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Christian revival is defined as a period of unusual blessing and activity within the Christian Church, viewed by proponents as a restoration following moral decline.
Answer: True
The source defines Christian revival as a period of unusual blessing and activity within the Christian Church, which proponents view as a restoration after moral decline.
Proponents of Christian revival believe these events are primarily evangelistic campaigns rather than being instigated by God.
Answer: False
The source states that proponents of Christian revival believe these events are instigated by God, not merely evangelistic campaigns.
The concept of revival in Christian studies is primarily derived from New Testament narratives about the early Church.
Answer: False
The concept of revival in Christian studies is derived from biblical narratives detailing periods of national decline and restoration in Israelite history, not primarily from New Testament narratives.
King Josiah is noted for reinstituting temple worship of Yahweh and destroying pagan practices during a period of national revival.
Answer: True
The source identifies King Josiah as a notable figure who reinstituted the temple worship of Yahweh and destroyed pagan worship, marking a period of national revival.
How is Christian revival defined by its proponents?
Answer: A restoration of the Church to a vibrant and passionate relationship with God.
Proponents define Christian revival as a period of unusual blessing and activity within the Christian Church, viewed as a restoration to a vibrant and passionate relationship with God following moral decline.
From what biblical narratives is the concept of revival derived in Christian studies?
Answer: Narratives of national decline and restoration in Israelite history.
In Christian studies, the concept of revival is derived from biblical narratives detailing periods of national decline and restoration in the history of the Israelites.
Which biblical figure is particularly noted for reinstituting temple worship and destroying pagan practices during a period of national revival?
Answer: Josiah.
King Josiah is a notable biblical figure who reinstituted temple worship of Yahweh and actively destroyed pagan worship, marking a period of national revival.
17th-century Christian revivals were inspired by the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Counter-Reformation, and the Covenanters.
Answer: True
The source states that 17th-century Christian revivals drew inspiration from the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Counter-Reformation, and the unwavering stance of the Covenanters.
The uncompromising character of the Covenanters contributed to the mental framework for the American War of Independence and the Civil War.
Answer: True
The uncompromising character of the Covenanters, who migrated to America, formed part of the mental framework that contributed to the American War of Independence and the Civil War.
The 18th-century Age of Enlightenment produced a 'tertium quid' by blending Rationalist philosophy with Christian worship.
Answer: False
The 18th-century Age of Enlightenment produced a 'tertium quid' by blending proto-Romanticism (derived from the philosophy of Earl of Shaftesbury III) with Christian worship, not directly Rationalist philosophy.
John Wesley, Charles Wesley, and George Whitefield were key figures in the Methodist revival in England.
Answer: True
The source explicitly names John Wesley, Charles Wesley, and George Whitefield as leaders of the Methodist revival in England.
Daniel Rowland, Howel Harris, and William Williams Pantycelyn were leaders of the Methodist revival in England.
Answer: False
Daniel Rowland, Howel Harris, and William Williams Pantycelyn were key figures in the Methodist revival in Wales, not England.
The 'Cambuslang Work' was a large-scale revival that took place in England during the 18th century.
Answer: False
The 'Cambuslang Work' was a smaller-scale revival that occurred in Scotland, specifically in the village of Cambuslang, during the 18th century.
Methodist revivalist campaigns in 18th-century England emphasized a strategic evangelistic combination of 'Bible, cross, conversion, and activism'.
Answer: True
Methodist revivalist campaigns in 18th-century England were conducted with a careful strategy and stressed an evangelistic combination of 'Bible, cross, conversion, and activism'.
Elie Halévy proposed that politically conservative Methodism prevented a social revolution in England between 1790 and 1832.
Answer: True
Elie Halévy's thesis indeed proposed that politically conservative Methodism prevented a social revolution among the working class in England between 1790 and 1832.
The uncompromising character of the Covenanters contributed to the mental framework for which American conflicts?
Answer: The American War of Independence and the Civil War.
The uncompromising character of the Covenanters, who migrated to America, formed part of the mental framework that contributed to the American War of Independence and the Civil War.
The 18th-century Age of Enlightenment saw the emergence of a 'tertium quid' in Christian worship, resulting from the blending of proto-Romanticism with what?
Answer: Christian worship.
The 18th-century Age of Enlightenment produced a 'tertium quid' by blending proto-Romanticism with Christian worship, as described in the source.
What was a key characteristic of Methodist revivalist campaigns in 18th-century England?
Answer: An evangelistic combination of 'Bible, cross, conversion, and activism'.
Methodist revivalist campaigns in 18th-century England stressed an evangelistic combination of 'Bible, cross, conversion, and activism'.
What was Elie Halévy's thesis regarding Methodism's role in England between 1790 and 1832?
Answer: It prevented a social revolution by diverting working-class energies towards spiritual concerns.
Elie Halévy proposed that politically conservative Methodism prevented a social revolution among the working class in England between 1790 and 1832 by diverting their energies towards spiritual rather than temporal concerns.
What was Alan Gilbert's perspective on Methodism's supposed anti-radicalism?
Answer: He suggested it has been misunderstood, and most Methodists were moderate radicals.
Alan Gilbert suggested that Methodism's perceived anti-radicalism has been misunderstood, proposing that the majority of Methodists were actually moderate radicals.
Who were the key figures in the Methodist revival in Wales during the 18th century?
Answer: Daniel Rowland, Howel Harris, and William Williams Pantycelyn.
Daniel Rowland, Howel Harris, and William Williams Pantycelyn were key figures in the Methodist revival in Wales during the 18th century.
What historical group's unwavering stance in 17th-century Scotland and Ulster inspired many Christian revivals?
Answer: The Covenanters.
Many Christian revivals in the 17th century drew inspiration from the unwavering stance of the Covenanters in 17th-century Scotland and Ulster.
Which historian questioned Halévy's thesis, arguing that Methodism was not large enough to have prevented a revolution?
Answer: Eric Hobsbawm.
Eric Hobsbawm questioned Halévy's thesis, arguing that Methodism was not large enough to have prevented a revolution.
American society experienced 'Awakenings' only in the 18th century, not the 19th.
Answer: False
American society experienced 'Awakenings' in both the 18th and 19th centuries, specifically around the years 1727, 1792, 1830, 1857, and 1882.
The First Great Awakening primarily aimed to reach non-believers and convert them to Christianity.
Answer: False
The First Great Awakening primarily focused on individuals who were already church members, aiming to change their rituals, piety, and self-awareness, unlike the Second Great Awakening which targeted non-believers.
A significant social impact of the First Great Awakening was bringing Christianity to enslaved Americans.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that a significant social impact of the First Great Awakening was bringing Christianity to enslaved Americans.
The First Great Awakening caused division between traditionalists and revivalists, with George Whitefield exemplifying the latter by rejecting Anglican teachings.
Answer: True
The First Great Awakening indeed incited rancor and division between traditionalists and revivalists, with George Whitefield's rejection of Anglican teachings serving as a prime example.
The First Great Awakening strengthened smaller denominations like Baptists and Methodists, but had little impact on larger ones like Congregationalists.
Answer: False
The democratic features of the First Great Awakening had a major impact in shaping and strengthening larger denominations like Congregational, Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, and German Reformed, in addition to smaller ones like Baptists and Methodists.
The Second Great Awakening (1800–1830s) was characterized by a focus on intellectual discourse rather than personal salvation experiences.
Answer: False
The Second Great Awakening was characterized by renewed personal salvation experiences in revival meetings, not primarily intellectual discourse.
Charles Grandison Finney was a major leader of the Second Great Awakening.
Answer: True
The source explicitly lists Charles Grandison Finney as a major leader of the Second Great Awakening.
Charles Finney viewed revival as a miracle, not a matter of free will.
Answer: False
Charles Finney viewed revival not as a miracle but as a change of mindset, ultimately a matter of an individual's free will.
The Second Great Awakening in New England inspired social activism, including abolitionism.
Answer: True
The renewed interest in religion during the Second Great Awakening in New England inspired a wave of social activism, most notably abolitionism.
The Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) emerged from the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement.
Answer: True
The source states that the Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) arose from the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement.
The Scottish camp meeting was introduced to America during the First Great Awakening.
Answer: False
The Scottish camp meeting was introduced to America during the Second Great Awakening, not the First.
Which of the following was NOT a major leader of the Second Great Awakening?
Answer: John Wesley.
John Wesley was a key figure in the Methodist revival in 18th-century England, while Charles Grandison Finney, Lyman Beecher, and Barton Stone were leaders of the Second Great Awakening in America.
What significant social activism was inspired by the renewed religious interest in New England during the Second Great Awakening?
Answer: Abolitionism.
In New England, the renewed interest in religion during the Second Great Awakening inspired a wave of social activism, most notably abolitionism.
What was a primary characteristic of the First Great Awakening in the American colonies?
Answer: It was characterized by powerful preaching that instilled a deep sense of personal guilt and salvation in existing church members.
The First Great Awakening was characterized by powerful preaching that instilled a deep sense of personal guilt and the experience of salvation through Christ in existing church members.
According to historian Sydney E. Ahlstrom, the First Great Awakening was part of a 'great international Protestant upheaval' that also gave rise to which movements?
Answer: Pietism in Germany and the Evangelical Revival and Methodism in England.
Historian Sydney E. Ahlstrom viewed the First Great Awakening as part of a 'great international Protestant upheaval' that also gave rise to Pietism in Germany and the Evangelical Revival and Methodism in England.
What caused rancor and division during the First Great Awakening in New England?
Answer: Disagreements between traditionalists advocating ritual and doctrine, and revivalists disregarding them.
The First Great Awakening incited rancor and division between traditionalists, who advocated for ritual and doctrine, and revivalists, who often disregarded or actively contradicted established doctrine.
How did the First Great Awakening differ from the Second Great Awakening in its primary focus?
Answer: The First focused on existing church members, while the Second aimed to reach non-believers.
The First Great Awakening primarily focused on individuals who were already church members, whereas the Second Great Awakening aimed to reach non-believers.
What was a significant social impact of the First Great Awakening in New England, besides bringing Christianity to enslaved Americans?
Answer: It was a groundbreaking event that challenged established religious authority.
The First Great Awakening was a groundbreaking event in New England that challenged established religious authority.
Charles Finney, a leader of the evangelical revival movement, viewed revival primarily as what?
Answer: A change of mindset and a matter of individual free will.
Charles Finney viewed revival not as a miracle but as a change of mindset, fundamentally a matter of an individual's free will.
Which new denominations arose from the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement during the Second Great Awakening?
Answer: Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).
The Churches of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) arose from the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement during the Second Great Awakening.
Which of the following years is NOT identified as a period of 'Awakening' in American society during the 18th and 19th centuries?
Answer: 1900.
The identified 'Awakenings' in American society during the 18th and 19th centuries occurred around 1727, 1792, 1830, 1857, and 1882. 1900 is not listed.
Which of the following denominations were significantly shaped or strengthened by the democratic features of the First Great Awakening?
Answer: Congregational, Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, and German Reformed.
The democratic features of the First Great Awakening had a major impact in shaping and strengthening the Congregational, Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, and German Reformed denominations, as well as smaller Baptist and Methodist denominations.
What new form of religious expression was introduced to America during the Second Great Awakening?
Answer: The Scottish camp meeting.
The Scottish camp meeting was introduced as a new form of religious expression to America during the Second Great Awakening.
The Hungarian Baptist Church formed in the late 1800s due to a revival movement in Transylvania, led primarily by educated theologians.
Answer: False
The Hungarian Baptist Church emerged from a revival movement in Transylvania primarily spearheaded by uneducated laymen, not educated theologians.
Thomas Chalmers led the Disruption of 1843, forming the Free Church of Scotland, after initially opposing evangelicalism.
Answer: True
Thomas Chalmers, after initially opposing evangelicalism, became an evangelical and led the Disruption of 1843, which resulted in the formation of the Free Church of Scotland.
The Plymouth Brethren movement began in the 19th century due to a desire for stronger denominational ties.
Answer: False
The Plymouth Brethren movement began in the 19th century stemming from disillusionment with denominationalism and clerical hierarchy, not a desire for stronger denominational ties.
The Oxford Movement aimed to distance the Church of England from Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals.
Answer: False
The Oxford Movement aimed to renew the Church of England by reviving certain Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals, thereby distinguishing itself from evangelical enthusiasm, not distancing itself from Roman Catholic doctrines.
The Great Awakening of 1858–59 in Australia primarily benefited the Anglican Church, with little impact on Methodists.
Answer: False
The Great Awakening of 1858–59 in Australia primarily benefited the Methodist Church, which experienced a 72% growth, though other denominations including Anglicans also benefited.
The Grundtvigian and Home Mission revival movements arose in Denmark after 1860, influencing Danish immigrants to America.
Answer: True
The source states that the Grundtvigian and Home Mission revival movements arose in Denmark after 1860, reshaping the religious landscape and influencing Danish immigrants to America.
Gisle Johnson initiated the Johnsonian Revivals within Norwegian Orthodox Lutheranism.
Answer: True
The source explicitly names Gisle Johnson as the initiator of the Johnsonian Revivals within Norwegian Orthodox Lutheranism.
Hans Nielsen Hauge's revivals in Norway were important for introducing lay preaching and non-sanctioned congregational gatherings.
Answer: True
The lasting importance of Hans Nielsen Hauge's revivals in Norway was threefold: they introduced revivalism, established lay preaching, and instituted conventicles (non-sanctioned congregational gatherings).
Le Réveil was a revival of Protestant Christianity along liberal theological lines in German-speaking Europe.
Answer: False
Le Réveil was a significant revival of Protestant Christianity along conservative evangelical lines, not liberal theological lines.
Johann Georg Hamann was a leader in the German-speaking European evangelical movement, Erweckung.
Answer: True
The source identifies Johann Georg Hamann as a leader in the German-speaking European evangelical movement, Erweckung.
The Le Réveil movement inspired the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Answer: True
The source states that the Le Réveil movement inspired the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva in 1863.
Who was a prominent Lutheran leader in the German-speaking European evangelical movement, Erweckung?
Answer: Johann Georg Hamann.
Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788), a Lutheran, was a prominent leader in the German-speaking European evangelical movement known as Erweckung.
What humanitarian organization was inspired by the Le Réveil movement?
Answer: The International Committee of the Red Cross.
The Le Réveil movement inspired the International Committee of the Red Cross, established in Geneva in 1863 by followers of the movement.
In the Netherlands, Le Réveil led to the formation of which types of political parties?
Answer: Anti-revolutionary and Christian historical.
In the Netherlands, Le Réveil was politically influential and led to the formation of anti-revolutionary and Christian historical political parties towards the end of the 19th century.
The Plymouth Brethren movement originated from disillusionment with what aspects of established churches?
Answer: Denominationalism and clerical hierarchy.
The Plymouth Brethren movement stemmed from disillusionment with denominationalism and clerical hierarchy within established churches.
The Hungarian Baptist Church in Transylvania emerged in the late 1800s primarily spearheaded by whom?
Answer: Uneducated laymen.
The Hungarian Baptist Church emerged from a revival movement primarily spearheaded by uneducated laymen, referred to as 'peasant prophets'.
Who led the Disruption of 1843, resulting in the formation of the Free Church of Scotland?
Answer: Thomas Chalmers.
Thomas Chalmers led the Disruption of 1843, which resulted in the formation of the Free Church of Scotland.
What was the primary aim of the Oxford Movement, initiated by John Henry Newman and John Keble?
Answer: To renew the Church of England by reviving certain Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals.
The Oxford Movement aimed to renew the Church of England by reviving certain Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals, thereby distinguishing itself from evangelical enthusiasm.
Which Danish revival movements emerged after 1860, reshaping the religious landscape and influencing Danish immigrants to America?
Answer: The Grundtvigian and Home Mission revival movements.
After 1860, the Grundtvigian and Home Mission revival movements arose in Denmark, reshaping the religious landscape and influencing Danish immigrants to America.
Le Réveil in European Protestant history is described as a significant revival of Protestant Christianity along what lines?
Answer: Conservative evangelical lines.
Le Réveil was a significant revival of Protestant Christianity along conservative evangelical lines.
To achieve universal appeal, the 19th-century revivalist movement in Britain undertook special initiatives to attract which group?
Answer: Children.
The 19th-century revivalist movement in Britain undertook special initiatives to attract children, among other groups, to achieve universal appeal.
Which denomination primarily fostered the Great Awakening of 1858–59 in Australia, experiencing a 72% growth?
Answer: Methodist Church.
The Great Awakening of 1858–59 in Australia was primarily fostered by the Methodist Church, which experienced a staggering 72% growth.
What did Stuart Piggin's 1988 work suggest should be considered when periodizing the history of the evangelical movement in Australia?
Answer: The role of revivalism and shifts between personal holiness and social concerns.
Stuart Piggin's 1988 work suggested that the role of revivalism and the shifts between emphasizing personal holiness and social concerns should be considered when periodizing the history of the evangelical movement in Australia.
Who initiated the Johnsonian Revivals within Norwegian Orthodox Lutheranism?
Answer: Gisle Johnson.
Gisle Johnson initiated the Johnsonian Revivals within Norwegian Orthodox Lutheranism.
How did the Johnsonian Revivals expand pietistic emphases in Norway?
Answer: By promoting lay preaching, Bible study, and Christian literature distribution.
The Johnsonian Revivals expanded pietistic emphases in Norway by promoting lay preaching, Bible study, and Christian literature distribution, and by addressing impoverished conditions.
The 1906 Azusa Street Revival was a notable Christian revival of the 20th century.
Answer: True
The 1906 Azusa Street Revival is explicitly listed as a notable Christian revival of the 20th century in the provided source.
The Third Great Awakening began in 1857 in Canada and spread throughout the English-speaking world.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the Third Great Awakening began in 1857 in Canada and subsequently spread throughout the English-speaking world.
Businessman Jeremiah Lanphier initiated the prayer meetings that marked the beginning of the 1857–1860 revival in America.
Answer: True
The source states that businessman Jeremiah Lanphier initiated a series of prayer meetings in New York on September 21, 1857, which are considered the beginning of the 1857–1860 revival in America.
Charles Finney estimated that no less than 5,000 conversions occurred weekly during the winter of 1857–58 revival.
Answer: False
Charles Finney estimated that no less than 50,000 conversions occurred weekly during the winter of 1857–58 revival, not 5,000.
The 1859 Ulster Revival originated from a weekly prayer meeting started by four young Irishmen in Connor.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the 1859 Ulster Revival is generally regarded to have originated from a weekly prayer meeting started in 1857 by four young Irishmen in the village of Connor.
The third Great Awakening (1904 onwards) had its roots in the rationalist movement of the late 19th century.
Answer: False
The third Great Awakening (1904 onwards) had its roots in the holiness movement that developed in the late 19th century, not the rationalist movement.
The modern Pentecostal movement was born in 1906 at Azusa Street in Los Angeles.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that the modern Pentecostal movement was born in 1906 at Azusa Street in Los Angeles.
The 1904–05 Welsh revival primarily relied on powerful preaching, similar to earlier revivals.
Answer: False
Unlike earlier religious revivals that largely centered on powerful preaching, the 1904–05 Welsh revival primarily relied on music and paranormal phenomena, such as the visions experienced by Evan Roberts.
The Pyongyang Great Revival began in 1907 when Korean Protestantism was well-established for over 50 years.
Answer: False
The Pyongyang Great Revival began in 1907 when Korean Protestantism was relatively nascent, having been established for barely 20 years, not over 50 years.
Who initiated the series of prayer meetings in New York that marked the beginning of the 1857–1860 revival in America?
Answer: Jeremiah Lanphier.
Businessman Jeremiah Lanphier initiated a series of prayer meetings in New York on September 21, 1857, which are considered the beginning of the 1857–1860 revival in America.
The 1859 Ulster Revival is generally regarded to have originated from a weekly prayer meeting started by four young Irishmen in which village?
Answer: Connor.
The origin of the 1859 Ulster Revival is generally attributed to a weekly prayer meeting started in 1857 by four young Irishmen in the village of Connor, near Ballymena.
Which of the following was a notable Christian revival in the 20th century, according to the source?
Answer: The 1906 Azusa Street Revival.
The 1906 Azusa Street Revival is listed as a notable Christian revival of the 20th century in the provided source.
Which of these figures was a founder of the Salvation Army and associated with the Third Great Awakening?
Answer: William Booth.
William Booth, a founder of the Salvation Army, is listed as a significant figure associated with the Third Great Awakening.
By early 1858, how many people were reported to be attending various prayer meetings in New York, according to newspapers?
Answer: Over 6,000.
By early 1858, newspapers reported that over 6,000 people were attending various prayer meetings in New York.
Charles Finney estimated that during the winter of 1857–58 revival, how many conversions occurred weekly?
Answer: No less than 50,000.
Charles Finney estimated that no less than 50,000 conversions occurred weekly during the winter of 1857–58 revival.
Billy Graham's Crusades had a significant impact on Australian Churches in the 1950s.
Answer: True
The source confirms that American evangelist Billy Graham's Crusades had a significant impact on Australian Churches in the 1950s.
The Hebrides Revival (1949-1957) began after octogenarian sisters Peggy and Christine Smith initiated consistent prayer.
Answer: True
The source states that the Hebrides Revival began after octogenarian sisters Peggy and Christine Smith initiated consistent prayer and became convinced of an imminent revival.
The 2023 Asbury revival involved students at Asbury College in Kentucky.
Answer: True
The source confirms that the 2023 Asbury revival involved students at Asbury College in Kentucky, United States.
How did the Hebrides Revival (1949-1957) begin on the Isle of Lewis?
Answer: After octogenarian sisters Peggy and Christine Smith initiated consistent prayer and became convinced of an imminent revival.
The Hebrides Revival began after octogenarian sisters Peggy and Christine Smith initiated consistent prayer and became convinced that a revival was imminent, leading them to call for church leaders to pray.
What supernatural event did Duncan Campbell describe at the beginning of the Hebrides Revival?
Answer: About a dozen men and women lying prostrate on the floor, speechless.
Duncan Campbell described about a dozen men and women lying prostrate on the floor, speechless, as a supernatural event at the beginning of the Hebrides Revival.
What notable Christian revival occurred in February 2023?
Answer: The Asbury revival.
The 2023 Asbury revival, involving students at Asbury College in Kentucky, is identified as a notable Christian revival that occurred in February 2023.
Which American evangelist's Crusades had a significant impact on Australian Churches in the 1950s?
Answer: Billy Graham.
American evangelist Billy Graham's Crusades had a significant impact on Australian Churches in the 1950s.