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Total Categories: 5
The Chetnik ideology was influenced by the concept of a unified Yugoslavia encompassing all South Slavic peoples equally.
Answer: False
Contrary to the notion of an inclusive, unified Yugoslavia, the core Chetnik ideology was rooted in Serbian nationalism and the pursuit of an ethnically homogeneous Greater Serbia, which inherently excluded or subjugated non-Serb populations.
The Chetnik Association remained a small group of veterans throughout the interwar period.
Answer: False
The Chetnik Association underwent significant politicization and expansion during the interwar years, transforming from a small veterans' group into a large, partisan Serb political organization with extensive membership and regional committees.
Chetnik organizations welcomed the formation of the Banovina of Croatia in 1939.
Answer: False
Chetnik organizations and Serb nationalist factions vehemently opposed the establishment of the Banovina of Croatia in 1939, viewing it as detrimental to Serbian interests and advocating instead for a separate Serbian administrative unit.
Stevan Moljević's 'Homogeneous Serbia' memorandum argued for the expulsion of non-Serb populations.
Answer: True
Stevan Moljević's influential 'Homogeneous Serbia' memorandum articulated a vision for an ethnically pure Greater Serbia, advocating for the expulsion and cleansing of non-Serb populations to achieve this territorial and ideological goal.
Chetnik territorial ambitions were focused on creating an ethnically diverse South Slavic federation.
Answer: False
Chetnik territorial ambitions were fundamentally centered on the creation of an ethnically homogeneous Greater Serbia, explicitly aiming to incorporate territories inhabited by non-Serb populations and subsequently cleanse them, rather than establishing a diverse South Slavic federation.
The Chetnik movement's goal was to create an ethnically pure Greater Serbia, leading to the targeting of Muslims and Croats.
Answer: True
The Chetnik movement's overarching objective was the establishment of an ethnically pure Greater Serbia. This ideological pursuit directly resulted in the systematic targeting, persecution, and extermination of Muslim and Croat populations within their envisioned territorial scope.
Stevan Moljević's 'Homogeneous Serbia' memorandum was a key document outlining the Chetnik vision for an ethnically pure Greater Serbia.
Answer: True
Stevan Moljević's 'Homogeneous Serbia' memorandum, drafted in July 1941, served as a foundational ideological text for the Chetnik movement, articulating the concept of an ethnically pure Greater Serbia and outlining plans for its territorial realization.
What ideological concept heavily influenced the Chetnik movement, aiming for an ethnically pure Serbian state?
Answer: Greater Serbia
The Chetnik movement was profoundly shaped by the ideology of 'Greater Serbia,' which posited the creation of an ethnically homogeneous Serbian state encompassing territories beyond the borders of Serbia proper.
The Chetnik Association in the interwar period transformed into:
Answer: An aggressively partisan Serb political organization.
During the interwar period, the Chetnik Association evolved significantly, becoming an aggressively partisan Serb political organization under Kosta Pećanac's leadership, expanding its membership and engaging in political activities.
Chetnik organizations strongly opposed which political development in 1939?
Answer: The formation of the Banovina of Croatia.
Chetnik organizations and Serb nationalist groups expressed strong opposition to the formation of the Banovina of Croatia in 1939, advocating for a separate Serbian administrative entity.
What was the central aim of Chetnik territorial ambitions?
Answer: To establish an ethnically homogeneous Serbian state (Greater Serbia).
The central aim of Chetnik territorial ambitions was the creation of an ethnically homogeneous Greater Serbia, a concept that drove their policies of ethnic cleansing and subjugation of non-Serb populations.
The Chetnik ideology of 'Greater Serbia' primarily fueled the targeting of which ethnic groups?
Answer: Muslims and Croats.
The ideological pursuit of an ethnically pure 'Greater Serbia' by the Chetnik movement was the primary driver for the systematic targeting and persecution of Muslim and Croat populations.
Chetnik planning documents, like Mihailović's directive of December 20, 1941, advocated for the integration of Muslim and Croat populations into Serbian territories.
Answer: False
Mihailović's directive of December 20, 1941, explicitly mandated the 'cleansing' and expulsion of Muslim and Croat populations from designated territories, rather than their integration. This directive served as a blueprint for ethnic homogenization.
Draža Mihailović established the Chetnik movement immediately after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941.
Answer: True
Following the Axis invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Colonel Draža Mihailović refused to surrender and organized remnants of the Royal Yugoslav Army into the Chetnik movement, designating them as the 'Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army'.
Mihailović's directive of December 20, 1941, ordered the ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Sandžak and Bosnia.
Answer: False
Mihailović's directive of December 20, 1941, explicitly ordered the ethnic cleansing of Muslims and Croats from Sandžak and Bosnia, not Serbs. The directive aimed to create ethnically homogeneous Serbian territories.
The Chetnik movement officially designated themselves as the 'Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army' after refusing to surrender in April 1941.
Answer: True
Following the Axis invasion and collapse of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Colonel Draža Mihailović refused to surrender and organized his forces, officially designating them as the 'Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army,' also known as the 'Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland'.
Mihailović's December 20, 1941 directive explicitly called for the ethnic cleansing of Muslims and Croats from specific regions.
Answer: True
Draža Mihailović's directive of December 20, 1941, contained explicit instructions for the ethnic cleansing and expulsion of Muslim populations from Sandžak and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croat populations from Bosnia and Herzegovina, to achieve territorial consolidation for Greater Serbia.
Who led the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army after refusing to surrender in April 1941?
Answer: Draža Mihailović
Following the Axis invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Colonel Draža Mihailović refused to surrender and organized the Chetnik movement, designating it as the 'Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army'.
Which directive, dated December 20, 1941, explicitly ordered the ethnic cleansing of Muslims and Croats from specific regions?
Answer: Mihailović's directive
Mihailović's directive of December 20, 1941, contained explicit instructions for the ethnic cleansing and expulsion of Muslim and Croat populations from designated territories, forming a critical document in understanding Chetnik policy.
What was the stated objective for non-Serb populations in Mihailović's December 1941 directive?
Answer: Ethnic cleansing and expulsion from territories designated for Serbs.
Mihailović's December 1941 directive explicitly outlined the objective of ethnic cleansing and expulsion for Muslim and Croat populations from territories designated for Serbian consolidation, aiming to create ethnically homogeneous frontiers.
The Chetnik movement officially began operations during World War II when:
Answer: Draža Mihailović refused to surrender after the April 1941 invasion.
The Chetnik movement officially commenced its operations during World War II when Colonel Draža Mihailović, refusing to surrender after the April 1941 invasion, organized remnants of the Royal Yugoslav Army into a resistance force.
The Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans maintained a consistent alliance throughout World War II.
Answer: False
The relationship between the Chetniks and the Yugoslav Partisans was characterized by initial, albeit brief, cooperation followed by escalating conflict and open warfare, rather than a consistent alliance throughout World War II.
The Yugoslav government-in-exile supported the Chetnik movement and its objectives.
Answer: True
The Yugoslav government-in-exile officially recognized and supported the Chetnik movement, aligning itself with their Greater Serbian objectives and legitimizing their activities as the primary resistance force until later in the war.
The Battle of the Neretva significantly strengthened the Chetniks' ability to conduct genocidal assaults.
Answer: False
The Battle of the Neretva in March 1943 resulted in a significant military defeat for the Chetniks, weakening their forces and effectively curtailing their capacity to conduct large-scale genocidal assaults.
Fascist Italian forces actively opposed Chetnik collaboration and prevented their massacres.
Answer: False
Contrary to actively opposing them, Fascist Italian forces frequently collaborated with Chetnik units, providing them with protection and enabling their operations, including massacres against civilian populations, particularly in areas under Italian occupation.
Chetniks generally handed over captured Partisans to Allied forces for trial.
Answer: False
Chetniks did not generally hand over captured Partisans to Allied forces for trial; instead, they frequently executed them directly or handed them over to Axis authorities, such as the Germans, for execution or deportation to concentration camps.
What was the initial relationship between the Chetniks and the Communist-led Yugoslav Partisans?
Answer: They cooperated in anti-Axis activities before conflict arose.
Initially, the Chetniks and the Communist-led Yugoslav Partisans engaged in limited cooperation against the Axis occupation forces. However, this collaboration proved ephemeral, quickly deteriorating into conflict.
How did Fascist Italian forces interact with the Chetniks?
Answer: They collaborated, providing protection and enabling Chetnik control.
Fascist Italian forces frequently collaborated with Chetnik units, offering protection and facilitating their control over territories, which enabled Chetnik campaigns against civilian populations.
The Battle of the Neretva (March 1943) resulted in what outcome for the Chetnik forces?
Answer: Significant weakening and the end of major genocidal assaults.
The decisive Partisan victory achieved during the Battle of the Neretva in March 1943 critically weakened the Chetnik forces, compelling their withdrawal from the Neretva and Drina river basins. This significant military defeat effectively curtailed their capacity for large-scale genocidal assaults against Muslim populations in the affected territories.
What was the role of the Yugoslav government-in-exile concerning the Chetniks?
Answer: It recognized and legitimized the Chetnik movement and its Greater Serbian objectives.
The Yugoslav government-in-exile officially recognized Draža Mihailović and the Chetnik movement as the primary resistance force, thereby legitimizing their Greater Serbian objectives and activities.
The Chetnik movement primarily targeted Serbs during World War II.
Answer: False
The assertion that the Chetnik movement primarily targeted Serbs during World War II is factually inaccurate according to historical consensus and the provided source material. Their campaigns predominantly victimized non-Serb populations, including Muslims and Croats, alongside their conflict with the Yugoslav Partisans.
Most historians consider Chetnik crimes against Muslims and Croats during WWII to be acts of genocide.
Answer: True
The prevailing scholarly consensus classifies the systematic atrocities perpetrated by Chetnik forces against Muslim and Croat populations during World War II as genocide. This designation is predicated upon the systematic nature of the violence and the demonstrable intent behind its execution.
Chetnik groups launched uprisings against the Ustasha in the summer of 1941, but primarily focused on defending Serb populations without engaging in ethnic cleansing.
Answer: False
While Chetnik groups did engage in uprisings against the Ustasha in the summer of 1941, their actions in controlled territories frequently involved systematic massacres and ethnic cleansing of Croat and Muslim civilians, contradicting the claim of solely defensive actions.
The 'Provisional Administration of East Bosnia' established by Chetniks implemented policies of ethnic inclusion and tolerance.
Answer: False
The 'Provisional Administration of East Bosnia,' established by Chetniks with Italian approval, implemented policies characterized by discrimination, plunder, and systematic massacres against Muslim and Croat populations, rather than inclusion or tolerance.
Chetnik massacres in Goražde involved dumping victims into the Drina River.
Answer: True
Historical accounts confirm that Chetnik massacres in Goražde included the brutal practice of murdering victims on the town's bridge and subsequently disposing of their bodies by dumping them into the Drina River.
Chetnik genocidal campaigns in eastern Bosnia occurred significantly later than Ustasha campaigns in the same region.
Answer: False
Historical analysis, notably by Marko Attila Hoare, indicates that Chetnik genocidal campaigns in eastern Bosnia during late 1941 and early 1942 preceded the commencement of significant Ustasha genocidal operations in the same region.
Estimates suggest Chetnik actions in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in approximately 65,000 to 68,000 deaths, primarily civilians.
Answer: True
Scholarly estimates, drawing from demographic analyses, suggest that Chetnik actions in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina led to the deaths of approximately 65,000 to 68,000 individuals, with a substantial proportion being civilians.
Chetnik attitude towards Jews remained consistently hostile throughout the war.
Answer: False
The Chetnik attitude towards Jews evolved; initially ambivalent, it later incorporated antisemitic propaganda and persecution, leading to the killing and handing over of Jews to Axis authorities, rather than maintaining consistent hostility from the outset.
Chetnik terror tactics ceased after they lost Allied support and suffered military defeats.
Answer: False
Despite losing Allied support and suffering military setbacks, Chetnik terror tactics did not cease entirely. Large-scale 'cleansing actions' continued into 1943, indicating the persistence of their violent agenda.
Chetnik violence against civilians was limited to massacres and ethnic cleansing.
Answer: False
Chetnik violence against civilians encompassed a broader range of atrocities beyond massacres and ethnic cleansing, including torture, executions, burning of villages, looting, and forced conversions, indicating a multifaceted campaign of terror.
Chetniks only terrorized populations suspected of collaborating with Axis powers.
Answer: False
Chetnik terror tactics extended beyond individuals suspected of Axis collaboration; they systematically targeted and terrorized entire civilian populations, particularly Muslims and Croats, as well as those perceived as supporting the Communist Partisans.
Chetnik atrocities did not extend to religious figures or intellectuals.
Answer: False
Chetnik atrocities demonstrably extended to religious figures, including Imams and Catholic priests, as well as prominent intellectuals and cultural figures, indicating a broad scope of targeted violence.
The Chetniks destroyed numerous mosques and Catholic churches as part of their campaign.
Answer: True
As part of their campaign to create ethnically homogeneous territories, Chetnik forces systematically destroyed numerous mosques and Catholic churches, alongside villages, to erase the presence of non-Serb populations.
Chetnik Commander Pavle Đurišić reported the complete burning of all Muslim villages in Sandžak and southeastern Bosnia during early 1943.
Answer: True
In early 1943, Chetnik Commander Pavle Đurišić reported to Draža Mihailović on 'cleansing actions' in Sandžak and southeastern Bosnia, detailing the complete burning and destruction of Muslim villages, leaving no homes intact.
Chetnik actions in eastern Bosnia during late 1941 and early 1942 preceded significant Ustasha genocidal campaigns in the same region.
Answer: True
Historical scholarship indicates that the genocidal campaigns perpetrated by Chetnik forces in eastern Bosnia during late 1941 and early 1942 occurred prior to the initiation of substantial Ustasha genocidal operations within that same geographical area.
The Chetniks engaged in systematic massacres and ethnic cleansing against Croat and Muslim civilians in areas they controlled during the summer 1941 uprisings.
Answer: True
During the summer of 1941 uprisings, Chetnik organizations, in territories they controlled, systematically perpetrated massacres and engaged in ethnic cleansing targeting Croat and Muslim civilian populations, often in response to or in conjunction with Ustasha violence.
Which group was primarily targeted by Chetnik war crimes during WWII, according to the source?
Answer: Muslims and Croats
The primary victims of Chetnik war crimes during World War II, as documented, were the non-Serb populations, specifically Muslims and Croats, alongside their conflict with the Communist Partisans.
Most historians classify Chetnik crimes against Muslims and Croats during WWII as:
Answer: Genocide
The systematic and widespread atrocities committed by Chetnik forces against Muslim and Croat populations during World War II are widely classified by historians as acts of genocide, based on the scale, intent, and nature of the violence.
What was the nature of the 'Provisional Administration of East Bosnia' established by Chetniks?
Answer: An administration implementing discriminatory measures and massacres against Muslims and Croats.
The 'Provisional Administration of East Bosnia,' established by Chetniks with Italian approval, was characterized by discriminatory policies, systematic massacres, and the plunder of property targeting Muslim and Croat populations.
According to historian Marko Attila Hoare, Chetnik genocidal campaigns in eastern Bosnia occurred:
Answer: Before significant Ustasha genocidal campaigns began.
Historian Marko Attila Hoare posits that the genocidal campaigns conducted by Chetnik forces in eastern Bosnia during the period of late 1941 and early 1942 predated the commencement of substantial Ustasha genocidal operations in the same region.
Which of the following was NOT a method of violence employed by the Chetniks against civilians?
Answer: Systematic deportation to Allied POW camps.
While Chetniks engaged in massacres, ethnic cleansing, torture, executions, village destruction, and forced conversions, systematic deportation to Allied POW camps was not a characteristic method of their violence against civilians.
Chetniks terrorized civilians suspected of supporting which group?
Answer: The Yugoslav Partisans
Chetniks employed terror tactics against civilians perceived as supporters of the Yugoslav Partisans, aiming to suppress the rival resistance movement and consolidate their own influence.
Which of the following individuals was NOT identified in the source as a victim of Chetnik atrocities?
Answer: Serbian nationalist leader Kosta Pećanac
While Chetnik atrocities targeted religious figures, intellectuals, and poets such as Ivo Brnčić and Ivan Goran Kovačić, Serbian nationalist leader Kosta Pećanac is not identified in the source material as a victim of Chetnik atrocities.
Estimates suggest Chetnik actions in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in approximately how many deaths?
Answer: Approximately 65,000 to 68,000
Demographic analyses and historical research estimate that Chetnik actions in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the deaths of approximately 65,000 to 68,000 individuals, predominantly civilians.
What did Chetnik Commander Pavle Đurišić report regarding Muslim villages in Sandžak and southeastern Bosnia in early 1943?
Answer: They were completely burned and destroyed.
In early 1943, Chetnik Commander Pavle Đurišić reported that Muslim villages in Sandžak and southeastern Bosnia had undergone 'cleansing actions' involving their complete burning and destruction.
Which group's actions were noted by historian Marko Attila Hoare as being preceded by Chetnik genocidal campaigns in eastern Bosnia?
Answer: Ustashas
Historian Marko Attila Hoare highlights that the genocidal campaigns carried out by the Ustashas in eastern Bosnia were preceded by similar genocidal actions perpetrated by Chetnik forces in the same region during late 1941 and early 1942.
What was the estimated number of Muslims killed by Chetniks in the Priboj District alone, according to victim lists?
Answer: Up to 3,708
Victim lists compiled for the Priboj District indicate that Chetnik actions resulted in the deaths of up to 3,708 Muslims, with a significant portion of these victims being minors, primarily during massacres in early February 1943.
Chetnik actions in the Dalmatian Hinterland, like the October 1942 events, involved:
Answer: Massacres and destruction of Croat villages, sometimes supported by Italians.
In the Dalmatian Hinterland, Chetnik actions, often facilitated by Italian forces, included massacres and the destruction of Croat villages, such as the events in October 1942 and later reprisals in March 1944.
What was the stated goal regarding the Muslim population in the Foča region, according to Chetnik commander Dobroslav Jevđević?
Answer: To force them to accept Serb nationality or face consequences.
Cheftnik commander Dobroslav Jevđević proclaimed to the Muslim population of the Foča region that they must accept Serb nationality or face severe consequences, accompanying this declaration with massacres and forced conversion policies.
How did the Chetnik attitude towards Jews evolve during World War II?
Answer: Initially ambivalent, later adopting antisemitic themes and persecuting Jews.
The Chetnik movement's stance towards Jews was not consistently hostile; it evolved from initial ambivalence to the adoption of antisemitic propaganda and the persecution of Jews, including their killing and surrender to Axis authorities.
The destruction of mosques and Catholic churches by Chetniks was linked to their goal of:
Answer: Creating ethnically homogeneous territories by erasing non-Serb presence.
The destruction of mosques and Catholic churches by Chetnik forces was intrinsically linked to their objective of creating ethnically homogeneous Serbian territories, serving as a means to erase the cultural and religious presence of non-Serb populations.
Draža Mihailović was executed immediately after the end of World War II in 1945.
Answer: False
Draža Mihailović was captured in March 1946, subsequently tried for war crimes and treason, and executed in July 1946, which was after the formal conclusion of World War II in 1945.
Research into Chetnik genocide against Muslims began extensively in the 1990s due to earlier policies of silence under Tito.
Answer: True
The extensive academic investigation into Chetnik genocide against Muslims largely commenced in the 1990s. This followed decades where such crimes were often downplayed or suppressed under Tito's regime, which promoted a narrative of 'brotherhood and unity'.
What factor contributed to the delayed academic research into Chetnik genocide against Muslims?
Answer: Tito's policy of 'brotherhood and unity' downplaying such crimes.
The academic study of Chetnik genocide against Muslims was delayed, partly due to the post-war political climate under Tito, which emphasized 'brotherhood and unity' and tended to minimize or silence accounts of inter-ethnic atrocities committed by Chetnik forces.
What happened to Draža Mihailović in July 1946 after his capture and trial?
Answer: He was executed for war crimes and high treason.
Following his capture in March 1946 and subsequent trial, Draža Mihailović was convicted of war crimes and high treason and was executed in July 1946.