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Andrew Haswell Green is widely recognized as "The Father of Greater New York" for his advocacy for consolidation.
Answer: True
Andrew Haswell Green was a key advocate for consolidation and is recognized as "The Father of Greater New York" for his instrumental role in promoting the plan.
A primary motivation for the consolidation was to prevent Chicago from surpassing New York City in population.
Answer: True
A significant driver for consolidation was the concern that New York City would be surpassed in population by Chicago, prompting efforts to expand the city's boundaries and population base.
The "Vote for Greater New York" movement was primarily a grassroots effort initiated by citizens without government involvement.
Answer: False
The "Vote for Greater New York" movement was a campaign led by a government-appointed commission, spearheaded by Andrew Haswell Green, to promote consolidation.
The New York State Legislature proposed unifying the region around New York City in 1857 to improve harbor facilities.
Answer: True
An 1857 resolution by the New York State Legislature proposed unifying the region around New York City to enhance harbor facilities and trade systems, marking an early step towards consolidation.
The cartoon "The Modern House That Jack Built (1898)" suggests that Thomas C. Platt and Richard Croker were minor figures in the consolidation process.
Answer: False
The cartoon "The Modern House That Jack Built (1898)" depicts Thomas C. Platt and Richard Croker as significant figures involved in the consolidation process, suggesting their influence over the newly formed city.
The consolidation aimed to improve harbor facilities and link the region's systems of trade.
Answer: True
Improving harbor facilities and integrating the region's trade systems were key objectives driving the consolidation movement.
Who is credited as "The Father of Greater New York" for his advocacy efforts?
Answer: Andrew Haswell Green
Andrew Haswell Green is widely recognized as "The Father of Greater New York" due to his persistent advocacy and leadership in the consolidation movement.
What was the primary function of the "Greater New-York Commission"?
Answer: To develop and promote the plan for city consolidation
The "Greater-New-York Commission," chaired by Andrew Haswell Green, was established to develop and advocate for the plan to consolidate the surrounding areas into a single city.
What did the 1857 resolution by the New York State Legislature propose regarding the region surrounding New York City?
Answer: To unify the region to improve harbor facilities and trade.
The 1857 resolution proposed unifying the region around New York City to enhance harbor facilities and integrate trade systems, an early governmental consideration for consolidation.
The City of Greater New York was officially formed by the consolidation of Manhattan, Brooklyn, western Queens, and Staten Island.
Answer: True
The consolidation officially formed the City of Greater New York by merging the original City of New York (Manhattan and the Bronx) with Brooklyn, western Queens, and Staten Island.
The consolidation that created the City of Greater New York officially took effect on January 1, 1900.
Answer: False
The consolidation officially took effect on January 1, 1898, not January 1, 1900.
The eastern portion of Queens County was included in the 1898 consolidation to form Greater New York.
Answer: False
The western portion of Queens County was included in the 1898 consolidation; the eastern portion was excluded and later became Nassau County.
The official legal designation for the consolidated city was "City of Greater New York."
Answer: False
The term "City of Greater New York" was never an official legal designation; the name used in the charter was "City of New York."
The consolidation brought together the original City of New York (Manhattan and the Bronx) with Brooklyn, western Queens, and Staten Island.
Answer: True
The 1898 consolidation unified the existing City of New York (comprising Manhattan and the Bronx) with Brooklyn, parts of Queens County, and Staten Island.
The original City of New York, prior to consolidation, included Manhattan and the Bronx.
Answer: True
Prior to the 1898 consolidation, the original City of New York comprised Manhattan Island and the area that would become the Bronx.
The consolidation of 1898 resulted in the creation of six boroughs.
Answer: False
The 1898 consolidation resulted in the creation of five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island.
What event officially took effect on January 1, 1898, creating a significantly larger municipal entity?
Answer: The consolidation that created the City of Greater New York
The consolidation that merged several surrounding municipalities into one entity officially took effect on January 1, 1898, creating the City of Greater New York.
Which of the following areas was NOT part of the 1898 consolidation to form Greater New York?
Answer: The eastern portion of Queens County
The eastern portion of Queens County was excluded from the 1898 consolidation; only the western part was incorporated into the new city.
What was the official name used for the consolidated city, as opposed to the historical term 'City of Greater New York'?
Answer: City of New York
The official legal designation for the consolidated city was "City of New York," not "City of Greater New York."
Opponents of consolidation expressed concerns about the loss of local control and the potential dilution of Brooklyn's predominantly Protestant character.
Answer: True
Concerns raised by opponents included the loss of local autonomy and fears that consolidation would dilute the predominantly Protestant character of communities like Brooklyn.
The cartoon "Selfish Objections to a Good Match" published in Puck in 1893 likely supported the arguments against consolidation.
Answer: False
The cartoon "Selfish Objections to a Good Match" likely satirized opposition to consolidation, portraying the objections as "selfish" and the proposed union as beneficial.
The song title "Up With the Flag! (of Brooklyn)" suggests a sentiment of enthusiastic support for consolidation among Brooklyn residents.
Answer: False
The song title "Up With the Flag! (of Brooklyn)" suggests a strong sense of local identity and pride in Brooklyn, implying opposition to being absorbed into a larger entity.
The Brooklyn Daily Eagle argued that consolidation would enhance Brooklyn's distinct cultural identity.
Answer: False
The Brooklyn Daily Eagle argued that consolidation would diminish, rather than enhance, Brooklyn's distinct cultural identity, particularly its predominantly Protestant character.
Which of the following was an argument made by opponents of the consolidation?
Answer: Consolidation would dilute the predominantly Protestant character of cities like Brooklyn.
Opponents voiced concerns that consolidation would dilute the predominantly Protestant character of communities such as Brooklyn, alongside fears about loss of local control.
Which newspaper argued that consolidation would destroy the predominantly homogeneous, Protestant character of Brooklyn?
Answer: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
The Brooklyn Daily Eagle was among the newspapers that argued consolidation would undermine the predominantly homogeneous, Protestant character of Brooklyn.
In the 1894 referendum, Kings County (Brooklyn) voted overwhelmingly in favor of consolidation.
Answer: False
Kings County (Brooklyn) voted narrowly in favor of consolidation in the 1894 referendum, with only 50.11% voting 'Yes'.
Richmond County, also known as Staten Island, showed the strongest support for consolidation in the referendum.
Answer: True
Richmond County (Staten Island) recorded the highest percentage of 'Yes' votes in favor of consolidation during the 1894 referendum.
The City of Mount Vernon voted in favor of consolidation during the December 14, 1894 referendum.
Answer: False
The City of Mount Vernon voted against consolidation in the December 14, 1894 referendum, with 64.74% voting 'No'.
The Town of Westchester narrowly approved consolidation in the 1894 referendum.
Answer: False
The Town of Westchester narrowly rejected consolidation in the 1894 referendum, with 50.04% voting 'No'.
The Town of East Chester voted against consolidation in the 1894 referendum.
Answer: False
The Town of East Chester voted in favor of consolidation in the 1894 referendum, with 58.99% voting 'Yes'.
The Town of Pelham voted in favor of consolidation with 62.13% 'Yes' votes.
Answer: True
The Town of Pelham supported consolidation, casting 62.13% of its votes in favor during the 1894 referendum.
What was the vote percentage in favor of consolidation in New York County during the 1894 referendum?
Answer: 61.78%
In New York County, 61.78% of the votes were cast in favor of consolidation during the 1894 referendum.
What was the outcome for the Town of Pelham in the consolidation referendum?
Answer: It voted in favor of consolidation with 62.13% 'Yes' votes.
The Town of Pelham voted in favor of consolidation, securing 62.13% of the 'Yes' votes in the 1894 referendum.
Brooklyn was chartered by the Dutch in 1646 and later incorporated as a city in 1834.
Answer: True
Brooklyn's history includes being chartered by the Dutch in 1646 and later incorporated as a city in 1834, reflecting its development as a distinct municipality prior to consolidation.
New York City was originally founded by the English in the 1620s as New Amsterdam.
Answer: False
New York City was originally founded by the Dutch in the 1620s as New Amsterdam. The English later conquered it and renamed it New York.
In 1691, Manhattan Island was legally defined as encompassing only the southern tip of the island.
Answer: False
In 1691, a law defined New York City as encompassing the entirety of Manhattan Island, not just its southern tip.
When was Brooklyn chartered by the Dutch before its consolidation into Greater New York?
Answer: 1646
Brooklyn was chartered by the Dutch in 1646, marking an early stage in its development before its later incorporation as a city and eventual consolidation.
What historical settlement preceded New York City, founded by the Dutch in the 1620s?
Answer: New Amsterdam
The historical settlement that preceded New York City, founded by the Dutch in the 1620s, was New Amsterdam.
How was the territory of New York City defined by law in 1691?
Answer: Including Manhattan Island, Manning's Island, and the Oyster Islands.
In 1691, a law defined New York City as encompassing Manhattan Island, along with Manning's Island (now Roosevelt Island) and the Oyster Islands (now Liberty Island, Ellis Island, and Black Tom).
By the 1890 United States census, Brooklyn had achieved what population status?
Answer: It was the most populous city in the United States.
By the 1890 United States census, Brooklyn had grown to become the most populous city in the United States.
What was the historical origin of New York City before its consolidation?
Answer: Founded by the Dutch as New Amsterdam in the 1620s.
Before its consolidation, New York City originated as New Amsterdam, a settlement established by the Dutch in the 1620s.
The New York City Board of Estimate, created by the consolidation charter, was later upheld by the Supreme Court.
Answer: False
The New York City Board of Estimate, created by the consolidation charter, was later struck down by the Supreme Court for violating the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.
The consolidation charter designated each consolidated county as a borough within the new city structure.
Answer: True
The consolidation charter established that each consolidated county would function as a borough within the new city structure.
Bronx County was established as a separate entity in 1914.
Answer: True
Bronx County was formally established as a separate county in 1914, solidifying its status as a distinct borough within New York City.
The New York City Board of Estimate was created with equal votes for each borough.
Answer: True
The New York City Board of Estimate, established by the consolidation charter, was structured to give each borough an equal number of votes.
The consolidation charter required state approval for all local taxation issues within the new city.
Answer: False
While the state legislature established oversight, the charter did not require state approval for *all* local taxation issues; it granted specific home rule powers and required approval for certain changes.
The New York State Constitution was amended to prevent any single city from electing the majority of the State Assembly.
Answer: True
Following consolidation, the New York State Constitution was amended to prevent any single city from dominating the State Assembly, a measure later found unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
What happened to the New York City Board of Estimate in 1989?
Answer: It was struck down for violating the Fourteenth Amendment.
In 1989, the New York City Board of Estimate, created by the consolidation charter, was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court for violating the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.
What was the consequence of the New York City Board of Estimate being struck down in 1989?
Answer: It violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.
The New York City Board of Estimate was struck down in 1989 because its structure violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.
Staten Island's secession movement in 1993 was driven by geographical distance and a lack of subway connection.
Answer: True
Factors such as geographical separation and the absence of a subway connection contributed to the Staten Island secession movement, which culminated in a 1993 referendum.
The 1993 referendum on Staten Island secession resulted in a majority voting against leaving New York City.
Answer: False
The 1993 referendum saw a majority of Staten Island residents vote in favor of secession, although the measure was ultimately not enacted.
Mayor Rudy Giuliani's administration made the Staten Island Ferry free in 1997 as a measure to address secessionist sentiments.
Answer: True
To address secessionist sentiments, Mayor Rudy Giuliani's administration made the Staten Island Ferry free in 1997, alongside other measures.
The "Vote Yes, Inc." organization was formed to advocate for Staten Island's secession from New York City.
Answer: True
"Vote Yes, Inc." was a grassroots organization established to advocate for and secure a 'yes' vote in the Staten Island secession referendum.
A 2024 study by the NYC Independent Budget Office estimated that Staten Island's secession would result in annual surpluses.
Answer: False
A 2024 study by the NYC Independent Budget Office estimated that Staten Island's secession would likely result in annual deficits, not surpluses.
What was the outcome of the 1993 referendum concerning Staten Island's secession?
Answer: 65% of residents voted in favor of secession.
In the 1993 referendum, 65% of Staten Island residents voted in favor of secession, although the measure was ultimately blocked by the State Assembly.
The New York City Independent Budget Office estimated in a 2024 study that Staten Island's secession would likely result in:
Answer: Annual deficits of $171 million to $199 million
A 2024 study by the NYC Independent Budget Office projected that Staten Island's secession would lead to annual deficits ranging from $171 million to $199 million.
What was the purpose of the "Vote Yes, Inc." organization formed in January 1990?
Answer: To secure a 'yes' vote in the Staten Island secession referendum
"Vote Yes, Inc." was a grassroots organization formed to advocate for and secure a 'yes' vote in the Staten Island secession referendum.
How did Mayor Rudy Giuliani's administration attempt to defuse the Staten Island secession movement?
Answer: By making the Staten Island Ferry free
Mayor Rudy Giuliani's administration made the Staten Island Ferry free in 1997, among other measures, to address the concerns driving the secession movement.
The New York City Navbox includes 'community gardens' and 'farmers' markets' as components of the city's culture.
Answer: True
The New York City Navbox lists numerous cultural components, including community gardens, farmers' markets, arts organizations, cuisine, dialect, libraries, museums, music, and parks.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a cultural component in the New York City Navbox?
Answer: State legislative oversight
The New York City Navbox lists components such as cuisine, dialect, community gardens, and farmers' markets, but not state legislative oversight.