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Charles Frederick Briggs was primarily recognized as a playwright and theatrical critic.
Answer: False
The source identifies Charles Frederick Briggs primarily as an American journalist, author, and editor, not a playwright or theatrical critic.
Briggs was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, and subsequently died in Brooklyn, New York City.
Answer: True
Charles Frederick Briggs was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, on December 30, 1804, and died in Brooklyn, New York City, on June 20, 1877.
The pseudonym 'Harry Franco' was adopted by Briggs following the success of his novel *The Haunted Merchant*.
Answer: False
The pseudonym 'Harry Franco' originated from Briggs's 1839 novel, *The Adventures of Harry Franco*, not *The Haunted Merchant*.
Prior to his career in journalism, Briggs was employed as a sailor and a wholesale grocer.
Answer: True
Before his journalism career, Charles Frederick Briggs worked as a sailor in Nantucket and later as a wholesale grocer.
Briggs's entry into journalism was characterized by his departure from the Copyright Club.
Answer: False
Briggs transitioned into journalism after the success of his novel *The Adventures of Harry Franco*, not due to leaving the Copyright Club. He left the Copyright Club because he felt another magazine was monopolizing credit.
The publication of *The Adventures of Harry Franco* was an immediate sensation, resulting in his friends nicknaming him 'Franco,' much to his delight.
Answer: False
While *The Adventures of Harry Franco* was an immediate sensation, Briggs was dismayed, not delighted, by his friends nicknaming him 'Franco'.
The provided source material contains an image of Briggs's birthplace in Nantucket.
Answer: False
The source material includes an image of Charles Frederick Briggs himself and his signature, but not an image of his birthplace in Nantucket.
What were the principal professions of Charles Frederick Briggs?
Answer: Journalist, author, and editor
Charles Frederick Briggs was primarily known as an American journalist, author, and editor.
In what year and geographical location was Charles Frederick Briggs born?
Answer: 1804, Nantucket, Massachusetts
Charles Frederick Briggs was born on December 30, 1804, in Nantucket, Massachusetts.
What pseudonym did Charles Frederick Briggs employ, and what was its literary origin?
Answer: 'Harry Franco' from his novel *The Adventures of Harry Franco*
Charles Frederick Briggs used the pseudonym 'Harry Franco,' which originated from his 1839 novel, *The Adventures of Harry Franco*.
What were Charles Frederick Briggs's professional roles prior to his career in journalism?
Answer: Sailor and wholesale grocer
Before pursuing a career in journalism, Charles Frederick Briggs worked as a sailor and later as a wholesale grocer.
Which event instigated Charles Frederick Briggs's transition into the field of journalism?
Answer: The sudden success of his novel, *The Adventures of Harry Franco*
Charles Frederick Briggs transitioned into journalism after his novel, *The Adventures of Harry Franco*, achieved sudden success.
What was Briggs's reaction to his friends nicknaming him 'Franco' subsequent to his novel's success?
Answer: He was dismayed by the nickname.
The publication of *The Adventures of Harry Franco* led his friends to nickname him 'Franco,' which was much to his dismay.
Beyond an image of Briggs himself, what additional visual element is noted in the infobox for Charles Frederick Briggs?
Answer: An image of his signature.
The infobox for Charles Frederick Briggs in the source material also provides an image of his signature.
What was the initial critical and public reception of *The Adventures of Harry Franco* following its publication in 1839?
Answer: It was an immediate sensation, gaining widespread popularity.
Upon its publication in 1839, *The Adventures of Harry Franco* was an immediate sensation, quickly achieving widespread popularity and critical recognition.
*The Knickerbocker* magazine published a serialized story by Briggs, which was subsequently released as *The Haunted Merchant*.
Answer: True
*The Knickerbocker* magazine featured a series of humorous stories by Briggs, including a serialized story that was later published as the novel *The Haunted Merchant*.
The Copyright Club, established by Briggs in 1843, sought to promote local authors in New York City.
Answer: False
The Copyright Club, founded by Briggs in 1843, aimed to raise awareness about the necessity of international copyright law, not to promote local authors within New York City.
Briggs departed from the Copyright Club due to his belief that another magazine was unduly claiming credit for its initiatives.
Answer: True
Briggs left the Copyright Club because he felt that a magazine named *Centurion* 'contrived to monopolize all the credit' for the organization's efforts.
Which periodical published Briggs's humorous narratives and a serialized novel subsequently released as *The Haunted Merchant*?
Answer: *The Knickerbocker*
Briggs contributed a series of humorous stories to *The Knickerbocker* magazine, which also included a serialized story that was later published as the novel *The Haunted Merchant*.
What was the principal objective of the Copyright Club, founded by Briggs in 1843?
Answer: To raise awareness about international copyright law
The Copyright Club, established by Charles Frederick Briggs in 1843, was dedicated to raising awareness about the necessity of international copyright law.
What motivated Charles Frederick Briggs's departure from the Copyright Club?
Answer: He felt a magazine named *Centurion* monopolized the credit.
Briggs left the Copyright Club because he felt that a magazine named *Centurion* 'contrived to monopolize all the credit' for the organization's efforts.
The *Broadway Journal* was initiated by Charles Frederick Briggs in Boston in 1844.
Answer: False
Charles Frederick Briggs launched the *Broadway Journal* in New York City in 1844, not Boston.
At the *Broadway Journal*, John Bisco oversaw editorial responsibilities, whereas Briggs managed financial matters.
Answer: False
At the *Broadway Journal*, Charles Frederick Briggs managed editorial duties, while John Bisco handled the publishing and financial aspects.
James Russell Lowell was a friend and contributor to the *Broadway Journal*, notwithstanding Briggs's disapproval of Lowell's abolitionist stance.
Answer: True
James Russell Lowell was indeed a friend and contributor to the *Broadway Journal*, even though Charles Frederick Briggs did not approve of Lowell's 'hot and excited' abolitionism.
Edgar Allan Poe became associated with the *Broadway Journal* following a personal invitation from Charles Frederick Briggs.
Answer: False
Edgar Allan Poe became involved with the *Broadway Journal* after being recommended by James Russell Lowell, not personally invited by Charles Frederick Briggs.
Poe initially assumed the role of associate editor, subsequently becoming a co-editor and a one-third owner of the *Broadway Journal*.
Answer: True
Edgar Allan Poe's roles at the *Broadway Journal* progressed from associate editor to co-editor, and he also acquired a one-third ownership stake in the publication.
Charles Frederick Briggs regarded Edgar Allan Poe as a full partner in the *Broadway Journal* given Poe's ownership stake.
Answer: False
Despite Edgar Allan Poe's partial ownership, Charles Frederick Briggs considered him 'only an assistant,' not a full partner in the *Broadway Journal*.
Edgar Allan Poe commended Briggs's writing abilities, characterizing him as a highly educated and grammatically proficient writer.
Answer: False
Edgar Allan Poe held a low opinion of Briggs's writing skills, describing him as 'grossly uneducated' and unable to compose grammatical English.
Briggs resigned from the *Broadway Journal* in June 1845, citing irreconcilable differences with Poe regarding editorial direction.
Answer: False
Charles Frederick Briggs resigned from the *Broadway Journal* in June 1845 due to the magazine's financial difficulties, not disagreements with Poe over editorial direction.
Edgar Allan Poe obtained full ownership of the *Broadway Journal* by acquiring John Bisco's share for $50.
Answer: True
In October 1845, John Bisco sold his share of the *Broadway Journal* to Edgar Allan Poe for $50, making Poe the sole owner.
The *Broadway Journal* maintained publication for several years subsequent to Poe's acquisition of full ownership.
Answer: False
The *Broadway Journal* published its final issue on January 3, 1846, shortly after Poe gained full ownership, indicating it did not continue for several years.
The *Broadway Journal* maintained financial stability during Briggs's tenure, thereby enabling him to pursue alternative ventures.
Answer: False
The *Broadway Journal* faced significant financial difficulties, which ultimately led to Charles Frederick Briggs's resignation, contradicting the idea of financial stability.
In which city and during what year did Charles Frederick Briggs inaugurate the *Broadway Journal*?
Answer: New York City, 1844
Charles Frederick Briggs launched the *Broadway Journal* in 1844 in New York City.
What duties were assigned to John Bisco at the *Broadway Journal*?
Answer: Handling publishing and financial aspects
At the *Broadway Journal*, John Bisco, a former schoolteacher, handled the publishing and financial aspects of the magazine.
Who endorsed Edgar Allan Poe for a position at the *Broadway Journal* in December 1844?
Answer: James Russell Lowell
Edgar Allan Poe became involved with the *Broadway Journal* after James Russell Lowell recommended him for a job at the new magazine in December 1844.
What was Edgar Allan Poe's commencing role at the *Broadway Journal* in January 1845?
Answer: Associate editor
Edgar Allan Poe initially became an associate editor of the *Broadway Journal* in January 1845.
How did Charles Frederick Briggs perceive Edgar Allan Poe's role at the *Broadway Journal*, notwithstanding Poe's partial ownership?
Answer: As 'only an assistant'
Despite Edgar Allan Poe being a partial owner of the *Broadway Journal*, Charles Frederick Briggs did not consider him a partner, but rather 'only an assistant'.
What was Edgar Allan Poe's assessment of Charles Frederick Briggs's literary abilities?
Answer: He described Briggs as 'grossly uneducated' and unable to compose grammatical English.
Edgar Allan Poe held a low opinion of Charles Frederick Briggs's writing skills, describing him as 'grossly uneducated' and stating that Briggs 'has never composed in his life three consecutive sentences of grammatical English'.
What circumstances precipitated Charles Frederick Briggs's resignation from the *Broadway Journal* in June 1845?
Answer: Financial difficulties experienced by the magazine.
Charles Frederick Briggs resigned from the *Broadway Journal* in June 1845 due to the financial difficulties experienced by the magazine.
By what means did Edgar Allan Poe obtain complete ownership of the *Broadway Journal*?
Answer: John Bisco sold his share to Poe for $50.
In October 1845, John Bisco sold his share of the *Broadway Journal* to Edgar Allan Poe for $50, with Poe paying using a note endorsed by Horace Greeley.
On what date did the *Broadway Journal* release its concluding issue?
Answer: January 3, 1846
The *Broadway Journal*'s final publication was dated January 3, 1846.
Describe the financial condition of the *Broadway Journal* that necessitated alterations in its ownership structure.
Answer: It faced financial difficulties, leading to Briggs's resignation and Bisco selling his share.
The *Broadway Journal* faced financial difficulties, which ultimately led to Charles Frederick Briggs's resignation and John Bisco selling his share to Edgar Allan Poe.
Subsequent to his tenure at the *Broadway Journal*, Briggs edited *Holden's Dollar Magazine* and served as managing editor for *Putnam's Magazine*.
Answer: True
After his involvement with the *Broadway Journal*, C. F. Briggs worked as an editor for *Holden's Dollar Magazine* and served as the managing editor for *Putnam's Magazine* from 1853 to 1856.
George William Curtis and Parke Godwin served as associate editors alongside Briggs at *Holden's Dollar Magazine*.
Answer: False
George William Curtis and Parke Godwin were associate editors with Briggs at *Putnam's Magazine*, not *Holden's Dollar Magazine*.
*The Homes of American Authors* constituted a novel co-authored by Briggs, Curtis, and Godwin.
Answer: False
*The Homes of American Authors* (1852), co-produced by Briggs, Curtis, and Godwin, was a gift book, not a novel.
Towards the latter part of his career, Briggs was employed by *The New York Times* and the *Independent*.
Answer: True
Later in his career, Charles Frederick Briggs served on the staff of *The New York Times*, the *Evening Mirror*, the *Brooklyn Union*, and the *Independent*.
In James Russell Lowell's *A Fable for Critics*, Briggs was portrayed as consistently stern and serious in his disposition.
Answer: False
In *A Fable for Critics*, James Russell Lowell described Briggs as a paradoxical individual, often joking when appearing stern and earnest when seeming to joke, not consistently stern and serious.
Lowell noted that 'Gothamites' frequently exerted excessive effort to project a metropolitan image, implying an absence of authentic metropolitan character.
Answer: True
In an 1844 letter to Briggs, James Russell Lowell observed that 'Gothamites' (New Yorkers) 'strain hard to attain a metropolitan character,' suggesting that if they truly felt metropolitan, they wouldn't need to constantly display it.
*The Homes of American Authors* was classified as a gift book, a genre of elaborately bound and illustrated publications prevalent in the 19th century.
Answer: True
*The Homes of American Authors* (1852), co-produced by Briggs, was indeed a gift book, a type of elaborately bound and illustrated book popular in the 19th century.
Subsequent to his involvement with the *Broadway Journal*, which two periodicals did C. F. Briggs edit?
Answer: *Holden's Dollar Magazine* and *Putnam's Magazine*
After his involvement with the *Broadway Journal*, C. F. Briggs worked as an editor for *Holden's Dollar Magazine* and served as the managing editor for *Putnam's Magazine*.
Who served as Charles Frederick Briggs's associate editors while he was at *Putnam's Magazine*?
Answer: George William Curtis and Parke Godwin
While serving as managing editor for *Putnam's Magazine*, Charles Frederick Briggs collaborated with associate editors George William Curtis and Parke Godwin.
What genre of publication was *The Homes of American Authors* (1852), a collaborative effort by Briggs, Curtis, and Godwin?
Answer: A gift book
*The Homes of American Authors* (1852), a work co-produced by Briggs with George William Curtis and Parke Godwin, was categorized as a gift book.
Which of the subsequent newspapers did Charles Frederick Briggs NOT contribute to during his later career?
Answer: *The Boston Globe*
Later in his career, Charles Frederick Briggs worked for *The New York Times*, the *Evening Mirror*, the *Brooklyn Union*, and the *Independent*. *The Boston Globe* is not mentioned.
How did James Russell Lowell portray Charles Frederick Briggs in his work *A Fable for Critics*?
Answer: As a paradoxical individual, often joking when seeming stern and earnest when joking.
In *A Fable for Critics*, James Russell Lowell characterized Charles Frederick Briggs as a paradoxical individual, noting that he was 'in joke half the time when he seems to be sternest' and 'when he seems to be joking, be sure he's in earnest'.
What observation did James Russell Lowell convey regarding 'Gothamites' in an 1844 letter addressed to Briggs?
Answer: They strained hard to attain a metropolitan character, suggesting a lack of genuine feeling.
In a letter to Briggs in 1844, James Russell Lowell observed that 'Gothamites' (New Yorkers) 'strain hard to attain a metropolitan character,' implying that genuine metropolitan identity would not require such overt display.
The complete title of Briggs's inaugural novel was *The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Depression*.
Answer: False
The full title of Charles Frederick Briggs's first novel, published in 1839, was *The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic*.
*Bankrupt Stories* (1843) by Briggs explored themes related to financial distress.
Answer: True
Among Briggs's works published in 1843, *Bankrupt Stories* directly addressed themes related to financial distress and economic hardship.
*Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner* (1844) chronicled Briggs's experiences as a sailor in Nantucket.
Answer: False
Briggs's 1844 work, *Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner*, focused on the general experiences and conditions of life aboard a passenger ship, not specifically his personal experiences as a sailor in Nantucket.
*Asmodeus; or, The iniquities of New York* (1849) investigated the moral failings widespread in New York City.
Answer: True
Briggs's 1849 publication, *Asmodeus; or, The iniquities of New York*, delved into the various misdeeds and moral failings prevalent in New York City during that period.
What was the complete title of Charles Frederick Briggs's debut novel, released in 1839?
Answer: *The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic*
The full title of Charles Frederick Briggs's first novel, published in 1839, was *The Adventures of Harry Franco: A Tale of the Great Panic*.
Which of Briggs's publications from 1843 specifically delved into themes concerning financial distress?
Answer: *Bankrupt Stories*
Among Briggs's works published in 1843, *Bankrupt Stories* directly addressed themes related to financial distress and economic hardship.
What was the thematic focus of Briggs's 1844 publication, *Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner*?
Answer: The experiences and conditions aboard a passenger ship.
Charles Frederick Briggs's 1844 work, *Working a Passage, or Life in a Liner*, focused on the experiences and conditions of life aboard a passenger ship, often referred to as a liner.
What specific themes did Briggs's 1849 publication, *Asmodeus; or, The iniquities of New York*, explore?
Answer: The various misdeeds and moral failings prevalent in New York City.
Briggs's 1849 publication, *Asmodeus; or, The iniquities of New York*, delved into the various misdeeds and moral failings prevalent in New York City during that period.
What overarching theme characterized the works Briggs authored under his pseudonym subsequent to the initial success of *The Adventures of Harry Franco*?
Answer: Humorous depictions of life in New York City
Following the success of *The Adventures of Harry Franco*, Charles Frederick Briggs wrote a series of works under his pseudonym that humorously depicted life in New York City.