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The Cape Colony was initially established by the British in 1652 as a strategic port for their East India Company.
Answer: False
The Cape Colony was initially established in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), not the British East India Company, as a trading post and naval victualing station.
Jan van Riebeeck's expedition in 1652 was primarily aimed at establishing a permanent agricultural settlement for Dutch farmers.
Answer: False
Jan van Riebeeck's primary objective in 1652 was to secure a harbor of refuge for Dutch East India Company (VOC) ships, providing supplies and a safe haven during their voyages, rather than establishing a permanent agricultural settlement.
The *vrijburgers* were former Dutch East India Company employees who were granted land and tax exemptions to farm within the colony's borders.
Answer: True
The *vrijburgers* were former Dutch East India Company employees who settled as farmers, receiving tax-exempt status and loans of tools and seeds in exchange for farming land within the colony for at least twenty years.
The 'Huguenot experiment' was considered a great success by colonial authorities due to the Huguenots' extensive agricultural experience.
Answer: False
The 'Huguenot experiment' was deemed a failure by colonial authorities because many Huguenot arrivals had little experience with agriculture and became a burden on the colonial government.
Cultural assimilation among the diverse *vrijburger* population in the Dutch Cape Colony was primarily driven by the adoption of the English language.
Answer: False
Cultural assimilation among the diverse *vrijburger* population was primarily driven by the almost universal adoption of the Dutch language, reflecting its dominant cultural influence.
Boers were colonists who settled directly on the frontier and became increasingly independent, with some adopting a nomadic lifestyle as *trekboers*.
Answer: True
Boers were frontier colonists who became increasingly independent, with some adopting a permanent nomadic lifestyle and being denoted as *trekboers*.
The VOC colonial period was characterized by peaceful coexistence and trade agreements with the Khoe-speaking indigenes and Xhosa.
Answer: False
The VOC colonial period was marked by bitter, often genocidal conflicts between colonists and the Khoe-speaking indigenes and Xhosa, who were perceived as competitors for prime farmland.
By the end of the eighteenth century, the slave population at the Cape of Good Hope was significantly smaller than the European descent population.
Answer: False
By the end of the eighteenth century, the Cape's population included approximately 26,000 people of European descent and 30,000 enslaved individuals, indicating a roughly equal or slightly larger slave population.
Which entity established the original Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652?
Answer: Dutch East India Company (VOC)
The original Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 was established by an expedition of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) led by Jan van Riebeeck.
What was the primary objective of Jan van Riebeeck's expedition to the Cape in 1652?
Answer: To secure a harbor of refuge for VOC ships during their voyages.
Jan van Riebeeck's primary objective in 1652 was to secure a harbor of refuge for Dutch East India Company (VOC) ships, providing essential supplies and a safe haven during their long voyages between Europe and Asia.
Who were the *vrijburgers* in the Dutch Cape Colony?
Answer: Former Dutch East India Company employees who settled as farmers.
The *vrijburgers* were former Dutch East India Company employees who settled in the colonies as farmers after completing their service contracts.
Why was the 'Huguenot experiment' deemed a failure by colonial authorities?
Answer: Many had little experience with agriculture and became a burden.
The 'Huguenot experiment' was deemed a failure by colonial authorities because many Huguenot arrivals had little experience with agriculture and consequently became a burden on the colonial government.
What characterized the conflicts during the VOC colonial period regarding indigenous populations?
Answer: Bitter, genocidal conflicts over prime farmland.
The VOC colonial period was characterized by bitter, often genocidal conflicts between the colonists and the Khoe-speaking indigenes and Xhosa, who were perceived as unwanted competitors for prime farmland.
What was the approximate ratio of people of European descent to slaves at the Cape of Good Hope by the end of the eighteenth century?
Answer: Roughly equal (26,000 European descent to 30,000 slaves).
By the end of the eighteenth century, the Cape's population consisted of approximately 26,000 people of European descent and 30,000 enslaved individuals, indicating a roughly equal ratio.
What was the name given to the migrating farmers who adopted a permanent nomadic lifestyle in the Dutch colonial period?
Answer: Trekboers
Some Boers adopted a permanent nomadic lifestyle and were specifically denoted as *trekboers* ('migrating farmers') during the Dutch colonial period.
Under British rule, the Cape Colony was always directly governed by Britain as a Crown colony, never achieving self-governing status.
Answer: False
While initially a Crown colony, the Cape Colony became a self-governing colony in 1872, establishing its own elected government for internal affairs.
Great Britain's initial occupation of the Cape Colony in 1795 was a direct response to a request for protection from the Dutch East India Company.
Answer: False
Great Britain's initial occupation of the Cape Colony in 1795 was a strategic response to France's occupation of the Seven Provinces of the Dutch Republic, aiming to control sea routes and prevent French access to India.
The British took control of the Cape Colony in 1795 after defeating the VOC militia at the Battle of Muizenberg.
Answer: True
The British gained control of the Cape Colony in 1795 following their defeat of the VOC militia at the Battle of Muizenberg.
The British returned the Cape of Good Hope to the Batavian Republic in 1803 due to a major military defeat.
Answer: False
The British returned the Cape of Good Hope to the Batavian Republic in 1803 under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens, reflecting improved diplomatic relations, not a military defeat.
The British re-occupied the Cape in 1806 to support Napoleon's influence on the Batavian Republic.
Answer: False
The British re-occupied the Cape in 1806 to prevent Napoleon from gaining control of the Cape and the Far East trade routes, as his influence on the Batavian Republic was strengthening, not to support him.
British possession of the Cape was formally affirmed in 1814 by the Convention of London.
Answer: True
British possession of the Cape was formally affirmed in 1814 under the terms of the Convention of London, solidifying their control over the colony.
The British successfully abolished slavery in the Cape Colony in 1834 and completely ended settler violence against the San people.
Answer: False
While the British abolished slavery in 1834, the government largely failed to control settler violence against the San people, which continued unabated.
The 'Great Trek' was a mass migration of Boers inland, primarily motivated by their desire to expand British influence.
Answer: False
The 'Great Trek' was primarily motivated by the Boers' resentment against British social changes, such as the abolition of slavery and the imposition of English language and culture, not a desire to expand British influence.
The Xhosa Wars concluded when the Xhosa people, in a belief that it would awaken their ancestors, destroyed their own crops and cattle, leading to famine and border stability.
Answer: True
The Xhosa Wars concluded when the Xhosa people, believing it would awaken their ancestors, engaged in a mass destruction of their crops and cattle, resulting in famine and a subsequent period of border stability.
The Cape Colony gained representative government in 1853 and elected its first parliament based on a franchise restricted to white male property owners.
Answer: False
The Cape Colony gained representative government in 1853 and elected its first parliament based on the multi-racial Cape Qualified Franchise, which allowed residents to qualify as voters based on property ownership, regardless of race.
Before achieving responsible government, executive power in the Cape Colony was shared equally between the British governor and an elected local council.
Answer: False
Before achieving responsible government, executive power in the Cape Colony remained entirely with the British governor, not shared equally with an elected local council.
When did the Cape Colony become a self-governing colony under British rule?
Answer: 1872
The Cape Colony transitioned from a Crown colony to a self-governing colony under British rule in 1872, establishing its own elected government for internal affairs.
What event led to Great Britain's initial occupation of the Cape Colony in 1795?
Answer: France's occupation of the Seven Provinces of the Dutch Republic.
Great Britain's initial occupation of the Cape Colony in 1795 was a strategic response to France's occupation of the Seven Provinces of the Dutch Republic, the mother country of the Dutch United East India Company.
Which battle resulted in the British taking control of the Cape Colony in 1795?
Answer: Battle of Muizenberg
The British gained control of the Cape Colony in 1795 following their defeat of the VOC militia at the Battle of Muizenberg.
Why did the British return the Cape of Good Hope to the Batavian Republic in 1803?
Answer: Under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens, reflecting improving relations.
The British returned the Cape of Good Hope to the Batavian Republic in 1803 under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens, which reflected improving relations between Britain and Napoleonic France, and its vassal state.
When was British possession of the Cape formally affirmed?
Answer: 1814
British possession of the Cape was formally affirmed in 1814 under the terms of the Convention of London.
What significant social change did the British introduce in the Cape Colony in 1834?
Answer: Abolition of slavery.
The British introduced the abolition of slavery in the Cape Colony in 1834 as a significant social change.
What was the primary cause of the 'Great Trek'?
Answer: Resentment against British social changes like the abolition of slavery.
The 'Great Trek' was primarily caused by the Boers' resentment against British social changes, including the abolition of slavery and the imposition of English language and culture.
How did the Xhosa Wars finally conclude, leading to a period of stability?
Answer: When the Xhosa destroyed their own crops and cattle, leading to famine.
The Xhosa Wars concluded when the Xhosa people, in a belief that it would awaken their ancestors, destroyed their own crops and cattle, resulting in famine and a subsequent long period of border stability.
What was the basis of the Cape Qualified Franchise established in 1854?
Answer: A minimum level of property ownership, regardless of race.
The Cape Qualified Franchise, established in 1854, allowed residents to qualify as voters based on a universal minimum level of property ownership, regardless of their race.
What was the political status of the Cape Colony immediately after the British re-occupation in 1806?
Answer: A Crown colony of the British Empire
Under British rule, the Cape Colony was initially a Crown colony of the British Empire, a status it held immediately after the re-occupation in 1806.
What was the main reason for the British re-occupation of the Cape in 1806?
Answer: To prevent Napoleon from gaining control of the Cape and Far East trade routes.
The British re-occupied the Cape in 1806 primarily to prevent Napoleon from gaining control of the Cape and the strategically important Far East trade routes, as his influence on the Batavian Republic was strengthening.
Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands were incorporated into the Cape Colony starting from 1878, despite being located in present-day Namibia.
Answer: True
From 1878, the Cape Colony incorporated the enclaves of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands, both situated in what is now Namibia, as strategic and economic additions.
John Molteno became the first Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope in 1872, marking the beginning of responsible government.
Answer: True
John Molteno became the first Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope in 1872, a pivotal moment that marked the achievement of responsible government for the colony.
The establishment of responsible government in 1872 led to increased ethnic tensions and a decline in economic growth.
Answer: False
The establishment of responsible government in 1872 led to a period of strong economic growth, social development, resolution of eastern-western divisions, and a subsidence of ethnic tensions, not an increase.
In 1877, the Cape Colony annexed the territories of Griqualand West and Griqualand East, including the Mount Currie district.
Answer: True
In 1877, the Cape Colony expanded its territory by annexing Griqualand West and Griqualand East, which included the Mount Currie district (Kokstad).
The Warren Expedition of 1885 aimed to establish a new trade route to the interior, not to annex Boer republics.
Answer: False
The Warren Expedition of 1885 was sent to annex the Boer mini-republics of Stellaland and Goshen, which had emerged along the Missionary Road, and to proclaim a protectorate, not to establish a new trade route.
Vryburg, the former capital of Stellaland, became the capital of British Bechuanaland, while Mafeking served as its administrative center.
Answer: True
Vryburg, previously the capital of Stellaland, became the capital of British Bechuanaland, with Mafeking (Mahikeng) serving as its administrative center, despite being located south of the protectorate border.
British Bechuanaland was incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1895, further extending the colony's northern borders.
Answer: True
British Bechuanaland was incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1895, which indeed further extended the colony's northern borders.
The discovery of coal in the Transvaal and copper in Kimberley led to renewed stability and economic prosperity in the Cape Colony.
Answer: False
The discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to renewed instability in the region and fueled the rise of Cecil Rhodes, not stability and prosperity from coal and copper.
Cecil Rhodes's primary ambition as Prime Minister was to promote self-governance for all African territories, not British expansion.
Answer: False
Cecil Rhodes's primary ambition as Prime Minister in 1890 was to instigate a rapid expansion of British influence into the hinterland, specifically aiming for the conquest of the Transvaal, not to promote self-governance for all African territories.
The Jameson Raid was a successful military operation that solidified Cecil Rhodes's political power and prevented the Second Boer War.
Answer: False
The Jameson Raid was an ill-fated and failed military operation that led to the downfall of Cecil Rhodes's government and significantly contributed to the tensions that ultimately led to the Second Boer War.
Cecil Rhodes introduced policies that expanded the political rights of Black African citizens in the Cape of Good Hope.
Answer: False
Cecil Rhodes introduced the first formal restrictions on the political rights of the Cape of Good Hope's Black African citizens, marking a regressive step for the multi-racial franchise.
Which two enclaves, located in present-day Namibia, were included in the Cape Colony from 1878?
Answer: Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands
From 1878, the Cape Colony incorporated the enclaves of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands, both situated in what is now Namibia.
Who became the first Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope when it achieved responsible government in 1872?
Answer: John Charles Molteno
John Charles Molteno became the first Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope in 1872, marking the beginning of responsible government for the colony.
Which territories were annexed by the Cape Colony in 1877?
Answer: Griqualand West and Griqualand East
In 1877, the Cape Colony expanded its territory by annexing Griqualand West and Griqualand East, including the Mount Currie district.
When did British Bechuanaland become part of the Cape Colony?
Answer: 1895
British Bechuanaland was incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1895, further extending the colony's northern borders.
What discoveries led to renewed instability and the rise of Cecil Rhodes in the Cape Colony?
Answer: Diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal.
The discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to renewed instability in the region and fueled the rise to power of Cecil Rhodes.
What was the outcome of Cecil Rhodes's Jameson Raid?
Answer: It led to the downfall of his government and contributed to the Second Boer War.
Cecil Rhodes's ill-fated Jameson Raid failed, leading to the downfall of his government and significantly contributing to the tensions that ultimately led to the Second Boer War.
How did Cecil Rhodes impact the political rights of Black African citizens in the Cape of Good Hope?
Answer: He introduced the first formal restrictions on their political rights.
Cecil Rhodes introduced the first formal restrictions on the political rights of the Cape of Good Hope's Black African citizens, marking a regressive step for the multi-racial franchise.
What was one of the positive outcomes following the establishment of responsible government in 1872?
Answer: Resolution of the eastern-western division and strong economic growth.
Following the establishment of responsible government in 1872, the Cape Colony experienced strong economic growth, social development, and the resolution of the eastern-western division.
What was the administrative center of the British Bechuanaland protectorate, although situated south of its border?
Answer: Mafeking
Mafeking (now Mahikeng) served as the administrative center of the British Bechuanaland protectorate, despite being situated south of its border.
English was the sole official language of the Cape Colony throughout its entire existence under British rule.
Answer: False
Initially, Dutch was the sole official language until 1822. Although English replaced Dutch, Dutch was re-included as a second official language in 1882.
Cape Town served as the capital city of the Cape Colony, strategically located at the southern tip of Africa.
Answer: True
Cape Town, a significant port city at the southern tip of Africa, served as the capital city of the Cape Colony.
The Cape Colony's geographical extent was limited to a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast, not reaching inland or eastward significantly.
Answer: False
The Cape Colony stretched from the Atlantic coast inland and eastward along the southern coast, eventually encompassing approximately half of modern South Africa, with its eastern boundary at the Fish River and northern boundary at the Orange River.
At the time of British occupation in 1806, the white colonial population of the Cape Colony numbered over 100,000 people.
Answer: False
At the time of British occupation in 1806, the white colonial population was small, numbering no more than 25,000 people.
George Macartney served as a Governor of the Cape Colony from 1797 to 1798, appointed by the British Crown.
Answer: True
George Macartney served as a Governor of the Cape Colony from 1797 to 1798, holding the position as the chief executive officer appointed by the British Crown.
John X. Merriman was the first Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, serving from 1872 to 1878.
Answer: False
John Charles Molteno was the first Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, serving from 1872 to 1878. John X. Merriman was the last Prime Minister, serving from 1908 to 1910.
The total population of the Cape Colony decreased significantly between the 1865 and 1904 censuses.
Answer: False
The total population of the Cape Colony increased significantly from 496,381 in 1865 to 2,409,804 in 1904, indicating substantial demographic expansion.
According to the 1904 census, the majority ethnic group in the Cape Colony was White, comprising over 50% of the population.
Answer: False
According to the 1904 census, the Black ethnic group constituted the largest proportion of the Cape Colony's population at 59.12%, while Whites comprised 24.05%.
The Pound sterling was the official currency used in the Cape Colony, reflecting its integration into the British Empire.
Answer: True
The Pound sterling, the official currency of the British Empire, was the currency used in the Cape Colony, facilitating its economic integration.
In 1833, enslaved individuals constituted less than 10% of Cape Town's total population.
Answer: False
In 1833, enslaved individuals constituted 28.89% of Cape Town's total population, which is significantly more than 10%.
The 1840 population of the Cape Colony included 12,000 Whites of British descent and 35,000 emancipated slaves.
Answer: True
According to the 1840 population distribution, the Cape Colony included 12,000 Whites of British descent and 35,000 emancipated slaves of 1834.
The districts of the Cape Colony in 1850 included only coastal areas like The Cape and Stellenbosch, without inland divisions.
Answer: False
The districts of the Cape Colony in 1850 included inland divisions such as Beaufort, Somerset, Graaf Reynet, and Colesberg, in addition to coastal areas like The Cape and Stellenbosch.
What was the initial sole official language of the Cape Colony until 1822?
Answer: Dutch
Dutch was the initial sole official language of the Cape Colony until 1822, when it was officially replaced by English.
Which city served as the capital of the Cape Colony?
Answer: Cape Town
Cape Town, a significant port city located at the southern tip of Africa, served as the capital city of the Cape Colony.
Who served as a Governor of the Cape Colony from 1901 to 1910, just before its merger into the Union of South Africa?
Answer: Walter Hely-Hutchinson
Walter Hely-Hutchinson served as a Governor of the Cape Colony from 1901 to 1910, immediately preceding its merger into the Union of South Africa.
Who was the last Prime Minister of the Cape Colony before the formation of the Union of South Africa?
Answer: John X. Merriman
John X. Merriman served as the last Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1908 to 1910, just before the formation of the Union of South Africa.
What was the approximate total population of the Cape Colony in 1822?
Answer: 110,380 people
In 1822, the Cape Colony had a total population of 110,380 people.
How did the total population of the Cape Colony change between the 1865 and 1904 censuses?
Answer: It increased significantly from 496,381 to 2,409,804.
The total population of the Cape Colony increased significantly from 496,381 in the 1865 census to 2,409,804 in the 1904 census.
According to the 1904 census, which ethnic group constituted the largest proportion of the Cape Colony's population?
Answer: Black (59.12%)
According to the 1904 census, the Black ethnic group constituted the largest proportion of the Cape Colony's population at 59.12%.
What was the official currency used in the Cape Colony?
Answer: Pound sterling
The Pound sterling, the official currency of the British Empire, was the currency used in the Cape Colony.
In 1833, what percentage of Cape Town's total population was enslaved?
Answer: 28.89%
In 1833, enslaved individuals constituted 28.89% of Cape Town's total population of 19,227.
According to the 1840 population distribution, how many Whites of British descent were in the Cape Colony?
Answer: 12,000
According to the 1840 population distribution, there were 12,000 Whites of British descent in the Cape Colony.
Which of these was a district of the Cape Colony in 1850?
Answer: Uitenhague
Uitenhague is explicitly listed as one of the administrative districts of the Cape Colony in 1850.
The Orange River served as which boundary for the Cape Colony for some time?
Answer: Northern boundary
The Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, served as the northern boundary for the Cape Colony for some time.
Which river marked the final eastern boundary of the Cape Colony?
Answer: Fish River
The Fish River marked the final eastern boundary of the Cape Colony.
What was the population of Cape Town in 1806 at the time of British occupation?
Answer: 16,000
At the time of British occupation in 1806, Cape Town itself had a population of 16,000.
Which of the following religions was NOT explicitly mentioned as a primary religion practiced in the Cape Colony?
Answer: Islam
The primary religions explicitly mentioned as practiced in the Cape Colony were the Dutch Reformed Church, Anglicanism, and San religion. Islam was not explicitly mentioned.
What was the total population of the Cape Colony in 1840?
Answer: 162,000
The total population of the Cape Colony in 1840 was reported as 162,000.
Which of the following districts was part of the Cape Colony in 1850?
Answer: Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch is explicitly listed as one of the administrative districts of the Cape Colony in 1850.
The Cape Colony ceased to exist as a separate entity in 1910 when it merged with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa.
Answer: True
The Cape Colony ceased its separate existence in 1910 upon its merger with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, subsequently becoming the Cape Province.
After the 1994 creation of present-day South African provinces, the Cape Province remained a single, undivided entity.
Answer: False
Following the 1994 creation of present-day South African provinces, the Cape Province was partitioned into the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and Western Cape, with smaller parts incorporated into the North West province.
The Republic of Swellendam and the Republic of Graaff-Reinet were among the entities that preceded the British Cape Colony.
Answer: True
The Republic of Swellendam and the Republic of Graaff-Reinet are explicitly listed among the entities that preceded the British Cape Colony.
Basutoland and Tristan da Cunha were among the entities that succeeded the Cape Colony after its dissolution.
Answer: True
Basutoland and Tristan da Cunha are listed among the entities that succeeded the Cape Colony after its dissolution, alongside the Union of South Africa.
Which of the following was NOT an entity that preceded the Cape Colony?
Answer: Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa was an entity that succeeded the Cape Colony, formed by its merger with other colonies, rather than preceding it.
Which of the following was NOT an entity that succeeded the Cape Colony?
Answer: Dutch Cape Colony
The Dutch Cape Colony was an entity that preceded the British Cape Colony, not one that succeeded it.
In 1994, the Cape Province was partitioned into which three main present-day South African provinces?
Answer: Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Western Cape
Following the 1994 creation of present-day South African provinces, the Cape Province was partitioned into the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and Western Cape, with smaller parts incorporated into the North West province.