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Recent historical scholarship views Canadian Confederation as a purely pragmatic and administrative undertaking, largely devoid of ideological debate.
Answer: False
Recent historical scholarship challenges the traditional view, revealing that Canadian Confederation was not merely a pragmatic and administrative undertaking, but rather involved a rich contest of ideas concerning order, power, liberty, and national development.
All former colonies and territories involved in Canadian Confederation were initially part of New France before being acquired by the British.
Answer: True
Historically, all the former colonies and territories that eventually constituted Canadian Confederation were initially under French rule as part of New France before their acquisition by the British through various treaties and conflicts.
The British acquired present-day mainland Nova Scotia through the Treaty of Paris in 1763, after which they expelled the Acadian population.
Answer: False
The British acquired present-day mainland Nova Scotia through the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, not the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The Acadian population was expelled earlier, in 1755.
The influx of United Empire Loyalists after the U.S. War of Independence led to the creation of New Brunswick and the division of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.
Answer: True
The significant migration of United Empire Loyalists following the U.S. War of Independence necessitated administrative changes, leading to the establishment of New Brunswick in 1784 and the division of the Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada by the Constitutional Act of 1791.
Lord Durham's 1839 report recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada and the establishment of a responsible government.
Answer: True
Lord Durham's influential 1839 report indeed recommended the legislative union of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada and the implementation of responsible government, which were key steps toward future self-governance.
Newfoundland was the first British North American colony to gain responsible government in 1848.
Answer: False
Nova Scotia was the first British North American colony to be granted ministerial responsibility by Governor General Lord Elgin in 1848, preceding Newfoundland's attainment of responsible government in 1855.
Jonathan Sewell, Chief Justice of Lower Canada, proposed a federal union of British North American provinces in 1814.
Answer: True
Jonathan Sewell, then Chief Justice of Lower Canada, indeed put forth an early proposal for a federal union of British North American provinces in 1814, demonstrating early conceptualizations of a unified Canada.
How has recent scholarship challenged the traditional view of Confederation's origins?
Answer: It has revealed a rich contest of ideas beneath the politicking.
Recent historical scholarship has moved beyond the traditional view of Confederation as a purely administrative act, uncovering a complex interplay of competing ideas and ideologies that shaped its origins and development.
What was the initial colonial background of all the territories that eventually formed Canada?
Answer: They were all initially part of New France.
The territories that eventually comprised Canada shared a common initial colonial background, having all been part of New France before their acquisition by the British Empire.
How did the British acquire present-day mainland Nova Scotia?
Answer: Through the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
The British acquired present-day mainland Nova Scotia through the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, a significant territorial transfer that predates the later Treaty of Paris.
What significant recommendation did Lord Durham make in his 1839 report?
Answer: That Upper and Lower Canada be united and have responsible government.
Lord Durham's 1839 report famously recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada and the establishment of responsible government, laying crucial groundwork for future constitutional development.
Which of the following colonies was the first to be granted ministerial responsibility by Governor General Lord Elgin in 1848?
Answer: Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia holds the distinction of being the first British North American colony to be granted ministerial responsibility by Governor General Lord Elgin in 1848, a pivotal step towards self-governance.
Who made an early proposal for a federal union of British North American provinces in 1814?
Answer: Jonathan Sewell
Jonathan Sewell, then Chief Justice of Lower Canada, is credited with making an early proposal for a federal union of British North American provinces in 1814, predating many of the more commonly cited Confederation discussions.
The political impasse in the Province of Canada was primarily caused by the necessity of maintaining a double legislative majority from both Canada East and Canada West delegates.
Answer: True
The political deadlock in the Province of Canada stemmed from the requirement for a double legislative majority, necessitating separate majorities from both Canada East (Quebec) and Canada West (Ontario), which made effective governance exceedingly difficult.
The cancellation of the Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty in 1866 increased economic stability for the colonies, reducing the urgency for federal unification.
Answer: False
The cancellation of the Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty in 1866 actually increased economic vulnerability for the colonies, thereby intensifying the urgency for federal unification to secure new markets and foster economic development.
The Maritime colonies advocated for the construction of an intercolonial railway to connect their trade with the St. Lawrence region and an ice-free Atlantic port.
Answer: True
The Maritime colonies indeed strongly advocated for an intercolonial railway, recognizing its potential to link their trade with the St. Lawrence region and provide access to an ice-free Atlantic port, crucial for year-round commerce.
The 'Great Coalition' of 1864 was formed to oppose the idea of federal union and maintain the existing political system in the Province of Canada.
Answer: False
The 'Great Coalition' of 1864 was formed precisely to address the legislative deadlock in the Province of Canada and to reform the political system, ultimately leading to the pursuit of federal union, rather than opposing it.
The St. Albans Raid in October 1864, involving Confederate soldiers from Canada, created tension with the United States and highlighted British North American security concerns.
Answer: True
The St. Albans Raid, a cross-border incursion by Confederate soldiers from Canada into Vermont in October 1864, indeed generated significant diplomatic tension with the United States and underscored the pressing security vulnerabilities of British North America.
British Colonial Secretary Edward Cardwell actively discouraged Confederation, believing it would increase Britain's defense costs in the colonies.
Answer: False
British Colonial Secretary Edward Cardwell actively encouraged Confederation, sending a dispatch to the Maritime provinces that emphasized its importance for imperial defense, thereby seeking to reduce, not increase, Britain's defense burden.
What internal political issue in the Province of Canada contributed to the push for federal unification?
Answer: The necessity of maintaining a double legislative majority.
The political impasse in the Province of Canada, primarily caused by the requirement for a double legislative majority from both Canada East and Canada West, was a significant internal factor driving the push for federal unification.
What economic event in 1866 sharpened the colonies' desire for federal unification?
Answer: The cancellation of the Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty.
The cancellation of the Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty in 1866 significantly heightened the economic vulnerability of the British North American colonies, thereby intensifying their desire for federal unification to secure new economic opportunities.
What infrastructure project was a key demand from the Maritime colonies during the Confederation discussions?
Answer: The construction of an intercolonial railway.
The construction of an intercolonial railway was a critical demand from the Maritime colonies during the Confederation discussions, envisioned as a vital link for trade between the St. Lawrence region and an ice-free Atlantic port.
What was the primary reason for the formation of the 'Great Coalition' in the Province of Canada in 1864?
Answer: To address legislative deadlock and reform the political system.
The 'Great Coalition' of 1864 was formed in the Province of Canada primarily to overcome the severe legislative deadlock that had rendered governance impractical and to implement fundamental reforms to the political system.
What event in October 1864 involved Confederate soldiers conducting a cross-border raid from Canada into Vermont, causing tension with the U.S.?
Answer: The St. Albans Raid
The St. Albans Raid in October 1864, a cross-border incursion by Confederate soldiers from Canadian territory into Vermont, significantly escalated tensions with the United States and underscored the security vulnerabilities of British North America.
How did the British Colonial Secretary, Edward Cardwell, influence the Confederation process in June 1865?
Answer: He sent a dispatch urging the Maritime provinces to accept Confederation for imperial defense.
In June 1865, British Colonial Secretary Edward Cardwell exerted significant imperial influence by dispatching a message to the Maritime provinces, strongly advocating for their acceptance of Confederation on the grounds of imperial defense.
The original Fathers of Confederation are defined as delegates who attended any of the conferences at Charlottetown, Quebec (1864), or London (1866).
Answer: True
The 'original Fathers of Confederation' are precisely defined as those delegates who participated in the pivotal conferences held at Charlottetown and Quebec in 1864, or in London in 1866, which directly shaped the union.
The Charlottetown Conference was initially convened to discuss the union of all British North American colonies, including the Province of Canada.
Answer: False
The Charlottetown Conference was initially convened to discuss the possibility of a Maritime Union among New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The Province of Canada's delegation joined later, expanding the scope of discussions to a broader union.
At the Charlottetown Conference, the Canadian delegation proposed a bicameral system with representation by population in both the Lower and Upper Houses.
Answer: False
At the Charlottetown Conference, the Canadian delegation proposed a bicameral system with representation by population in the Lower House, but advocated for regional equality, not representation by population, in the Upper House (Senate).
Maritime politicians found the Canadian delegation's proposals for the central government assuming provincial debts and the construction of an intercolonial railway attractive at Charlottetown.
Answer: True
The Canadian delegation's proposals at Charlottetown, particularly the central government's assumption of provincial debts and the commitment to an intercolonial railway, were indeed attractive to Maritime politicians, addressing key financial and infrastructure needs.
Delegates at the Quebec Conference decided against a popular vote on the resolutions because they believed it would be easily passed and unnecessary.
Answer: False
Delegates at the Quebec Conference decided against a popular vote on the resolutions precisely because they feared it would likely be defeated due to existing regional and religious divisions, not because they believed it would be easily passed.
Newfoundland was not present at the Quebec Conference, having only joined the Confederation discussions at the London Conference.
Answer: False
Newfoundland was indeed present at the Quebec Conference in October 1864, marking its first attendance at the Confederation discussions, having not participated in the earlier Charlottetown Conference.
The issue of Senate representation at the Quebec Conference was resolved by granting Prince Edward Island additional senators upon joining.
Answer: False
The contentious issue of Senate representation at the Quebec Conference was resolved by granting Newfoundland, not Prince Edward Island, four senators upon its eventual joining, as part of a compromise proposed by John A. Macdonald.
By the time of the London Conference in 1866, all five initial provinces had passed union resolutions, including Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.
Answer: False
By the London Conference in 1866, while the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia had passed union resolutions, both Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland had explicitly opted against joining Confederation at that time.
Queen Victoria expressed disinterest in Confederation, viewing it as a colonial matter of little imperial consequence.
Answer: False
Queen Victoria, far from being disinterested, expressed deep interest in Canadian Confederation, granting private audiences to delegates and conveying her belief that it would lead to the provinces' greatness and prosperity.
Who are generally considered the 'original Fathers of Confederation'?
Answer: Delegates who attended the Charlottetown, Quebec, or London Conferences.
The 'original Fathers of Confederation' are historically recognized as those delegates who participated in the foundational conferences at Charlottetown, Quebec, or London, which directly led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada.
What was the initial purpose of the Charlottetown Conference in 1864?
Answer: To discuss the idea of a Maritime Union among New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.
The Charlottetown Conference in 1864 was originally convened with the specific objective of discussing a Maritime Union among New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, before its scope expanded to include broader federal union discussions.
Which of the following was NOT a proposal made by the Canadian delegation at the Charlottetown Conference regarding governmental structure?
Answer: A unicameral system with representation by population.
At the Charlottetown Conference, the Canadian delegation proposed a *bicameral* system with representation by population in the Lower House and regional equality in the Upper House, making a unicameral system contrary to their proposals.
Why did delegates at the Quebec Conference decide against a popular vote on the resolutions?
Answer: They feared a popular vote would likely be defeated due to existing divisions.
The delegates at the Quebec Conference opted against a popular vote on the resolutions due to concerns that deep-seated regional and religious divisions would likely lead to its defeat, thereby jeopardizing the entire Confederation project.
What issue regarding the Senate nearly derailed the Quebec Conference?
Answer: The representation of Maritime provinces, especially with Newfoundland's addition.
The question of Senate representation, particularly how to ensure equitable representation for the Maritime provinces without diluting their influence with Newfoundland's inclusion, was a critical point of contention that nearly jeopardized the Quebec Conference.
Which two provinces had NOT passed union resolutions before the London Conference in 1866?
Answer: Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland
Prior to the London Conference in 1866, both Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland had not yet passed union resolutions, indicating their continued reluctance to join the proposed Confederation at that stage.
Canadian Confederation was the process by which four British North American provinces were initially united into the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867.
Answer: False
Canadian Confederation initially united three British North American provinces: the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The Province of Canada was subsequently divided into Ontario and Quebec, resulting in four provinces upon the official date of Confederation.
The British North America Act, 1867, was based on resolutions from the 1864 Quebec Conference and the 1866 London Conference.
Answer: True
The British North America Act, 1867, was indeed founded upon the resolutions developed at the 1864 Quebec Conference, which were subsequently reviewed and approved with revisions at the 1866 London Conference.
Immediately after Confederation on July 1, 1867, Canada comprised five provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.
Answer: False
Upon Confederation on July 1, 1867, Canada was initially composed of four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Prince Edward Island joined later, in 1873.
The motto "peace, order, and good government" was adopted from the American constitutional framework to reflect Canada's desire for stability.
Answer: False
The motto 'peace, order, and good government' is a unique Canadian constitutional formulation, reflecting a distinct desire for stability and effective governance, rather than being adopted from the American framework.
In contemporary political theory, the term 'confederation' accurately describes Canada's structure as a loose alliance of independent states.
Answer: False
In contemporary political theory, 'confederation' denotes a loose alliance of sovereign states. Canada, however, is a federation with a central government and provincial governments, making the term 'confederation' in its theoretical sense an inaccurate description of its governmental structure.
John A. Macdonald preferred a monarchical system for Canada, believing a sovereign would be above party politics, unlike an American-style president.
Answer: True
John A. Macdonald indeed favored a monarchical system for Canada, articulating his belief that a sovereign, being above partisan politics, would serve as a unifying national head, in contrast to a party-leader president in the American model.
The 4th Earl of Carnarvon, along with key Canadian figures, played a central role in drafting the British North America Act at Highclere Castle.
Answer: True
The 4th Earl of Carnarvon indeed played a pivotal role in the drafting of the British North America Act at Highclere Castle, collaborating with prominent Canadian figures such as John A. Macdonald, George-Étienne Cartier, and Alexander Tilloch Galt.
The term 'Kingdom' was chosen for Canada to signify its self-governing status within the British Empire, despite initial objections from the Colonial Office.
Answer: False
The term 'Dominion' was ultimately chosen for Canada, as the Colonial Office opposed 'Kingdom' as 'premature' and 'pretentious,' fearing it might provoke the United States. 'Dominion' was selected to denote Canada's self-governing status within the British Empire.
The British North America Act received royal assent on July 1, 1867, the same day the union of the provinces officially took effect.
Answer: False
The British North America Act received royal assent on March 29, 1867, while the union of the provinces officially took effect later, on July 1, 1867.
The Constitution Act, 1867, included provisions for the 'continuance of existing laws' to prevent a legislative vacuum during the transition to Confederation.
Answer: True
To ensure legal continuity and prevent a legislative vacuum during the transition, the Constitution Act, 1867, incorporated provisions for the 'continuance of existing laws' from the initial colonies until new federal legislation could be enacted.
Which three British North American provinces were initially united to form the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867?
Answer: Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
On July 1, 1867, the Dominion of Canada was formed by the union of three British North American provinces: the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
What legislative act formalized Canadian Confederation?
Answer: The British North America Act, 1867
Canadian Confederation was formalized by the British North America Act, 1867, which served as the foundational constitutional document for the new Dominion.
Which of the following provinces was NOT one of the four that constituted Canada immediately after Confederation on July 1, 1867?
Answer: Prince Edward Island
Upon Confederation on July 1, 1867, Canada was formed by Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Prince Edward Island joined the Dominion later, in 1873.
What distinct motto emerged as an expression of Canadian constitutional government?
Answer: Peace, order, and good government
The phrase 'peace, order, and good government' became a distinctive motto and a foundational principle of Canadian constitutional government, reflecting a national aspiration for stability and effective governance.
What was John A. Macdonald's primary argument for preferring a monarchical system over the American presidential system for Canada?
Answer: A sovereign would be placed above party politics, unlike a party-leader president.
John A. Macdonald advocated for a monarchical system, arguing that a sovereign would transcend partisan politics, providing a stable and unifying head of state, a distinct advantage over the perceived divisiveness of an American-style party-leader president.
Who played a central role in drafting the British North America Act at Highclere Castle?
Answer: The 4th Earl of Carnarvon
The 4th Earl of Carnarvon, in collaboration with key Canadian delegates, played a central and instrumental role in the drafting of the British North America Act at Highclere Castle.
Why was the term 'Dominion' chosen for Canada instead of 'Kingdom'?
Answer: The Colonial Office opposed 'Kingdom' as 'premature' and 'pretentious'.
The term 'Dominion' was selected for Canada primarily because the British Colonial Office deemed 'Kingdom' to be 'premature' and 'pretentious,' fearing it could provoke negative reactions from the United States.
When did the British North America Act receive royal assent?
Answer: March 29, 1867
The British North America Act received royal assent on March 29, 1867, formally enacting the legislation that would establish the Dominion of Canada.
British Columbia joined Confederation before Manitoba, making it the first province to join after the initial four.
Answer: False
Manitoba joined Confederation on July 15, 1870, preceding British Columbia, which joined on July 20, 1871. Therefore, Manitoba was the first province to join after the initial four.
Prince Edward Island joined Confederation primarily due to a strong ideological commitment to federal union, despite its economic prosperity.
Answer: False
Prince Edward Island's decision to join Confederation in 1873 was primarily driven by pressing financial difficulties and the attractive offer of monetary benefits and a guaranteed ferry link, rather than a strong ideological commitment or economic prosperity.
Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949, having previously been known as the Dominion of Newfoundland.
Answer: True
Newfoundland, previously known as the Dominion of Newfoundland, formally joined Canada on March 31, 1949, through an act of the Imperial Parliament.
The Canadian government acquired Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory directly from the British Crown in 1869.
Answer: False
The Canadian government did not acquire Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory directly from the British Crown. Instead, the Crown first acquired these vast territories from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869-1870, subsequently transferring jurisdiction to the Dominion of Canada.
The Yukon Territory was formed primarily to establish a permanent capital for the North-West Territories.
Answer: False
The Yukon Territory was primarily formed during the Klondike gold rush to regulate the influx of people and to facilitate the taxation of gold findings, rather than to establish a permanent capital for the North-West Territories.
In what order did Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island join Confederation?
Answer: Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island
The provinces of Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island joined Confederation in a specific sequence: Manitoba in 1870, followed by British Columbia in 1871, and finally Prince Edward Island in 1873.
What was a primary reason for Prince Edward Island's decision to join Confederation in 1873?
Answer: Significant financial struggles and the offer of monetary benefits.
Prince Edward Island's entry into Confederation in 1873 was primarily motivated by severe financial difficulties and the attractive offer of monetary benefits and a guaranteed ferry link from the federal government.
When did Newfoundland (later Newfoundland and Labrador) join Canada?
Answer: March 31, 1949
Newfoundland, subsequently renamed Newfoundland and Labrador, officially joined Canada on March 31, 1949, marking the final major addition to the Dominion.
From whom did the Crown acquire Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory before transferring them to Canada?
Answer: The Hudson's Bay Company
The British Crown acquired the vast territories of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory from the Hudson's Bay Company before subsequently transferring their jurisdiction to the Dominion of Canada.
What was the primary reason for the formation of the Yukon Territory?
Answer: To regulate migration and tax gold findings during the Klondike gold rush.
The Yukon Territory was established primarily in response to the Klondike gold rush, with the Canadian government aiming to regulate the substantial influx of migrants and to effectively tax the gold discoveries in the region.
After Confederation, Canada immediately gained full independence, including control over its foreign policy and the ability to amend its own constitution.
Answer: False
Following Confederation, Canada achieved significant self-governance within the British Empire, but it did not immediately gain full independence. Foreign policy, the highest court of appeal, and the power to amend its constitution remained with Britain until later constitutional developments.
The Constitution Act, 1982, renamed the British North America Act, 1867, to the Constitution Act, 1867, and is itself a principal document of Canada's constitution.
Answer: True
The Constitution Act, 1982, indeed renamed its predecessor, the British North America Act, 1867, to the Constitution Act, 1867, and stands as a fundamental document within Canada's constitutional framework.
Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867, grants provinces jurisdiction over banking and criminal law, while Section 92 covers local works and property.
Answer: False
Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867, assigns jurisdiction over banking and criminal law to the federal Parliament, while Section 92 delineates provincial jurisdiction, including local works and property. The question reverses these assignments.
Indigenous communities' rights were fully recognized and integrated into the Confederation process from its inception in 1867.
Answer: False
Indigenous communities' rights were largely disregarded during the Confederation process, leading to a legacy of colonialism, broken treaties, and forced assimilation, with recognition and enshrinement of treaty rights occurring much later in the 20th century.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was established to investigate the economic benefits Indigenous peoples received from the residential school system.
Answer: False
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was established to confront the profound and devastating effects of the residential school system on Indigenous peoples, aiming to promote healing and reconciliation, not to investigate economic benefits.
What was the initial extent of Canada's autonomy after Confederation?
Answer: Canada was a self-governing entity within the British Empire, but foreign policy, highest court, and constitutional amendments remained with Britain.
Initially, after Confederation, Canada functioned as a self-governing entity within the British Empire, possessing autonomy over domestic affairs, but imperial control persisted over foreign policy, the highest court of appeal, and the power to amend its constitution.
According to the Supreme Court of Canada, when did Canadian sovereignty achieve nearly full independence?
Answer: After its separate signature of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and the Statute of Westminster, 1931.
The Supreme Court of Canada identifies the period between Canada's separate signature of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and the enactment of the Statute of Westminster in 1931 as the era when Canadian sovereignty achieved nearly full independence.
Which section of the Constitution Act, 1867, grants the federal Parliament jurisdiction over areas like banking and criminal law?
Answer: Section 91
Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867, is the constitutional provision that enumerates the exclusive legislative authority of the federal Parliament, including critical areas such as banking and criminal law.
How were Indigenous communities generally treated during the Confederation process?
Answer: They were largely ignored, leading to colonialism and broken treaties.
During the Confederation process, Indigenous communities were largely marginalized, their rights and concerns often ignored, which contributed to a legacy of colonialism, land dispossession, and broken treaties.
What was the purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada?
Answer: To address the effects of the residential school system and promote reconciliation.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was established with the crucial mandate to investigate and address the profound and lasting impacts of the residential school system on Indigenous peoples, with the ultimate goal of fostering reconciliation.
The Anti-Confederation Party in Nova Scotia won a significant majority of federal and provincial seats immediately after Confederation, opposing the union.
Answer: True
In the immediate aftermath of Confederation, the Anti-Confederation Party in Nova Scotia achieved a substantial electoral victory, securing 18 out of 19 federal seats and 36 out of 38 provincial seats, reflecting strong opposition to the union.
In the New Brunswick election of early 1865, the pro-Confederation government of Premier Tilley secured a strong mandate for union.
Answer: False
In the New Brunswick election of early 1865, the pro-Confederation government led by Premier Tilley was actually defeated by an Anti-Confederation group, indicating a lack of popular mandate for union at that time.
Prince Edward Island's Legislative Assembly rejected Confederation in March 1865 by a significant margin, with Premier J.C. Pope leading the opposition.
Answer: True
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, under the leadership of Premier J.C. Pope, decisively rejected Confederation in March 1865 with a vote of 23 to 5, demonstrating strong initial opposition on the island.
What was the political outcome in Nova Scotia following the first federal elections in September 1867?
Answer: The Anti-Confederation Party won 18 out of 19 federal seats.
In the first federal elections following Confederation, Nova Scotia demonstrated strong opposition to the union, with the Anti-Confederation Party securing a decisive victory, winning 18 of the 19 federal seats allocated to the province.
What was the outcome of the New Brunswick election in early 1865 regarding Confederation?
Answer: The pro-Confederation government was defeated by an Anti-Confederation group.
In the New Brunswick election of early 1865, the pro-Confederation government suffered a defeat at the hands of an Anti-Confederation group, demonstrating significant popular resistance to the proposed union at that time.
What was the result of the New Brunswick election in May-June 1866?
Answer: The pro-Confederation group won with a significant majority.
Following the dissolution of the Assembly, the New Brunswick election in May-June 1866 saw a reversal of fortunes, with the pro-Confederation group securing a significant majority, thereby paving the way for the province's entry into the union.