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Total Categories: 6
The Treaty of Versailles imposed lenient penalties on Germany following World War I, thereby fostering international goodwill.
Answer: False
The Treaty of Versailles imposed severe terms on Germany, including substantial reparations and military restrictions, which generated significant resentment rather than goodwill.
The Great Depression precipitated a decline in faith in liberal democracy across numerous nations during the 1930s.
Answer: False
The severe economic hardship caused by the Great Depression led many nations to question the efficacy of liberal democracy, often turning towards authoritarian alternatives.
The 'stab-in-the-back myth' blamed the German military for the loss of World War I.
Answer: False
The 'stab-in-the-back myth' falsely claimed that the German Army was betrayed by civilians on the home front, rather than being defeated militarily.
The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to cede substantial territories, including Alsace-Lorraine to France and areas to Poland, thereby reducing its pre-war land area.
Answer: True
The Treaty of Versailles mandated the cession of significant territories from Germany, including Alsace-Lorraine to France and areas to Poland, thereby reducing its pre-war land area.
The Weimar Republic's hyperinflation was exacerbated by the printing of excessive currency, notably to compensate workers striking during the French occupation of the Ruhr.
Answer: True
The economic policies of the Weimar Republic, including the extensive printing of currency to manage debts and support striking workers during the Ruhr occupation, contributed significantly to the hyperinflation crisis.
France's principal security objective at the Paris Peace Conference was not territorial expansion into Germany, but rather the demilitarization of the Rhineland and substantial reparations.
Answer: False
France's primary security concerns at the Paris Peace Conference focused on ensuring its own safety through measures like the demilitarization of the Rhineland and heavy reparations from Germany, rather than territorial annexation.
The 'spirit of 1914' denotes the war weariness and decline in morale experienced by belligerent nations by 1917.
Answer: False
The 'spirit of 1914' refers to the initial wave of patriotic enthusiasm and popular support for the war at its outset, contrasting with the war weariness that emerged later, particularly by 1917.
The metaphor 'powder keg of Europe' characterized the volatile political climate in the Balkans preceding World War I, not a stable one.
Answer: False
The term 'powder keg of Europe' referred to the Balkans' highly unstable political environment, marked by nationalism and competing imperial interests, which ultimately contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
The 'Color books' were compilations of diplomatic correspondence published by various European governments at the commencement of World War I. Their explicit purpose was to substantiate each nation's conduct and attribute culpability for the war's genesis to other states, functioning as instruments of propaganda to secure domestic and international endorsement.
Answer: True
Published by various governments at the onset of World War I, the 'Color books' served as propaganda tools, presenting curated diplomatic exchanges to justify national actions and attribute blame to opposing powers.
The Weimar Republic's political instability was compounded by its fiscal approach, including an insufficient reliance on taxation for managing wartime debt.
Answer: True
The Weimar government's strategy of financing its obligations, including wartime debt and reparations, through currency printing rather than adequate taxation contributed to economic instability and political fragility.
In what manner did the Treaty of Versailles foster German resentment during the interwar period?
Answer: By imposing harsh terms such as heavy financial reparations and severe military limitations.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed stringent conditions upon Germany post-World War I, including substantial financial reparations and severe military restrictions, which cultivated pervasive resentment and a drive for revisionism.
What was the impact of the Great Depression on global political systems during the 1930s?
Answer: A loss of faith in liberal democracy, leading many nations towards authoritarian regimes.
The Great Depression of the 1930s induced profound economic hardship across many nations, precipitating a crisis of confidence in liberal democratic governance. Consequently, numerous states gravitated towards authoritarian regimes.
The 'stab-in-the-back myth' (Dolchstoßlegende) falsely claimed that:
Answer: The German Army was betrayed by civilians on the home front, including Jews and republicans.
The 'stab-in-the-back myth' propagated the false notion that Germany's defeat in World War I was due to betrayal by internal elements, such as socialists and Jews, rather than military failure.
Which of the following territorial changes was imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer: Germany lost approximately 12% of its pre-war land area and population.
The Treaty of Versailles mandated that Germany cede approximately 12% of its pre-war territory and population to various nations and mandates.
The Weimar Republic's hyperinflation was partly caused by:
Answer: Printing excessive currency to pay workers striking against French occupation of the Ruhr.
The Weimar Republic's hyperinflation was significantly exacerbated by the government's policy of printing excessive currency, particularly to finance reparations and support striking workers during the Ruhr occupation.
France's primary security concerns at the Paris Peace Conference focused on ensuring its own safety through measures like the demilitarization of the Rhineland and heavy reparations from Germany, rather than territorial annexation.
Answer: True
France, having endured profound devastation during World War I, accorded paramount importance to its security and economic reconstruction, prioritizing measures like the demilitarization of the Rhineland and substantial reparations.
The 'spirit of 1914' refers to the initial wave of patriotic enthusiasm and popular support for the war at its outset, contrasting with the war weariness that emerged later, particularly by 1917.
Answer: True
The 'spirit of 1914' refers to the initial wave of patriotic enthusiasm and popular support for the war at its outset, contrasting with the war weariness that emerged later, particularly by 1917.
The 'spirit of 1917' contrasts with the 'spirit of 1914' by reflecting:
Answer: Declining morale and growing war weariness among populations.
The 'spirit of 1917' reflects the widespread war weariness and declining morale experienced by belligerent nations, contrasting with the initial patriotic fervor of 1914.
Nazi ideology's primary focus was on economic recovery and fostering international cooperation.
Answer: False
Nazi ideology was fundamentally centered on racial purity, territorial expansion (Lebensraum), and the subjugation of perceived 'inferior' races, rather than economic recovery or international cooperation.
The concept of the 'Greater Germanic Reich' sought to consolidate all ethnic Germans into a singular nation-state, encompassing territorial expansion.
Answer: True
The 'Greater Germanic Reich' represented a core tenet of Nazi ideology, envisioning the unification of all Germanic peoples and the expansion of German territory to incorporate populations and lands deemed historically German.
Expansionism, the policy of increasing a country's territory or economic influence through aggression, and militarism, the belief in maintaining a strong military for aggressive expansion, were key drivers of the conflict. These ideologies gained prominence in Germany, Japan, and Italy during the interwar period, fueled by post-WWI conditions and economic crises, leading to territorial grabs and increased military build-ups.
Answer: True
Expansionism and militarism were indeed central driving forces behind the interwar period's aggressive policies of Germany, Japan, and Italy, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of World War II.
Benito Mussolini's ambition to establish a 'New Roman Empire' was primarily directed towards Northern Europe.
Answer: False
Mussolini's vision for a 'New Roman Empire' centered on Mediterranean dominance and expansion into regions like North Africa and the Balkans, not primarily Northern Europe.
The concept of 'Spazio vitale' was associated with German territorial expansion in Eastern Europe.
Answer: False
'Spazio vitale' (vital space) was an Italian Fascist concept, analogous to Nazi Germany's 'Lebensraum,' advocating for Italian territorial expansion and dominance, particularly in the Mediterranean and Africa.
The 'Primat der Innenpolitik' thesis posits that foreign policy decisions are predominantly influenced by domestic geopolitical factors.
Answer: False
The 'Primat der Innenpolitik' thesis, particularly concerning Nazi Germany, argues that domestic economic and social pressures, rather than purely external geopolitical considerations, were the primary drivers of foreign policy and the decision for war.
Which of the following is identified as a primary underlying cause of World War II?
Answer: The rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany.
The rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, characterized by aggressive nationalism and expansionist ideology, is considered a primary underlying cause of World War II.
Which of the following was NOT a core tenet of Nazi ideology that influenced Germany's foreign policy?
Answer: The promotion of international disarmament and peace.
Nazi ideology was characterized by aggressive expansionism, racial supremacy, and antisemitism, directly contradicting principles of disarmament and peace.
What was the central aim of the Nazi concept of 'Lebensraum'?
Answer: To acquire 'living space' through territorial expansion, particularly in Eastern Europe.
'Lebensraum,' meaning 'living space,' was a core Nazi ideological concept advocating for territorial expansion, particularly into Eastern Europe, to secure land and resources for German settlement.
What did the concept of 'Spazio vitale' signify within Italian Fascism?
Answer: Living space, aiming for Italian dominance in the Mediterranean.
'Spazio vitale,' meaning 'living space,' represented the territorial expansionist doctrine of Italian Fascism, aspiring to establish Italian hegemony across the Mediterranean and adjacent territories.
The 'Primat der Innenpolitik' thesis posits that Nazi Germany's foreign policy decisions were primarily driven by:
Answer: Domestic political considerations and internal crises.
The 'Primat der Innenpolitik' thesis argues that domestic economic and social pressures, rather than purely external geopolitical considerations, were the primary drivers of foreign policy and the decision for war.
How did the Japanese military acquire substantial political influence in Japan during the interwar period?
Answer: Via the Cabinet Law requiring military nominations for cabinet posts and junior officers' disobedience ('gekokujō').
The Japanese military's political influence was significantly augmented by the Cabinet Law, which stipulated military nominations for cabinet appointments, and the practice of 'gekokujō' (institutionalized insubordination).
In contrast to the 'Primat der Innenpolitik,' the 'Primat der Außenpolitik' thesis emphasizes which factor as the primary driver of foreign policy?
Answer: External geopolitical factors and leadership intentions.
The 'Primat der Außenpolitik' thesis posits that foreign policy is primarily shaped by external geopolitical realities, strategic considerations, and the intentions of national leaders.
Germany's remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936 was met with acquiescence rather than protest from France and Britain.
Answer: False
Germany's remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, a violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact, was met with diplomatic protests but no military intervention by France and Britain, emboldening Hitler.
The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 resulted in Ethiopia's successful defense and the preservation of its independence.
Answer: False
The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 concluded with Ethiopia's conquest and annexation by Italy, despite initial resistance and League of Nations sanctions.
Japan's expansionist policies in the 1930s were exclusively concentrated on Manchuria.
Answer: False
Japan's expansionist policies in the 1930s extended beyond Manchuria to include significant military actions in China proper, such as the Second Sino-Japanese War initiated in 1937.
Hitler's principal motivation for invading Poland was exclusively the matter of Danzig's status.
Answer: False
While Danzig's status was a pretext, Hitler's invasion of Poland was fundamentally driven by the broader Nazi objective of acquiring 'Lebensraum' (living space) in Eastern Europe.
The Soviet-Japanese border conflict in 1939 concluded with a Soviet defeat, prompting Japan to redirect its focus southward.
Answer: False
The Soviet-Japanese border conflict in 1939, particularly the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, resulted in a decisive Soviet victory, compelling Japan to shift its expansionist ambitions southward towards Southeast Asia.
The Danzig Crisis of 1939 involved Germany's demands concerning:
Answer: Polish territory, specifically extraterritorial access across the Polish Corridor and the status of Danzig.
The Danzig Crisis centered on Germany's demands for extraterritorial transit rights across the Polish Corridor and the incorporation of the Free City of Danzig into the Reich, which Poland refused to concede.
The 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' was a Japanese initiative aimed at liberating Asia from Western colonial rule, but its ultimate objective was to establish Japanese economic and political hegemony over the region.
Answer: True
The 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' was a Japanese initiative aimed at liberating Asia from Western colonial rule, but its ultimate objective was to establish Japanese economic and political hegemony over the region.
Which nation's expansionist goals included the invasion of Ethiopia in 1935?
Answer: Italy
Italy, under Benito Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia in 1935 as part of its expansionist policy to establish a new Roman Empire.
Germany's remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936 was significant because it:
Answer: Was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact, met with inaction by Allies.
Germany's remilitarization of the Rhineland violated international agreements and was met with inaction by the Allied powers, emboldening Hitler.
Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 were driven by:
Answer: The need for resources and markets, influenced by a militaristic government.
Japan's expansionist actions in Manchuria and China were motivated by a desire for resources and markets, driven by its militaristic government.
Beyond the issue of Danzig, what was Hitler's ultimate objective in invading Poland?
Answer: To expand Germany's 'living space' (Lebensraum) in the East.
Hitler articulated that his invasion of Poland was motivated by the strategic imperative to secure 'Lebensraum' (living space) in Eastern Europe.
What policy did Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 signal the end of?
Answer: Appeasement.
Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, a violation of the Munich Agreement, marked the end of the policy of appeasement.
What was the principal goal of the 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' as promoted by Japan?
Answer: Removing Western colonial powers' influence and establishing Japanese domination.
The 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' was a Japanese initiative aimed at liberating Asia from Western colonial rule, but its ultimate objective was to establish Japanese economic and political hegemony over the region.
What was the outcome of the Soviet-Japanese border conflict in 1939?
Answer: A decisive Soviet victory, causing Japan to shift focus southward.
The Soviet-Japanese border conflict of 1939 resulted in a significant Soviet victory, which deterred further Japanese aggression against the Soviet Union and redirected Japanese expansionist efforts southward.
What was the outcome of Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935?
Answer: Ethiopia was annexed by Italy, and the League's sanctions proved ineffective.
Italy annexed Ethiopia in 1936, and the League of Nations' sanctions proved ineffective in preventing this outcome.
The 'Danzig Crisis' of 1939 involved Germany's demands concerning:
Answer: Polish territory, specifically extraterritorial access across the Polish Corridor and the status of Danzig.
The Danzig Crisis centered on Germany's demands for extraterritorial transit rights across the Polish Corridor and the incorporation of the Free City of Danzig into the Reich.
The League of Nations effectively deterred major acts of aggression perpetrated by Germany, Italy, and Japan throughout the 1930s.
Answer: False
The League of Nations proved largely ineffective in preventing aggression during the 1930s due to its lack of enforcement power and the self-interested policies of its member states.
The Munich Agreement permitted Germany to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, with Czechoslovakia's explicit consent.
Answer: False
The Munich Agreement, signed by Britain, France, and Italy, authorized Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland without the participation or consent of Czechoslovakia.
The Spanish Civil War served as a testing ground for new military tactics and weapons used by Germany and Italy, who supported the Nationalists led by Francisco Franco. While it demonstrated the growing alignment of fascist powers, it is generally considered a prelude rather than a direct cause of the wider World War II that began in 1939.
Answer: True
The Spanish Civil War functioned as a proving ground for novel military tactics and armaments employed by Germany and Italy, who provided support to the Nationalist faction led by Francisco Franco. While it illustrated the increasing alignment of fascist powers, it is broadly regarded as a prelude rather than a direct catalyst for the wider World War II that commenced in 1939.
Hitler consistently employed straightforward diplomatic negotiations, devoid of threats, to achieve his territorial objectives.
Answer: False
Hitler's diplomatic approach was characterized by calculated threats, ultimatums, and the exploitation of concessions, rather than straightforward, non-coercive negotiations.
The Anglo-Polish alliance, formalized in 1939, constituted a pact of non-aggression between the two nations.
Answer: False
The Anglo-Polish alliance of 1939 was a mutual assistance pact, obligating Britain and Poland to support each other militarily in the event of a German attack, specifically targeting German actions.
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact constituted a military alliance between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
Answer: False
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was a non-aggression treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which included secret protocols dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.
The Franco-Polish alliance was established as a strategic partnership designed to counter potential aggression from both Germany and the Soviet Union, forming a key element of French interwar foreign policy.
Answer: True
The Franco-Polish alliance was established as a strategic partnership designed to counter potential aggression from both Germany and the Soviet Union, forming a key element of French interwar foreign policy.
Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 served to reinforce the policy of appeasement.
Answer: False
Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, which violated the Munich Agreement, effectively ended the policy of appeasement, as it demonstrated Hitler's unwillingness to abide by diplomatic agreements.
The Munich Agreement was signed by representatives of Britain, France, and Italy, but Czechoslovakia was excluded from the negotiations and its fate was decided without its consent.
Answer: False
The Munich Agreement was signed by Britain, France, and Italy, but Czechoslovakia was excluded from the negotiations and its fate was decided without its consent.
Why was the League of Nations largely ineffective in preventing aggression during the 1930s?
Answer: It lacked the power to enforce resolutions and suffered from the self-interest of its members.
The League of Nations lacked enforcement mechanisms and was undermined by member states prioritizing national interests, rendering it incapable of preventing aggression.
What was the primary outcome of the Munich Agreement in 1938?
Answer: It approved Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia without Czech participation.
The Munich Agreement sanctioned Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, a territory of Czechoslovakia, without the consent or participation of Czechoslovakia itself.
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) is described in relation to World War II primarily as:
Answer: A testing ground for new military tactics and weapons used by Germany and Italy.
The Spanish Civil War served as a testing ground for military strategies and equipment later employed in World War II by Germany and Italy.
Hitler's diplomatic strategy involved:
Answer: Threatening war, making concessions, and then escalating demands after appeasement.
Hitler's diplomatic approach was characterized by a pattern of making demands, threatening war, securing concessions through appeasement, and then escalating further demands.
What was the primary purpose of the Anglo-Polish alliance formalized in 1939?
Answer: A mutual assistance pact committing Britain and Poland to support each other against German aggression.
The Anglo-Polish alliance was a mutual assistance pact designed to deter German aggression by obligating Britain and Poland to defend one another.
The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, was the singular event that precipitated the declarations of war initiating World War II.
Answer: False
While the invasion of Poland was the immediate trigger, underlying factors such as aggressive expansionist policies, the failure of appeasement, and unresolved issues from World War I also contributed significantly to the outbreak of World War II.
The Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland in September 1939, ostensibly to protect ethnic Russians residing therein.
Answer: False
The Soviet Union cited the need to protect ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians in eastern Poland as its justification for the invasion, not ethnic Russians.
Britain and France declared war on Germany immediately following Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.
Answer: False
Britain and France issued an ultimatum to Germany demanding withdrawal from Poland. Upon Germany's refusal, they declared war on September 3, 1939, not immediately on September 1st.
The US trade embargo was a direct response to Japan's occupation of French Indochina and its ongoing military campaigns in China, actions that threatened regional stability and American interests.
Answer: True
The US trade embargo was a direct response to Japan's occupation of French Indochina and its ongoing military campaigns in China, actions that threatened regional stability and American interests.
Confronted with the US oil embargo, Japan elected to comply with American demands and withdraw from China.
Answer: False
Faced with the severe US oil embargo, Japan determined that withdrawing from China was politically unacceptable and instead opted to secure oil resources through military conquest in Southeast Asia.
The primary objective of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was the capture of the US Pacific Fleet.
Answer: False
The primary objective of the attack on Pearl Harbor was to neutralize the US Pacific Fleet by destroying its battleships and aircraft carriers, thereby preventing American interference with Japan's planned conquests in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Germany and Italy declared war on the United States immediately subsequent to the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Answer: False
Germany and Italy declared war on the United States four days after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 11, 1941.
The 'spirit of 1941,' pertaining to the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), encapsulates Hitler's conviction that the Soviet Union was inadequately prepared and susceptible to rapid defeat.
Answer: True
The 'spirit of 1941,' pertaining to the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), encapsulates Hitler's conviction that the Soviet Union was inadequately prepared and susceptible to rapid defeat. He anticipated that this swift triumph would compel Britain to negotiate an armistice, revealing a strategic overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet military capacities.
The 'spirit of the Winter War' accurately describes the Soviet Union's successful and swift conquest of Finland.
Answer: False
The 'spirit of the Winter War' refers to Finland's tenacious resistance against the Soviet Union, inflicting heavy casualties despite being outnumbered, rather than a swift Soviet conquest.
The US oil embargo on Japan in 1941 was a response to Japan's invasion of the Soviet Union.
Answer: False
The US oil embargo on Japan in 1941 was primarily a response to Japan's increasing aggression in China and its occupation of French Indochina, not its actions concerning the Soviet Union.
What event immediately triggered the declarations of war by Britain and France, marking the formal beginning of World War II in Europe?
Answer: The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939.
The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, directly led Britain and France to issue an ultimatum and subsequently declare war on Germany, initiating World War II in Europe.
On September 17, 1939, the Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland citing the need to protect:
Answer: Ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians.
The Soviet Union cited the necessity to safeguard ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians inhabiting eastern Poland as its justification for the invasion.
The United States imposed a comprehensive trade embargo on Japan in August 1941 primarily in response to:
Answer: Japan's increasing pressure on French Indochina and continued actions in China.
The US trade embargo was a direct response to Japan's occupation of French Indochina and its ongoing military campaigns in China.
Confronted with a critical oil shortage resulting from the US embargo, what were Japan's primary strategic choices?
Answer: Comply with US demands or seize oil fields in the Dutch East Indies.
The US oil embargo presented Japan with a stark choice: either yield to American demands or secure vital oil resources through military action, notably targeting the Dutch East Indies.
What was the principal objective of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?
Answer: To destroy the main American battle fleet anchored there.
The primary objective of the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor was to incapacitate the principal American naval fleet stationed there, thereby securing a strategic advantage.
Germany and Italy declared war on the United States:
Answer: Four days after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.
Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941.
What did the 'spirit of 1941' signify in the context of the German invasion of the Soviet Union?
Answer: Hitler's belief that the Soviet Union was poorly prepared and could be defeated quickly.
The 'spirit of 1941' reflects Hitler's conviction that the Soviet Union was inadequately prepared and susceptible to rapid defeat, leading to strategic overconfidence.
Timothy Mason's 'flight into war' theory posits that Nazi Germany was driven to war primarily by Hitler's long-term foreign policy ambitions.
Answer: False
Timothy Mason's 'flight into war' theory suggests that Nazi Germany's move towards war in 1939 was primarily motivated by internal economic crises and pressures from the German populace, rather than solely Hitler's foreign policy goals.
The 'Fischer thesis' contends that the outbreak of World War I was principally attributable to Germany's long-standing expansionist objectives.
Answer: True
The Fischer thesis, advanced by historian Fritz Fischer, posits that Germany bore primary responsibility for World War I due to its pre-existing expansionist policies and deliberate initiation of the conflict.
The 'functionalism–intentionalism debate' pertains to the causes of the Spanish Civil War.
Answer: False
The functionalism–intentionalism debate primarily concerns the origins and implementation of the Holocaust, not the Spanish Civil War.
The 'Polish death camp' controversy arises from the inaccurate use of this term, which implies Polish involvement in Nazi extermination camps.
Answer: True
The 'Polish death camp' controversy arises from the inaccurate use of this term, which implies Polish involvement in Nazi extermination camps. In reality, these camps were German facilities located in occupied Poland, and Poland itself was a victim of Nazi atrocities.
According to Timothy Mason's 'flight into war' theory, what primarily drove Nazi Germany towards war in 1939?
Answer: Internal economic crises and pressures from the German working class.
Timothy Mason's 'flight into war' theory posits that internal economic crises and pressures from the German working class compelled Nazi Germany towards war in 1939.
What did the 'functionalism–intentionalism debate' concern regarding the Holocaust?
Answer: The origins and implementation of the Holocaust.
The functionalism–intentionalism debate represents a significant historiographical discourse concerning the origins and execution of the Holocaust.