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The Indian National Congress was founded by Aurobindo Ghosh in 1885 to promote militant nationalism.
Answer: False
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. O. Hume to advocate for political liberalization and social reform, not by Aurobindo Ghosh to promote militant nationalism.
Organized political terrorism in India at the turn of the 20th century primarily emerged in Maharashtra and Madras.
Answer: False
Organized political terrorism at the turn of the 20th century primarily emerged in Bengal, with smaller movements in Maharashtra and Madras.
The 1905 Partition of Bengal significantly boosted support for the Anushilan Samiti among educated young people.
Answer: True
The controversial 1905 Partition of Bengal indeed stimulated radical nationalist sentiments and helped the Anushilan Samiti gain a strong support base among educated young people in Bengal.
Hem Chandra Kanungo was sent to London in 1907 to learn bomb-making from Russian revolutionaries.
Answer: False
Hem Chandra Kanungo was sent to Paris in 1907 to learn bomb-making from Russian revolutionaries, not London.
The Rodda & Co. robbery in 1914 was a minor incident involving the theft of revolutionary literature.
Answer: False
The Rodda & Co. robbery in 1914 was a significant, politically motivated armed robbery that secured ten cases of arms and ammunition, including 50 Mauser Pistols and 46,000 rounds, for Jugantar's campaign.
What factor contributed to the growing sense of Indian nationalism in the late 19th century?
Answer: Increased British East India Company dominance and competition among regional powers.
The growth of the Indian middle class, coupled with competition among regional powers and the increasing dominance of the British East India Company, fostered a developing sense of 'Indian' identity and a rising tide of nationalism.
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
Answer: A. O. Hume
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A. O. Hume.
Where did organized political terrorism first emerge in India at the beginning of the 20th century?
Answer: Bengal
Organized political terrorism began to emerge primarily in Bengal at the beginning of the 20th century.
Which event significantly stimulated radical nationalist sentiments within the Bhadralok community in Bengal and helped the Anushilan Samiti gain support?
Answer: The 1905 Partition of Bengal
The controversial 1905 Partition of Bengal had a significant political impact, stimulating radical nationalist sentiments and helping the Anushilan Samiti gain a strong support base.
Who initiated the radical Bengali nationalist publication 'Jugantar' and its English counterpart 'Bande Mataram' in 1907?
Answer: Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal
'Jugantar' and 'Bande Mataram' were initiated in 1907 by Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal to promote their nationalist views.
What was the outcome for Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki after the Muzaffarpur bombing in 1908?
Answer: Khudiram Bose was arrested, and Prafulla Chaki committed suicide.
After the Muzaffarpur bombing in 1908, Khudiram Bose was arrested while fleeing, and Prafulla Chaki committed suicide.
What new strategic vision emerged among militant nationalists during the Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy trial?
Answer: A plan to initiate guerrilla warfare with German support during an Anglo-German conflict.
During the Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy trial, militant nationalists envisioned an Anglo-German conflict and planned to initiate a guerrilla warfare campaign with German support.
What was the significance of the 'Rodda & Co.' robbery on August 26, 1914?
Answer: It was a politically motivated armed robbery to obtain arms and ammunition for Jugantar's campaign.
The Rodda & Co. robbery on August 26, 1914, was a politically motivated armed robbery that secured significant arms and ammunition for Jugantar's campaign.
What was Hem Chandra Kanungo's role in the Anushilan Samiti's international efforts?
Answer: He was sent to Paris in 1907 to learn bomb-making from Russian revolutionaries.
Hem Chandra Kanungo was sent to Paris in 1907 to learn bomb-making from Russian revolutionaries, a crucial step in the Anushilan Samiti's militant activities.
The first Christmas Day plot, a conspiracy by the Indian revolutionary movement in 1909, aimed to assassinate high-ranking British officials at a ball in Calcutta.
Answer: True
The first Christmas Day plot in 1909 aimed to disrupt the colonial government by detonating explosives at a ball attended by high-ranking British officials in Calcutta, including the Viceroy and Commander-in-Chief.
The second Christmas Day plot, scheduled for 1915, was a plan for an insurrection in Bengal with support from German arms.
Answer: True
The second Christmas Day plot, scheduled for Christmas Day 1915, was indeed a plan for an insurrection in Bengal, British India, with anticipated support from German arms, as part of the broader Hindu-German Conspiracy.
The second Christmas Day plot was exclusively focused on Bengal and did not involve coordination with other regions.
Answer: False
The second Christmas Day plot was planned to be coordinated with simultaneous uprisings in Burma and Siam, and included a German raid on Madras and the Andaman Islands, indicating it was not exclusively focused on Bengal.
The planned mutiny in Burma was intended to prevent British reinforcements from reaching Bengal, giving the Bengal group time to capture Calcutta.
Answer: True
The mutiny planned for Burma was indeed intended to provide the Bengal group with sufficient time to capture Calcutta by preventing British reinforcements from being rapidly deployed to the region.
M. Arsenyev, the Russian Consul-General, reported that the 1909 Christmas Day plot aimed to create a general perturbation of minds to allow revolutionaries to seize power.
Answer: True
M. Arsenyev, the Russian Consul-General, reported in February 1910 that the 1909 Christmas Day plot intended to 'arouse in the country a general perturbation of minds and, thereby, afford the revolutionaries an opportunity to take the power in their hands.'
What was the primary objective of the first Christmas Day plot in 1909?
Answer: To disrupt the colonial government by blowing up a ball attended by high-ranking British officials in Calcutta.
The first Christmas Day plot in 1909 aimed to disrupt the colonial government by detonating explosives at a ball hosted by the Governor of Bengal in Calcutta, targeting high-ranking British officials.
Who were the key figures whose followers conceived the first Christmas Day plot?
Answer: Jatindranath Mukherjee
The first Christmas Day plot was conceived by followers of Jatindranath Mukherjee, with conspirators also present within the 10th Jat Regiment.
What was the scheduled date for the second Christmas Day plot, which aimed to initiate an insurrection in Bengal?
Answer: December 25, 1915
The second Christmas Day plot, a plan for an insurrection in Bengal, was scheduled for Christmas Day, 1915.
Which of the following was NOT a region planned for a coordinated uprising as part of the second Christmas Day plot?
Answer: Goa
The second Christmas Day plot included planned uprisings in Burma and Siam, and a German raid on Madras and the Andaman Islands. Goa was not mentioned as a planned region for uprising.
What was the primary objective of the second Christmas Day plot concerning Calcutta?
Answer: To seize Fort William, isolate Bengal, and capture Calcutta as a staging ground for a pan-Indian revolution.
The primary objective of the second Christmas Day plot was to seize Fort William, isolate Bengal from British control, and capture Calcutta to use it as a staging ground for a pan-Indian revolution.
What was the strategic purpose of the planned mutiny in Burma as part of the Christmas Day plot?
Answer: To provide the Bengal group with time to capture Calcutta by preventing British reinforcements.
The mutiny planned for Burma was intended to provide the Bengal group with time to capture Calcutta and prevent British reinforcements from being rushed into the region.
What was the significance of the 10th Jat Regiment in the first Christmas Day plot?
Answer: They were responsible for security at the Governor's ball and had conspirators within their ranks.
The 10th Jat Regiment was responsible for security at the Governor's ball, and conspirators within its ranks planned to exploit this position to aid the revolutionary cause.
Who was M. Arsenyev, and what did his report indicate about the 1909 plot?
Answer: The Russian Consul-General who reported the plot aimed to cause general perturbation and allow revolutionaries to seize power.
M. Arsenyev, the Russian Consul-General, reported that the 1909 Christmas Day plot aimed to create a general perturbation of minds, enabling revolutionaries to seize power.
The Hindu-German Conspiracy was a series of plans coordinated between Indian nationalist groups and the German Foreign Office during World War I.
Answer: True
The Hindu-German Conspiracy was indeed a series of plans coordinated between the Indian nationalist underground, the German-established 'Indian independence committee' in Berlin, the Ghadar Party, and the German Foreign Office during World War I.
Jatin Mukherjee and Naren Bhattacharya secured an assurance from the German Crown Prince in 1912 for arms and ammunition.
Answer: True
In 1912, Jatin Mukherjee and Naren Bhattacharya met with the German Crown Prince in Calcutta and secured an assurance for arms and ammunition for their revolutionary efforts.
Germany decided to support Indian nationalists during World War I to strengthen British war efforts.
Answer: False
Germany decided to support Indian nationalists during World War I to *weaken* British war efforts by targeting their colonial empire, not to strengthen them.
Franz von Papen procured $200,000 worth of small arms and ammunition for the Indian uprising, including Springfield rifles and Gatling guns.
Answer: True
Franz von Papen procured $200,000 worth of small arms and ammunition, including Springfield rifles and Gatling guns (across two shipments), for the Indian uprising.
The German plan for the Andaman Islands penal colony involved releasing political prisoners to form an expeditionary Indian force.
Answer: True
The German plan for the Andaman Islands penal colony involved raiding it to release political prisoners and form an expeditionary Indian force from them, posing a threat to the Indian coast.
What significant assurance did Jatin Mukherjee and Naren Bhattacharya secure from the German Crown Prince in 1912?
Answer: Arms and ammunition for their revolutionary efforts.
In 1912, Jatin Mukherjee and Naren Bhattacharya secured an assurance from the German Crown Prince for arms and ammunition to support their revolutionary efforts.
What was the primary objective of the 'Hindu-German Conspiracy' during World War I?
Answer: To incite a nationalist uprising in India against British rule with German support.
The primary objective of the Hindu-German Conspiracy during World War I was to incite a nationalist uprising in India against British rule with German support.
Who led the Intelligence Bureau for the East, a German entity tasked with inciting nationalist unrest in India?
Answer: Max von Oppenheim
The Intelligence Bureau for the East, tasked with inciting nationalist unrest in India, was led by archaeologist and historian Max von Oppenheim.
Who was Satyendra Sen, and what intelligence did he bring back from San Francisco in November 1914?
Answer: He was a party member who brought intelligence about German arms shipments for India.
Satyendra Sen was a party member sent by Jatin Mukherjee to San Francisco who returned with intelligence regarding German arms shipments for India.
Rash Behari's plans for mutiny in February 1915 failed because the Ghadar uprising in Punjab was postponed.
Answer: False
Rash Behari's plans for mutiny in February 1915 failed because the Ghadar uprising in Punjab rose *prematurely* and was exposed by a spy, Kirpal Singh, not because it was postponed.
The 'Annie Larsen affair' successfully delivered a substantial shipment of German arms to Indian revolutionaries.
Answer: False
The 'Annie Larsen affair' was unsuccessful; ineffective coordination led to a failed rendezvous, and the cargo of German arms was ultimately confiscated by US customs.
The SS Maverick successfully delivered arms and ammunition to the Dutch East Indies for the Indian uprising.
Answer: False
The SS Maverick did not carry the anticipated arms and ammunition; the shipment had been thwarted, and it only carried revolutionary literature and a few Indian revolutionaries.
The Berlin Committee altered the arms transport strategy to use Karachi as the primary landing site for German arms.
Answer: False
The Berlin Committee altered the arms transport strategy to use eastern coast sites like Hatia, Raimangal, and Balasore, *deviating* from the initial plan to use Karachi.
The Siam-Burma plan was successfully executed, leading to a significant uprising in Burma.
Answer: False
The Siam-Burma plan was discovered by Thai Police, leading to arrests and only a single, failed raid into Burma, which did not result in a significant uprising.
Ashwini Lal Roy was tasked with receiving the SS Maverick at Raimangal, one of the designated landing sites for arms.
Answer: True
Ashwini Lal Roy, a member of Jatin Mukherjee's group, was specifically tasked with receiving the SS Maverick at Raimangal, a designated arms landing site on the Bay of Bengal coast.
The Burma Military Police, targeted for infiltration by the Ghadar movement, was primarily composed of British officers.
Answer: False
The Burma Military Police, targeted by the Ghadar movement, was predominantly composed of Sikhs and Punjabi Muslims, not primarily British officers.
Why did Rash Behari's plans for mutiny in February 1915 fail?
Answer: The Ghadar uprising in Punjab rose prematurely and was exposed by a spy.
Rash Behari's plans for mutiny failed because the Ghadar uprising in Punjab rose prematurely and was exposed by a spy, Kirpal Singh.
What did the SS Maverick carry when it traversed the Pacific towards the Dutch East Indies?
Answer: Bundles of revolutionary literature and a few Indian revolutionaries.
The SS Maverick, after its arms shipment was thwarted, carried only bundles of revolutionary literature and a few Indian revolutionaries when it traversed the Pacific.
Which of the following was NOT a landing site on the eastern coast of India chosen by the Berlin Committee for arms transport?
Answer: Karachi
The Berlin Committee altered the strategy to use Hatia, Raimangal, and Balasore as landing sites on the eastern coast, deviating from the initial plan to use Karachi.
What was the outcome of the Siam-Burma plan?
Answer: It was discovered by Thai Police, leading to arrests and only a single failed raid into Burma.
The Siam-Burma plan was discovered by Thai Police, resulting in arrests and only a single, failed raid into Burma by six Ghadarites, who were subsequently captured and executed.
What was Ashwini Lal Roy's specific task in the Christmas Day plot?
Answer: To receive the SS Maverick at Raimangal, a designated arms landing site.
Ashwini Lal Roy was tasked with receiving the SS Maverick at Raimangal, one of the designated landing sites for arms on the Bay of Bengal coast.
What was the primary composition of the Burma Military Police that the Ghadar movement sought to infiltrate?
Answer: Predominantly Sikhs and Punjabi Muslims.
The Burma Military Police, targeted for infiltration by the Ghadar movement, was predominantly composed of Sikhs and Punjabi Muslims.
Jatindra Nath Mukherjee assumed leadership of the secret society, later known as the Jugantar Party, after avoiding apprehension in the Alipore case.
Answer: True
Jatindra Nath Mukherjee, having evaded arrest in the Alipore case, indeed assumed leadership of the secret society, which subsequently became known as the Jugantar Party.
Sramajeebi Samabaya and Harry & Sons were legitimate businesses that had no connection to revolutionary activities.
Answer: False
Sramajeebi Samabaya and Harry & Sons were ostensibly independent organizations that served as fronts for the revolutionary group's clandestine activities, including fundraising through robberies.
Lala Har Dayal founded the Ghadar movement in London after fleeing San Francisco.
Answer: False
Lala Har Dayal founded the Ghadar movement in San Francisco after fleeing there, not in London.
The Ghadar Party was responsible for rallying Indian army Sepoys and organizing for a potential mutiny in Punjab.
Answer: True
The Ghadar Party played a crucial role in rallying Indian army Sepoys and organizing for a potential mutiny in Punjab as part of the broader German-Indian conspiracy.
After the failed February mutiny, Jatin Mukherjee relocated to Balasore on the Orissa coast due to its proximity to the intended German arms delivery site.
Answer: True
Following the unsuccessful February mutiny and increased police surveillance, Jatin Mukherjee relocated to Balasore on the Orissa coast, a location strategically chosen for its proximity to the intended German arms delivery site.
Jatin Mukherjee died from his wounds in Balasore hospital on September 10, 1915, after a gunfight with government forces.
Answer: True
Jatin Mukherjee, also known as Bagha Jatin, succumbed to his wounds in Balasore hospital on September 10, 1915, following a seventy-five-minute gunfight with government forces.
Which revolutionary group led the second Christmas Day plot in Bengal?
Answer: The Jugantar group
The second Christmas Day plot in Bengal was conceived and led by the Jugantar group, under the leadership of Jatindranath Mukherjee.
Who assumed leadership of the secret society, later known as the Jugantar Party, after the Alipore Conspiracy case?
Answer: Jatindra Nath Mukherjee
Jatindra Nath Mukherjee, who avoided apprehension in the Alipore case, assumed leadership of the secret society, which subsequently became known as the Jugantar Party.
What were 'Sramajeebi Samabaya' and 'Harry & Sons' used for by the revolutionary group?
Answer: As fronts for clandestine activities and fundraising through robberies.
Sramajeebi Samabaya and Harry & Sons were ostensibly independent organizations that served as fronts for the revolutionary group's clandestine activities, including fundraising through robberies.
Who became a leading organizer of Indian nationalism among immigrant workers in San Francisco and founded the Ghadar movement?
Answer: Lala Har Dayal
Lala Har Dayal became a leading organizer of Indian nationalism among immigrant workers in San Francisco and founded the Ghadar movement.
Where did Jatin Mukherjee relocate after the unsuccessful February mutiny and increased police surveillance?
Answer: Balasore on the Orissa coast
Following the unsuccessful February mutiny and increased police surveillance, Jatin Mukherjee relocated to Balasore on the Orissa coast, chosen for its proximity to the intended German arms delivery site.
What was the 'Universal Emporium' established for by the revolutionary network?
Answer: To streamline communication with Jatin Mukherjee and maintain overseas revolutionary connections.
The 'Universal Emporium' was established as a branch of Harry & Sons to streamline communication with Jatin Mukherjee and maintain connections with revolutionaries overseas.
What was the outcome of the gunfight involving Jatin Mukherjee and his companions in Balasore on September 9, 1915?
Answer: Jatin Mukherjee and Jatish were seriously wounded, and Jatin died the next day.
In the gunfight at Balasore on September 9, 1915, Jatin Mukherjee and Jatish were seriously wounded, with Jatin succumbing to his injuries the following day.
Who was Niralamba Swami, and what was his role in connecting revolutionary cells?
Answer: An early Anushilan member who established links between revolutionary cells in different regions.
Niralamba Swami, an early Anushilan member, traveled across India establishing links between revolutionary cells in different regions, including the United Provinces and Punjab.
What was Jatin Mukherjee's cover occupation after his release from the Howrah-Sibpur case and suspension from government service?
Answer: A contractor for the railway network in Bengal.
After his release and suspension from government service, Jatin Mukherjee worked as a contractor for the railway network in Bengal, using this as a cover for his revolutionary activities.
The first Christmas Day plot was ultimately thwarted due to a pre-emptive police raid based on long-standing intelligence.
Answer: False
The first Christmas Day plot was thwarted by a betrayal from one of the soldiers involved, not a pre-emptive police raid based on long-standing intelligence. The police had no prior suspicion.
The Alipore Conspiracy trial led to Aurobindo Ghosh retiring from active politics after serving a prison sentence.
Answer: True
The Alipore Conspiracy trial resulted in Aurobindo Ghosh retiring from active politics after serving a prison sentence, while his brother Barin was imprisoned for life.
Vincent Kraft, a German planter, was a key figure in organizing the German arms shipments and remained loyal to the plot.
Answer: False
Vincent Kraft was a German planter who acted as a double agent and leaked details of the German arms shipment plans to British intelligence after his capture, thus betraying the plot.
British authorities responded to the exposed Christmas Day plot by sealing off all sea approaches on the eastern coast of India.
Answer: True
Upon uncovering the plot, British authorities immediately sealed off all sea approaches on the eastern coast of India, from Noakhali-Chittagong to Orissa, to prevent the landing of German arms.
Nandalal Bannerjee was a revolutionary leader who was assassinated by British police.
Answer: False
Nandalal Bannerjee was an officer in the Intelligence Branch of the Bengal Police who was assassinated by a revolutionary, Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, for arresting Khudiram Bose.
'Oren,' a defecting Baltic-German agent, provided British intelligence with crucial details about the Maverick's cargo and Jugantar's schemes.
Answer: True
The defecting Baltic-German agent 'Oren' disclosed critical details regarding the cargo aboard the Maverick and the Jugantar group's schemes to the British Consul in Batavia, leading to the plot's exposure.
What event precipitated the Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy Case in 1910?
Answer: The assassination of Shamsul Alam, a Bengal Police officer.
The assassination of Shamsul Alam, a Bengal Police officer who was preparing a conspiracy case against the revolutionary group, led to arrests that initiated the Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy Case in 1910.
Who was Vincent Kraft, and what was his role in the plot's exposure?
Answer: A German planter and double agent who leaked details of arms shipments to British intelligence.
Vincent Kraft was a German planter and double agent who leaked details of the German arms shipment plans to British intelligence after his capture, playing a key role in exposing the plot.
How was the Christmas Day plot ultimately exposed to British authorities?
Answer: Through a defecting Baltic-German agent ('Oren') and a German double agent (Vincent Kraft).
The Christmas Day plot was exposed through multiple channels, including a defecting Baltic-German agent ('Oren') and a German double agent (Vincent Kraft), who provided crucial intelligence to British authorities.
Why was Nandalal Bannerjee targeted and killed by Narendra Nath Bhattacharya?
Answer: He had arrested Khudiram Bose after the Muzaffarpur bombing.
Nandalal Bannerjee was targeted and killed by Narendra Nath Bhattacharya because he had arrested Khudiram Bose following the Muzaffarpur bombing incident.