode de Calais is a museum focused exclusively on historical fashion trends.
Answer: False
The Cité internationale de la Dentelle et de la Mode de Calais is dedicated specifically to lace and fashion, celebrating the town's heritage in lace-making, rather than general historical fashion trends.
Calais RUFC famously won the Coupe de France in the 1999/2000 season.
Answer: False
Calais RUFC reached the final of the Coupe de France in the 1999/2000 season but did not win it, losing to Nantes.
The Tour du Guet was decommissioned as a lighthouse in the early 20th century.
Answer: False
The Tour du Guet ceased its function as a lighthouse in 1848, well before the early 20th century.
The "Monument des Sauveteurs" commemorates the sinking of the submarine Pluviôse.
Answer: False
The "Monument des Sauveteurs" commemorates rescuers in general. The "Monument Le Pluviôse" specifically commemorates the sinking of the submarine Pluviôse.
The "Monument Jacquard" honors Joseph Marie Jacquard for his contributions to the textile industry through the invention of the Jacquard loom.
Answer: True
The "Monument Jacquard" in Calais honors Joseph Marie Jacquard for his pivotal invention of the Jacquard loom, which revolutionized textile pattern weaving and significantly impacted the local lace industry.
The Hôtel d'Angleterre (Dessin's) closed in the early 20th century because rail travel made stopping in Calais less necessary.
Answer: False
The Hôtel d'Angleterre (Dessin's) closed in 1860, earlier than the early 20th century, due to the advent of railway travel reducing the necessity for travelers to stop in Calais.
The Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790) used the Tour du Guet as a key observation point to link observatories in Paris and Greenwich.
Answer: True
The Tour du Guet served as a crucial observation point during the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790), facilitating a trigonometric link between the Paris Observatory and the Royal Greenwich Observatory.
The stained glass of the Église Notre-Dame was damaged during a Zeppelin bombardment in 1915.
Answer: True
During a Zeppelin bombardment on January 15, 1915, the stained glass windows of the Église Notre-Dame were shattered and fell through the roof, causing significant damage.
What significant event in Calais's history is commemorated by Auguste Rodin's sculpture "The Burghers of Calais"?
Answer: The surrender of six leading citizens to King Edward III in 1347, who were later pardoned.
Auguste Rodin's sculpture "The Burghers of Calais" commemorates the historical event in 1347 when six prominent citizens surrendered to King Edward III, ultimately receiving a pardon through the intervention of Queen Philippa.
What historical role did the Place d'Armes serve during English rule?
Answer: Market Square
During the period of English rule in Calais, the Place d'Armes functioned as the city's primary Market Square.
The Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall) in Calais is recognized for its UNESCO-protected belfry and its style, which is:
Answer: Flemish Renaissance
The Hôtel de Ville in Calais is architecturally notable for its Flemish Renaissance style, complemented by a UNESCO-protected belfry.
What architectural style is notable about the Église Notre-Dame in Calais, reflecting its history?
Answer: English perpendicular
The Église Notre-Dame in Calais exhibits the English perpendicular architectural style, a characteristic reflecting its construction during the period of English occupation.
The Tour du Guet served as a lighthouse until what year?
Answer: 1848
The Tour du Guet functioned as a lighthouse until 1848, when its role was superseded by a new lighthouse constructed near the port.
Which museum in Calais is dedicated to lace and fashion and housed in a former factory?
Answer: Cité internationale de la Dentelle et de la Mode de Calais
The Cité internationale de la Dentelle et de la Mode de Calais, situated in a former factory, is the museum dedicated to lace and fashion, celebrating the town's heritage in these industries.
What was the most significant achievement of the football club Calais RUFC?
Answer: Reaching the final of the Coupe de France in 1999/2000.
The most notable achievement of Calais RUFC was reaching the final of the Coupe de France during the 1999/2000 season, although they were ultimately defeated in the match.
The "Monument Le Pluviôse" commemorates what event?
Answer: The accidental sinking of the submarine Pluviôse.
The "Monument Le Pluviôse" is dedicated to commemorating the tragic accidental sinking of the submarine Pluviôse in May 1910, which resulted in the loss of 27 lives.
What was the purpose of the Anglo-French Survey involving the Tour du Guet?
Answer: To establish a trigonometric link between Paris and Greenwich observatories.
The Anglo-French Survey utilized the Tour du Guet as a critical observation point to establish a trigonometric connection between the observatories in Paris and Greenwich.
What happened to the stained glass of the Église Notre-Dame during a Zeppelin bombardment in 1915?
Answer: It was shattered and fell through the roof.
During a Zeppelin bombardment in 1915, the stained glass of the Église Notre-Dame was shattered, causing it to fall through the church's roof.
The primary economic drivers for Calais include its role as a major port, fishing, and the historical lace industry.
Answer: True
Calais's economy is significantly supported by its function as a major port, particularly for ferry services, its status as a notable fishing port, and the enduring importance of its lace industry.
Only P&O Ferries operates ferry services from Calais to England.
Answer: False
While P&O Ferries operates from Calais, DFDS Seaways also provides services. SeaFrance previously operated but is currently in liquidation.
The Channel Tunnel connects France and England via a rail link located near Calais.
Answer: True
The French terminal for the Channel Tunnel, a vital rail link between France and England, is situated near Calais in Coquelles, reinforcing the city's role as a key transportation nexus.
Gare de Calais-Ville is the primary station for Eurostar services connecting to London.
Answer: False
Gare de Calais-Fréthun serves as the primary station for Eurostar services connecting to London, being the first stop on mainland Europe for the high-speed rail link.
The Dover-Calais ferry route transported over 9 million passengers in 2018.
Answer: True
In 2018, the ferry route between Dover and Calais facilitated the transport of 9,168,000 passengers, underscoring its significance in cross-channel travel.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary economic driver for Calais?
Answer: Tourism
While Calais is a significant port and has a notable fishing and lace industry, tourism is not explicitly listed as a primary economic driver in the provided information.
Which of these ferry companies operated from Calais according to the source?
Answer: SeaFrance
The source indicates that SeaFrance operated ferry services from Calais, although it is noted as currently being in liquidation.
The French end of the Channel Tunnel is located near which French town?
Answer: Calais
The French terminal for the Channel Tunnel is situated near Calais, specifically in Coquelles, approximately 6.4 kilometers (4 miles) west of the city.
Which railway station serving Calais is noted as the first stop on the Eurostar line in mainland Europe?
Answer: Gare de Calais-Fréthun
Gare de Calais-Fréthun holds significance as the initial station on mainland Europe for the Eurostar service, connecting passengers to London and other European destinations via the Channel Tunnel.
What was the average annual value of Calais's exports between 1901 and 1905?
Answer: £8,388,000
The average annual value of Calais's exports during the period of 1901 to 1905 was £8,388,000.
Which of the following was a principal import into Calais in the early 20th century?
Answer: Cotton and silk goods
Principal imports into Calais during the early 20th century included commodities such as cotton and silk goods, coal, iron and steel, petroleum, timber, raw wool, and cotton yarn.
During World War II, Calais was largely spared from destruction due to its strategic importance for Allied supply lines.
Answer: False
Contrary to being spared, Calais was virtually destroyed during World War II due to extensive bombing and shelling, particularly during the German occupation and anticipation of Allied invasion.
The defense of Calais in May 1940 diverted German forces, potentially aiding the evacuation at Dunkirk.
Answer: True
The determined defense of Calais by British and French troops in May 1940 against the German 10th Panzer Division occupied German forces for several days, potentially contributing to the success of the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk by diverting resources.
The Citadel of Calais was constructed in the 16th century to serve as a royal palace.
Answer: False
The Citadel of Calais was constructed between 1560 and 1571, primarily to serve as a defensive fortification for the city, rather than as a royal palace.
Fort Risban, located at the port entrance, was initially built by the French to control sea access to Calais.
Answer: False
Fort Risban was initially constructed by the English in 1346 to restrict sea access to Calais during a siege, before being rebuilt by the French in 1640.
Calais hosts a museum dedicated solely to World War II history.
Answer: True
Calais does host a museum dedicated to World War II history, known as the Musée de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale.
The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division liberated Calais in May 1940.
Answer: False
The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division liberated Calais between September 25 and October 1, 1944, not in May 1940.
How was Calais affected during World War II?
Answer: It was largely destroyed due to extensive bombing and shelling.
During World War II, Calais suffered extensive destruction from bombing and shelling, particularly during the German occupation and the anticipation of Allied landings.
What was the significance of the defense of Calais in May 1940?
Answer: It diverted German forces, potentially aiding the Dunkirk evacuation.
The resistance put up by defending forces in Calais during May 1940 diverted German military units, which may have provided crucial assistance to the Allied evacuation efforts at Dunkirk.
Fort Risban, located at the port entrance, was originally constructed by which nation?
Answer: England
Fort Risban was initially constructed by the English in 1346 to control sea access to Calais during a siege.
The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division was responsible for the liberation of Calais during which period?
Answer: September-October 1944
The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division liberated Calais between September 25 and October 1, 1944, following a siege of the largely ruined city.
During World War I, Calais served as a crucial port for the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) for what purpose?
Answer: Supplying arms and reinforcements to the Western Front.
During World War I, Calais functioned as a vital port for the British Expeditionary Force, serving as a critical conduit for supplying arms and reinforcements to the Western Front.
The "Calais jungle" was a historical term for the city's medieval market square.
Answer: False
The "Calais jungle" was the colloquial designation for makeshift camps housing migrants attempting to reach the United Kingdom, not a medieval market square.
Calais's population has steadily increased since 1999, reaching over 73,000 in 2022.
Answer: False
The population of Calais has experienced a decrease, with the city proper recorded at 73,911 in 2017, representing a 4.4% decline from 1999. The population in 2022 was recorded as 67,585.
The merger of Saint-Pierre-lèslès-Calais with Calais in 1885 caused a significant population decrease.
Answer: False
The unification of Saint-Pierre-lèslès-Calais with Calais in 1885 resulted in a substantial population increase, elevating the city's population from 13,529 in 1881 to 58,969 in 1886, a growth of 335.9%.
Natacha Bouchart has been the mayor of Calais since 2008, initially representing the French Communist Party.
Answer: False
Natacha Bouchart has served as the mayor of Calais since 2008, but she initially represented the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) and subsequently The Republicans (LR), not the French Communist Party.
The French Communist Party held the mayoralty of Calais continuously from 1971 until 2008.
Answer: True
The mayoralty of Calais was indeed held by members of the French Communist Party without interruption from 1971 through 2008.
The "Calais migrant crisis" in 2015 primarily involved tensions between France and Germany.
Answer: False
The "Calais migrant crisis" in 2015 primarily generated tensions between France and the United Kingdom concerning border control and migration policies.
The purpose of the fencing supplied by the UK government to Calais was to deter migrants from attempting to cross into the UK via the Eurotunnel.
Answer: True
The fencing provided by the UK government to Calais was intended to enhance security and deter migrants from attempting unauthorized passage into the United Kingdom through the Eurotunnel.
The "Calais jungle" primarily housed individuals attempting to:
Answer: Enter the United Kingdom.
The "Calais jungle" camps were primarily occupied by migrants aiming to reach the United Kingdom, often by attempting to stow away on transports departing from Calais.
What demographic event significantly boosted Calais's population in 1886?
Answer: The merger with Saint-Pierre-lèslès-Calais.
The merger of Saint-Pierre-lèslès-Calais with Calais in 1885 led to a substantial increase in the city's population, which grew by 335.9% between 1881 and 1886.
Who has served as the mayor of Calais since 2008, representing The Republicans (LR) party?
Answer: Natacha Bouchart
Natacha Bouchart has held the position of mayor of Calais since 2008, representing The Republicans (LR) party.
Calais is twinned with which British town since June 1973?
Answer: Dover
Calais has been twinned with Dover, Kent, United Kingdom, since June 1973, reflecting the strong historical and geographical connections between the two port cities.
The "Calais migrant crisis" in 2015 primarily involved tensions between which two countries?
Answer: United Kingdom and France
The "Calais migrant crisis" of 2015 primarily generated tensions between the United Kingdom and France concerning border security and immigration policies.
What was the purpose of the fencing supplied by the UK government to Calais?
Answer: To deter migrants from attempting to cross into the UK via the Eurotunnel.
The fencing provided by the UK government to Calais was specifically intended to deter migrants from attempting unauthorized passage into the United Kingdom via the Eurotunnel.
The "Authority control" section in the Calais Wikipedia article refers to:
Answer: Standardized databases containing identifiers for the city.
The "Authority control" section lists standardized databases and identifiers (e.g., VIAF, GND, LoC) used for consistent cataloging and retrieval of information pertaining to Calais.