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The Civil Service of India: Structure, History, and Notable Figures

At a Glance

Title: The Civil Service of India: Structure, History, and Notable Figures

Total Categories: 5

Category Stats

  • Conceptual Framework and Constitutional Basis: 16 flashcards, 18 questions
  • Historical Development and Colonial Influence: 9 flashcards, 11 questions
  • Categorization, Recruitment, and Administrative Hierarchy: 19 flashcards, 14 questions
  • Governance Challenges and Modernization Initiatives: 18 flashcards, 15 questions
  • Profiles of Eminent Civil Servants: 13 flashcards, 20 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 75
  • True/False Questions: 43
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 35
  • Total Questions: 78

Instructions

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Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

This guide will turn you into a Wiki2web Studio power user. Let's unlock the features designed to give you back your weekends.

The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

Getting Started is Simple:

  • Create New Kit: Start with a clean slate. Perfect for a brand-new lesson idea.
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  • Restore Session: The Studio automatically saves your progress in your browser. If you get interrupted, you can restore your unsaved work with one click.

Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

This is the high-level control panel for your project.

  • Kit Name: Give your Kit a clear title. This will appear on all your printed materials.
  • Master Image: Upload a custom cover image for your Kit. This is essential for giving your content a professional visual identity, and it's used as the main graphic when you export your Kit as an interactive game.
  • Topics: Create the structure for your lesson. Add topics like "Chapter 1," "Vocabulary," or "Key Formulas." All flashcards and questions will be organized under these topics.

🃏 Flashcard Author: Building the Knowledge Blocks

Flashcards are the fundamental concepts of your Kit. Create them here to define terms, list facts, or pose simple questions.

  • Click "➕ Add New Flashcard" to open the editor.
  • Fill in the term/question and the definition/answer.
  • Assign the flashcard to one of your pre-defined topics.
  • To edit or remove a flashcard, simply use the ✏️ (Edit) or ❌ (Delete) icons next to any entry in the list.

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Create a bank of questions to test knowledge. These questions are the engine for your worksheets and exams.

  • Click "➕ Add New Question".
  • Choose a Type: True/False for quick checks or Multiple Choice for more complex assessments.
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  • The Explanation field is a powerful tool: the text you enter here will automatically appear on the teacher's answer key and on the Smart Study Guide, providing instant feedback.

🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

This is the secret sauce of the Studio. The Mapper transforms your content from a simple list into an interconnected web of knowledge, automating the creation of amazing study guides.

  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

🎓 Smart Study Guide Maker

Instantly create the ultimate review document. It combines your questions, the correct answers, your detailed explanations, and all the "Related Concepts" you linked in the Mapper into one cohesive, printable guide.

📝 Worksheet & 📄 Exam Builder

Generate unique assessments every time. The questions and multiple-choice options are randomized automatically. Simply select your topics, choose how many questions you need, and generate:

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Step 3: Saving and Collaborating

  • 💾 Export & Save Kit: This is your primary save function. It downloads the entire Kit (content, images, and all) to your computer as a single .json file. Use this to create permanent backups and share your work with others.
  • ➕ Import & Merge Kit: Combine your work. You can merge a colleague's Kit into your own or combine two of your lessons into a larger review Kit.

You're now ready to reclaim your time.

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Study Guide: The Civil Service of India: Structure, History, and Notable Figures

Study Guide: The Civil Service of India: Structure, History, and Notable Figures

Conceptual Framework and Constitutional Basis

The Civil Service in India is primarily composed of temporary government employees whose responsibilities include articulating public needs but not implementing policies.

Answer: False

The Civil Service in India consists of permanent executive branch officials responsible for implementing government policies, not temporary employees who only articulate needs.

Related Concepts:

  • Define the Civil Service in India, outlining its fundamental composition and role.: The Civil Service in India constitutes the permanent executive branch, comprising career officials from the All India Services, Central Civil Services, and various State Civil Services. Their primary function involves implementing government policies and articulating public needs.
  • State the overarching responsibility of the civil services in India.: The primary responsibility of India's civil services is to manage the nation's administration. Operating through central government agencies, they adhere to ministerial policy directives and are crucial in the formulation and implementation of Indian law and policy.

Civil servants in India are safeguarded from politically motivated actions by Article 311 of the Constitution, which guarantees job security.

Answer: True

Article 311 of the Constitution of India explicitly protects civil servants from politically motivated or vindictive actions, thereby ensuring their job security and impartiality.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the constitutional provision that safeguards civil servants in India from politically motivated actions.: Article 311 of the Constitution of India provides civil servants with protection against politically motivated or vindictive actions, thereby ensuring a measure of job security and fostering impartiality within government employment.

The Indian civil service system is structured as position-based, with roles defined by specific job functions rather than hierarchical seniority.

Answer: False

The civil service system in India is structured as rank-based, meaning positions are organized by hierarchy and seniority, not by specific job functions in a position-based system.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe a fundamental structural characteristic of the Indian civil service system.: The Indian civil service system is fundamentally rank-based, organizing positions by hierarchy and seniority, in contrast to position-based systems where roles are defined by specific job functions.

The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions is officially designated as the 'Ministry of Civil Services'.

Answer: False

The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions is *unofficially* known as the 'Ministry of Civil Services,' not officially.

Related Concepts:

  • Name the Ministry unofficially recognized as the 'Ministry of Civil Services' in India.: The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, based in New Delhi, is unofficially termed the 'Ministry of Civil Services.' It oversees training, reforms, and pensions pertinent to India's civil service system.

Civil servants in India are expected to uphold values including absolute integrity, patriotism, and political neutrality.

Answer: True

Civil servants in India are guided by core values such as absolute integrity, patriotism, and are expected to discharge duties with political, religious, and social neutrality.

Related Concepts:

  • Enumerate the core values expected to guide members of the Indian civil service.: Indian civil servants are expected to uphold core values including absolute integrity, allegiance to the constitution and national law, patriotism, national pride, devotion to duty, honesty, impartiality, and transparency in their official functions.
  • Detail the ethical standards that civil servants in India are mandated to uphold.: The Government of India expects civil servants to perform their duties with responsibility, honesty, accountability, non-discrimination, and political, religious, and social neutrality. They must also ensure effective management, leadership development, personal growth, avoid misusing their official position or information, and act as agents of good governance to promote social and economic development.

The primary responsibility of the civil services in India is to manage the nation's administration and implement Indian law and policy.

Answer: True

The primary responsibility of the civil services in India is indeed to manage the country's administration and to be instrumental in the creation and implementation of Indian law and policy.

Related Concepts:

  • State the overarching responsibility of the civil services in India.: The primary responsibility of India's civil services is to manage the nation's administration. Operating through central government agencies, they adhere to ministerial policy directives and are crucial in the formulation and implementation of Indian law and policy.
  • Define the Civil Service in India, outlining its fundamental composition and role.: The Civil Service in India constitutes the permanent executive branch, comprising career officials from the All India Services, Central Civil Services, and various State Civil Services. Their primary function involves implementing government policies and articulating public needs.

The Indian diplomatic passport is deep blue with gold text, signifying the official status of its holder.

Answer: False

The Indian diplomatic passport is maroon with gold text, while the deep blue passport is issued to ordinary Indian citizens.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the distinction and significance of Indian diplomatic and official passports.: Indian diplomatic passports are maroon with gold text, while official passports are typically issued to civil servants. Both differ from the deep blue passports issued to ordinary citizens, signifying the holder's official status.

The Cabinet Secretary is the highest-ranking civil servant in India, leading all civil services under the Government of India's rules of business.

Answer: True

The Cabinet Secretary is the highest-ranking civil servant in India, serving as the head of all civil services under the Government of India's rules of business.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the highest-ranking civil servant in India and delineate their primary responsibilities.: The Cabinet Secretary, operating from the Cabinet Secretariat, is India's highest-ranking civil servant. This individual serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board, chief of the Indian Administrative Service, and head of all civil services under the Government of India's rules of business, ensuring the Civil Service's requisite skills, capabilities, and a fair working environment.

Civil Services Day is observed on October 2nd, commemorating Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's address to administrative probationers.

Answer: False

Civil Services Day is celebrated annually on April 21st, commemorating Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's address to administrative probationers in 1947.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the historical event commemorated by Civil Services Day.: Civil Services Day, on April 21st, commemorates Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's address to Administrative Services Officers' probationers in 1947, as India's first Home Minister.
  • State the date and purpose of Civil Services Day in India.: Civil Services Day is observed annually on April 21st in India, serving as an occasion for civil servants to rededicate themselves to public service, engage in introspection, and strategize for future challenges.

The Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration, established in 2006, include a medal, scroll, and a cash amount.

Answer: True

The Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration were instituted in 2006 and indeed include a medal, a scroll, and a cash amount.

Related Concepts:

  • Specify the monetary value associated with the Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration.: The Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration comprise a medal, a scroll, and a cash prize of ₹100,000 (approx. US$1,200) for individuals. Groups receive a total of ₹500,000 (approx. US$5,900), with a maximum of ₹100,000 per person, while organizations are limited to ₹500,000.

What is the primary definition of Civil Service in India?

Answer: The collective body of civil servants forming the permanent executive branch.

The Civil Service in India refers to the collective body of civil servants employed by the government, forming the permanent executive branch responsible for implementing policies and articulating public needs.

Related Concepts:

  • Define the Civil Service in India, outlining its fundamental composition and role.: The Civil Service in India constitutes the permanent executive branch, comprising career officials from the All India Services, Central Civil Services, and various State Civil Services. Their primary function involves implementing government policies and articulating public needs.

Quantify the total number of government employees across central and state governments in India as of 2010.

Answer: 6.4 million

As of 2010, there were 6.4 million government employees in India, encompassing all levels within both central and state governments.

Related Concepts:

  • Quantify the total number of government employees across central and state governments in India as of 2010.: As of 2010, India's central and state governments employed 6.4 million individuals across all service groups (A to D) within both central and state governments.

Which constitutional provision protects civil servants in India from politically motivated actions?

Answer: Article 311

Article 311 of the Constitution of India protects civil servants from politically motivated or vindictive actions, ensuring their job security.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the constitutional provision that safeguards civil servants in India from politically motivated actions.: Article 311 of the Constitution of India provides civil servants with protection against politically motivated or vindictive actions, thereby ensuring a measure of job security and fostering impartiality within government employment.

Which Ministry is unofficially known as the 'Ministry of Civil Services' in India?

Answer: Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions

The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions is unofficially known as the 'Ministry of Civil Services' in India.

Related Concepts:

  • Name the Ministry unofficially recognized as the 'Ministry of Civil Services' in India.: The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, based in New Delhi, is unofficially termed the 'Ministry of Civil Services.' It oversees training, reforms, and pensions pertinent to India's civil service system.

What is the primary responsibility of the civil services in India?

Answer: To manage the country's administration and implement law and policy.

The primary responsibility of the civil services in India is to manage the country's administration and to be instrumental in the actual creation and implementation of Indian law and policy.

Related Concepts:

  • State the overarching responsibility of the civil services in India.: The primary responsibility of India's civil services is to manage the nation's administration. Operating through central government agencies, they adhere to ministerial policy directives and are crucial in the formulation and implementation of Indian law and policy.

Who is the highest-ranking civil servant in India?

Answer: The Cabinet Secretary

The Cabinet Secretary is the highest-ranking civil servant in India.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the highest-ranking civil servant in India and delineate their primary responsibilities.: The Cabinet Secretary, operating from the Cabinet Secretariat, is India's highest-ranking civil servant. This individual serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board, chief of the Indian Administrative Service, and head of all civil services under the Government of India's rules of business, ensuring the Civil Service's requisite skills, capabilities, and a fair working environment.

When is Civil Services Day celebrated annually in India?

Answer: April 21st

Civil Services Day is celebrated annually on April 21st in India.

Related Concepts:

  • State the date and purpose of Civil Services Day in India.: Civil Services Day is observed annually on April 21st in India, serving as an occasion for civil servants to rededicate themselves to public service, engage in introspection, and strategize for future challenges.

What is the monetary award for an individual receiving the Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration?

Answer: ₹100,000 (approximately US$1,200)

The Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration include a cash amount of ₹100,000 (approximately US$1,200) for individuals.

Related Concepts:

  • Specify the monetary value associated with the Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration.: The Prime Minister's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration comprise a medal, a scroll, and a cash prize of ₹100,000 (approx. US$1,200) for individuals. Groups receive a total of ₹500,000 (approx. US$5,900), with a maximum of ₹100,000 per person, while organizations are limited to ₹500,000.

Historical Development and Colonial Influence

Charles Cornwallis is recognized as 'the Father of civil service in India' for establishing the initial framework of the service during the British Raj.

Answer: False

Charles Cornwallis is known as 'the Father of civil service in India' for reforming, modernizing, and rationalizing the service, building upon the foundation laid by Warren Hastings, not for establishing the initial framework.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the individual known as 'the Father of civil service in India' and explain the rationale for this designation.: Charles Cornwallis is recognized as 'the Father of civil service in India' due to his significant reforms, modernization, and rationalization of the service, which built upon the foundational work of Warren Hastings during the British Raj.

The covenanted civil service, established by Cornwallis, was exclusively for Indians, enabling them to hold higher government posts.

Answer: False

The covenanted civil service introduced by Charles Cornwallis was exclusively for Europeans, who held higher government posts, while the uncovenanted civil service was for Indians in lower administrative ranks.

Related Concepts:

  • Outline the two divisions of the Indian Civil Service established by Charles Cornwallis.: Charles Cornwallis established two divisions within the Indian Civil Service: the covenanted civil service, reserved for Europeans in higher government posts, and the uncovenanted civil service, which permitted Indians to occupy lower administrative ranks.

The Government of India Act 1919 partitioned the Imperial Services into the All India Services and the Central Services.

Answer: True

The Government of India Act 1919 divided the Imperial Services, which were overseen by the Secretary of State for India, into the All India Services and the Central Services.

Related Concepts:

  • Analyze the impact of the Government of India Act 1919 on the structure of the Imperial Services.: The Government of India Act 1919 led to the division of the Imperial Services, previously overseen by the Secretary of State for India, into two distinct categories: the All India Services and the Central Services.

The Chairperson of the Railway Board held the distinction of being the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India until 1959.

Answer: True

During the British Raj, the Chairperson of the Railway Board was indeed the highest-paid civil servant, a status maintained until 1959.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India until 1959.: The Chairperson of the Railway Board held the distinction of being the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India until 1959.

Women were formally recruited into the Imperial Civil Service between 1858 and 1947, albeit exclusively for lower-level clerical positions.

Answer: False

No women were formally recruited into the Imperial Civil Service between 1858 and 1947; the service was exclusively male. Women were only appointed to lower-level clerical positions within the uncovenanted civil service.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the participation of women in the Imperial Civil Service during the British Raj.: From 1858 to 1947, women were not formally recruited into the exclusively male Imperial Civil Service. Their appointments were limited to lower-level clerical roles, such as typists and clerical assistants, within the uncovenanted civil service.

Sardar Patel envisioned the post-partition civil service prioritizing regional autonomy over national cohesion.

Answer: False

Sardar Patel envisioned the civil service playing a crucial role in strengthening national cohesion and unity after partition, not prioritizing regional autonomy.

Related Concepts:

  • Articulate Sardar Patel's post-partition vision for the modern Indian civil service.: Following India's partition in 1947, Sardar Patel envisioned the civil service as pivotal in fostering national cohesion and unity, emphasizing integrity, impartiality, and merit as its guiding principles.

Who is recognized as 'the Father of civil service in India' for reforming and modernizing the service?

Answer: Charles Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis is known as 'the Father of civil service in India' for reforming, modernizing, and rationalizing the civil service.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the individual known as 'the Father of civil service in India' and explain the rationale for this designation.: Charles Cornwallis is recognized as 'the Father of civil service in India' due to his significant reforms, modernization, and rationalization of the service, which built upon the foundational work of Warren Hastings during the British Raj.

What impact did the Government of India Act 1919 have on the Imperial Services?

Answer: It divided the Imperial Services into All India Services and Central Services.

The Government of India Act 1919 divided the Imperial Services into two distinct categories: the All India Services and the Central Services.

Related Concepts:

  • Analyze the impact of the Government of India Act 1919 on the structure of the Imperial Services.: The Government of India Act 1919 led to the division of the Imperial Services, previously overseen by the Secretary of State for India, into two distinct categories: the All India Services and the Central Services.

Until 1959, who held the position of the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India?

Answer: The Chairperson of the Railway Board

The Chairperson of the Railway Board held the position of the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India until 1959.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India until 1959.: The Chairperson of the Railway Board held the distinction of being the highest-paid civil servant in British Raj India until 1959.

What was the status of women in the Imperial Civil Service between 1858 and 1947?

Answer: No women were formally recruited into the Imperial Civil Service.

No women were formally recruited into the Imperial Civil Service between 1858 and 1947, as the service was exclusively male.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the participation of women in the Imperial Civil Service during the British Raj.: From 1858 to 1947, women were not formally recruited into the exclusively male Imperial Civil Service. Their appointments were limited to lower-level clerical roles, such as typists and clerical assistants, within the uncovenanted civil service.

What was Sardar Patel's primary vision for the civil service after India's partition in 1947?

Answer: To strengthen national cohesion and unity.

Sardar Patel envisioned that the civil service should play a crucial role in strengthening national cohesion and unity after India's partition.

Related Concepts:

  • Articulate Sardar Patel's post-partition vision for the modern Indian civil service.: Following India's partition in 1947, Sardar Patel envisioned the civil service as pivotal in fostering national cohesion and unity, emphasizing integrity, impartiality, and merit as its guiding principles.

Categorization, Recruitment, and Administrative Hierarchy

As of 2010, the Indian Revenue Service comprised the largest personnel count among all civil services in India.

Answer: False

As of 2010, the Central Secretariat Service and the Indian Revenue Service had the highest number of personnel, implying the Indian Revenue Service did not singularly have the most.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the civil services with the largest personnel count in India as of 2010.: In 2010, the Central Secretariat Service and the Indian Revenue Service (comprising Income Tax and Customs & Central Excise branches) had the highest personnel numbers among Indian civil services.

Article 312 of the Constitution permits the Lok Sabha to establish new All India Services through a two-thirds majority vote.

Answer: False

Article 312 of the Constitution grants the Rajya Sabha, not the Lok Sabha, the authority to establish new All India Services with a two-thirds majority vote.

Related Concepts:

  • Specify the constitutional provision enabling the establishment of new All India Services.: Article 312 of the Constitution of India empowers the Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds majority vote, to establish new All India Services, such as the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, and Indian Forest Service.

The Civil Services Board is responsible for all appointments to the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and higher positions.

Answer: False

The Civil Services Board handles recruitment and promotions for positions *below* the rank of Joint Secretary. Appointments to Joint Secretary and higher are handled by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the function of the Civil Services Board concerning recruitment and promotions.: The Civil Services Board manages entry-level recruitment for specialized departments and oversees job promotions for positions below the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India.
  • Identify the authority responsible for appointments to senior ranks, specifically Joint Secretary and higher.: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet manages all appointments to the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and higher, alongside other significant appointments, empanelment, and tenure extensions.

The Union Civil Services of India are classified into All India Civil Services and State Civil Services.

Answer: False

The Union Civil Services of India are classified into All India Civil Services and Central Civil Services (Group A). Officers from State Civil Services can be deployed to Union Civil Services jobs, but State Civil Services are not a classification *of* Union Civil Services.

Related Concepts:

  • Outline the classification structure of the Union Civil Services of India.: The Union Civil Services of India are primarily classified into the All India Civil Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A). Officers from State Civil Services may also be deployed to Union Civil Services positions.

All appointments to the All India Civil Services are made by the President of India.

Answer: True

All appointments to the All India Civil Services, including the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Forest Service, and Indian Police Service, are indeed made by the President of India.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the authority responsible for appointments to the All India Civil Services.: Appointments to the All India Civil Services, encompassing the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Forest Service, and Indian Police Service, are made by the President of India.

The Central Civil Services (Group A) primarily administer the Union Government.

Answer: True

The Central Civil Services (Group A) are primarily concerned with the administration of the Union Government, managing national-level affairs and policies.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the principal function of the Central Civil Services (Group A).: The Central Civil Services (Group A) primarily administer the Union Government, managing national-level affairs and policies.

Recruitment for Group B central civil service posts is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).

Answer: False

Recruitment for Group B central civil service posts is conducted through the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE), which is administered by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC), not the UPSC.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the recruitment process for Group B central civil service posts.: Recruitment for Group B central civil service posts is managed by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) through the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE).

Officers in the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) are Group B gazetted officers and serve as a feeder service for the Indian Police Service.

Answer: False

Officers in the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) are Group A gazetted officers and serve as a feeder service for the Indian Administrative Service, not the Indian Police Service. State Police Services officers are promoted to the Indian Police Service.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the role of officers within the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) or State Administrative Service.: Officers in the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) or State Administrative Service, typically Deputy Collectors or equivalents, are Group A gazetted officers responsible for administrative functions, policy implementation, law and order, revenue administration, and development activities within their state jurisdictions. They also serve as a feeder service for the Indian Administrative Service.
  • Outline the promotion trajectory for officers within the State Police Services.: State Police Services officers, holding ranks such as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Assistant Commissioner of Police, or Assistant Commandant (Group 'A' within state civil services), are subsequently promoted to the Indian Police Service.

Which body has the authority to establish new All India Services through a two-thirds majority vote, according to Article 312 of the Constitution?

Answer: The Rajya Sabha

Article 312 of the Constitution grants the Rajya Sabha the authority to establish new All India Services through a two-thirds majority vote.

Related Concepts:

  • Specify the constitutional provision enabling the establishment of new All India Services.: Article 312 of the Constitution of India empowers the Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds majority vote, to establish new All India Services, such as the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, and Indian Forest Service.

Which body handles appointments to the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and higher?

Answer: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet

All appointments to the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and higher are handled by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the authority responsible for appointments to senior ranks, specifically Joint Secretary and higher.: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet manages all appointments to the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and higher, alongside other significant appointments, empanelment, and tenure extensions.

Who makes all appointments to the All India Civil Services?

Answer: The President of India

All appointments to the All India Civil Services are made by the President of India.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the authority responsible for appointments to the All India Civil Services.: Appointments to the All India Civil Services, encompassing the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Forest Service, and Indian Police Service, are made by the President of India.

What is the primary function of the Central Civil Services (Group A)?

Answer: To manage the affairs of the Union Government.

The Central Civil Services (Group A) are primarily concerned with the administration of the Union Government, managing national-level affairs and policies.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the principal function of the Central Civil Services (Group A).: The Central Civil Services (Group A) primarily administer the Union Government, managing national-level affairs and policies.

Which body administers the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE) for Group B central civil service posts?

Answer: Staff Selection Commission (SSC)

Recruitment for Group B central civil service posts is conducted through the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE), which is administered by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC).

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the recruitment process for Group B central civil service posts.: Recruitment for Group B central civil service posts is managed by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) through the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE).

What is the typical rank of an officer in the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) who serves as a feeder service for the Indian Administrative Service?

Answer: Deputy Collector

Officers in the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) are typically posted as Deputy Collector or equivalent and serve as a feeder service for the Indian Administrative Service.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the role of officers within the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) or State Administrative Service.: Officers in the State Civil Service (Executive Branch) or State Administrative Service, typically Deputy Collectors or equivalents, are Group A gazetted officers responsible for administrative functions, policy implementation, law and order, revenue administration, and development activities within their state jurisdictions. They also serve as a feeder service for the Indian Administrative Service.

Governance Challenges and Modernization Initiatives

The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) enables citizens to prosecute corrupt civil servants and civil servants to address unfair dismissals.

Answer: True

The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) serves as a body where citizens can seek permission to prosecute corrupt civil servants, and civil servants can address cases of unfair dismissal.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the role and functions of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT).: The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) resolves administrative disputes, allowing citizens to seek permission for prosecuting corrupt or inept civil servants, and enabling civil servants to address cases of unfair dismissal.

A 2009 survey ranked the Indian civil service as the most efficient among leading Asian economies.

Answer: False

A 2009 survey ranked the Indian civil service as the *least* efficient among leading Asian economies.

Related Concepts:

  • Summarize the criticisms leveled against the Indian civil service concerning its efficiency and international standing.: The Indian civil service has been criticized for its efficiency, ranking as the least efficient among leading Asian economies in a 2009 survey and the worst in Asia in a 2012 study by Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, which highlighted inefficiency and corruption as significant business concerns.

A Goldman Sachs report estimated that civil service reforms could contribute an annual 0.9 percentage points to India's per capita GDP.

Answer: True

A Goldman Sachs report indeed estimated that implementing civil service reforms and achieving the Asian average in government effectiveness could add 0.9 percentage points annually to India's per capita GDP.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail the Goldman Sachs report's projection regarding the economic impact of civil service reforms in India.: A Goldman Sachs report projected that civil service reforms, elevating India to the Asian average in government effectiveness, could annually boost its per capita GDP by 0.9 percentage points, underscoring institutional quality as a vital economic driver.

Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari asserted that public officials were misappropriating 12.6 percent of India's GDP through corruption.

Answer: False

Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari asserted that public officials were misappropriating 1.26 percent of India's GDP, not 12.6 percent, through corruption.

Related Concepts:

  • Summarize Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari's assertions regarding corruption among India's public officials.: In 'Corruption in India: The DNA and RNA,' Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari claimed that Indian public officials were misappropriating 1.26 percent of the GDP, or ₹921 billion (US$11 billion), through corruption.

The Supreme Court of India mandated fixed tenure for civil servants in the 2013 TSR Subramanian case.

Answer: True

In the 2013 TSR Subramanian case, the Supreme Court of India ordered both the Government of India and State governments to ensure fixed tenure for civil servants.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail the Supreme Court of India's directives in the 2013 TSR Subramanian case concerning civil servants.: In the 2013 TSR Subramanian case, the Supreme Court of India mandated fixed tenure for civil servants and required senior bureaucrats to document oral instructions from politicians. These measures aimed to enhance bureaucratic freedom and independence.

The '360-degree appraisal' system for civil servants relies exclusively on a boss's Annual Confidential Report (ACR).

Answer: False

The '360-degree appraisal' system includes an Annual Confidential Report (ACR) but also incorporates confidential feedback from peers, subordinates, and external stakeholders, replacing the older system that relied solely on a boss's ACR.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the '360-degree appraisal' system introduced for civil servants in 2014.: The '360-degree appraisal' system, implemented in 2014, is a performance evaluation method for civil servants that incorporates an 'Annual Confidential Report' (ACR) and confidential feedback on work-related attitude and behavior from peers, subordinates, and external stakeholders, replacing the previous boss-centric ACR system.

'Lateral entry' permits the government to recruit domain experts from outside the traditional civil service for senior positions.

Answer: True

The 'lateral entry' policy, introduced in 2018, allows the government to directly hire domain experts from outside the traditional civil service for senior positions like joint secretary.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the rationale behind the 'lateral entry' policy for domain experts in the civil service, introduced in 2018.: The 'lateral entry' policy, introduced in 2018, enables the government to directly recruit domain experts from outside the traditional civil service into senior positions, such as joint secretary. This aims to augment the capabilities and proficiency of ministries and departments and to promote synergies in policy and implementation.

Since 2016, citizens can initiate prosecution of corrupt IAS officers without requiring a formal proposal and supporting documents.

Answer: True

Since 2016, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) accepts requests from private individuals for sanction of prosecution against IAS officers, even without a formal proposal and supporting documents.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe how the government has empowered citizens to address corruption among IAS officers since 2016.: Since 2016, the government has enabled citizens to seek prosecution of corrupt IAS officers. The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) now accepts requests from private individuals for sanction of prosecution against IAS officers, even without a formal proposal or supporting documents.

According to a 2009 survey, how was the Indian civil service rated among leading Asian economies?

Answer: Least efficient

A 2009 survey ranked the Indian civil service as the least efficient among leading Asian economies.

Related Concepts:

  • Summarize the criticisms leveled against the Indian civil service concerning its efficiency and international standing.: The Indian civil service has been criticized for its efficiency, ranking as the least efficient among leading Asian economies in a 2009 survey and the worst in Asia in a 2012 study by Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, which highlighted inefficiency and corruption as significant business concerns.

What percentage of India's GDP did Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari assert public officials were misappropriating through corruption?

Answer: 1.26 percent

Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari asserted that public officials were misappropriating 1.26 percent of India's GDP through corruption.

Related Concepts:

  • Summarize Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari's assertions regarding corruption among India's public officials.: In 'Corruption in India: The DNA and RNA,' Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari claimed that Indian public officials were misappropriating 1.26 percent of the GDP, or ₹921 billion (US$11 billion), through corruption.

Which industries were identified as most vulnerable to corruption in India by a 2013 EY study?

Answer: Infrastructure & Real Estate, Metals & Mining, Aerospace & Defence, and Power & Utilities

A 2013 EY study identified Infrastructure & Real Estate, Metals & Mining, Aerospace & Defence, and Power & Utilities as the industries most vulnerable to corruption in India.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify the industries deemed most susceptible to corruption in India by a 2013 EY study.: A 2013 EY study pinpointed Infrastructure & Real Estate, Metals & Mining, Aerospace & Defence, and Power & Utilities as India's industries most vulnerable to corruption.

What was a key outcome of the 2013 TSR Subramanian case by the Supreme Court of India regarding civil servants?

Answer: It mandated fixed tenure for civil servants and documentation of oral instructions.

In the 2013 TSR Subramanian case, the Supreme Court of India ordered fixed tenure for civil servants and instructed senior bureaucrats to document oral instructions from politicians.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail the Supreme Court of India's directives in the 2013 TSR Subramanian case concerning civil servants.: In the 2013 TSR Subramanian case, the Supreme Court of India mandated fixed tenure for civil servants and required senior bureaucrats to document oral instructions from politicians. These measures aimed to enhance bureaucratic freedom and independence.

What reform did the Modi government implement since 2014 for newly hired IAS officers, deploying them initially to central government ministries?

Answer: Initial deployment as assistant secretaries within central government ministries.

Since 2014, newly hired IAS officers are initially deployed as assistant secretaries within central government ministries for a few years, rather than directly to state cadres.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the Modi government's reforms since 2014 concerning the deployment and training of newly recruited IAS officers.: Since 2014, adhering to Prime Minister Modi's 'minimum government, maximum governance' principle, newly recruited IAS officers are initially deployed as assistant secretaries in central government ministries for several years, rather than directly to state cadres. This reform seeks to align civil servants with strategic national objectives.

What is a key feature of the '360-degree appraisal' system implemented in 2014 for civil servants?

Answer: It includes confidential feedback from peers, subordinates, and external stakeholders.

The '360-degree appraisal' system includes confidential feedback from peers, subordinates, and external stakeholders, in addition to the Annual Confidential Report (ACR).

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the '360-degree appraisal' system introduced for civil servants in 2014.: The '360-degree appraisal' system, implemented in 2014, is a performance evaluation method for civil servants that incorporates an 'Annual Confidential Report' (ACR) and confidential feedback on work-related attitude and behavior from peers, subordinates, and external stakeholders, replacing the previous boss-centric ACR system.

What is the primary purpose of 'lateral entry' for domain experts in the civil service, introduced in 2018?

Answer: To enhance the capabilities and proficiency of ministries and departments.

The primary purpose of 'lateral entry' is to enhance the capabilities and proficiency of ministries and departments by bringing in domain experts from outside the traditional civil service.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain the rationale behind the 'lateral entry' policy for domain experts in the civil service, introduced in 2018.: The 'lateral entry' policy, introduced in 2018, enables the government to directly recruit domain experts from outside the traditional civil service into senior positions, such as joint secretary. This aims to augment the capabilities and proficiency of ministries and departments and to promote synergies in policy and implementation.

Profiles of Eminent Civil Servants

Narinder Singh Kapany is recognized as 'the Father of Fibre Optics' and held more than 150 patents.

Answer: True

Narinder Singh Kapany is indeed recognized as the 'Father of Fibre Optics' and held over 150 patents for his inventions.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify Narinder Singh Kapany and summarize his significant contributions.: Narinder Singh Kapany, a former IOFS officer, is acclaimed as the 'Father of Fibre Optics' and 'The Man who Bent Light' for his invention of fiber optics, which revolutionized surgery and telecommunications. He held over 150 patents, served as a professor at various University of California campuses, and received numerous accolades, including the Padma Vibhushan.

Mantosh Sondhi was the first IAS officer to hold Secretary posts across multiple Union Ministries.

Answer: False

Mantosh Sondhi was the first IOFS officer and *non-IAS* officer to hold Secretary posts in multiple Union Ministries.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail Mantosh Sondhi's notable roles and achievements.: Mantosh Sondhi's distinguished career included serving as the first General Manager of the Heavy Vehicles Factory, founding Chairman & Managing Director of Bokaro Steel Plant, and a Member of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. As the first IOFS and non-IAS officer to hold Secretary posts in multiple Union Ministries, he was awarded the Padma Shri and the Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland.

Nalini Ranjan Mohanty was awarded the Padma Shri for his pivotal role in the development of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Answer: True

Nalini Ranjan Mohanty was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004 for his pivotal role in the development of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify Nalini Ranjan Mohanty and describe his contribution to the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.: Nalini Ranjan Mohanty, a former IOFS officer who ranked 2nd in the 1965 Engineering Services Examination, served as Chairman & Managing Director of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. He received the Padma Shri in 2004 for his pivotal role in developing the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Rajendra K. Pachauri chaired the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change during its receipt of the Nobel Prize in 2007.

Answer: True

Rajendra K. Pachauri, a former IRSME officer, chaired the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when it received the Nobel Prize in 2007.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the significant international recognition accorded to Rajendra K. Pachauri.: Rajendra K. Pachauri, a former IRSME officer, chaired the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when it was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2007. He also served as director general of The Energy and Resources Institute and received prestigious awards from India, Finland, Japan, and France.

H. P. S. Ahluwalia is renowned as the first Indian to ascend Mount Everest.

Answer: True

H. P. S. Ahluwalia, an IOFS officer, is indeed known as the first Indian to climb Mount Everest.

Related Concepts:

  • State H. P. S. Ahluwalia's notable achievement in Indian mountaineering.: H. P. S. Ahluwalia, an IOFS officer, is renowned as the first Indian to ascend Mount Everest. He is also an author, social worker, and founder of the Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, having been honored with the Arjuna Award, Padma Shri, and Padma Bhushan.

Santu Shahaney was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1962 for his contributions during the Indo-China War.

Answer: False

Santu Shahaney was awarded the Padma Shri in 1962 for his contributions during the Indo-China War of 1962, and the Padma Bhushan in 1965 for the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail Santu Shahaney's contributions during the Indo-China War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.: Santu Shahaney, the first Indian Director General Ordnance Factories (DGOF) and an IOFS officer, received the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Padma Bhushan in 1965 for his civil service contributions during the Indo-China War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, respectively.

Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan developed the solid propellant for India's first space rocket and the detonation system for Operation Smiling Buddha.

Answer: True

Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan developed the solid propellant for India's first space rocket and the detonation system for India's first nuclear bomb, used in Operation Smiling Buddha.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan's pivotal technological contributions to India.: Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan, an IOFS officer, developed the solid propellant for India's inaugural space rocket launched from Thumba and the detonation system for its first nuclear bomb, utilized in Operation Smiling Buddha. He was the first Director of DRDO's High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and Armaments Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), receiving the Padma Shri in 1974.

H.G.S. Murthy was the first Director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre and received the Padma Shri in 1969.

Answer: True

H.G.S. Murthy served as the first Director of the Space Science & Technology Centre (now Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre) and was awarded the Padma Shri in 1969.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify H.G.S. Murthy and delineate his role in the Indian Space Programme.: H.G.S. Murthy, an IOFS officer, is recognized as one of the 'Seven Pioneers of the Indian Space Programme.' He served as the first Director of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) and ISRO's Space Science & Technology Centre (now Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre), receiving the Padma Shri in 1969.

K. C. Banerjee's factory developed the anti-submarine rockets instrumental in sinking the submarine PNS Ghazi during the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War.

Answer: False

O. P. Bahl's factory developed and manufactured the anti-submarine rockets used in sinking the submarine PNS Ghazi during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, not K. C. Banerjee's factory during the 1965 war.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail O. P. Bahl's contribution during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.: O. P. Bahl, an IOFS officer and General Manager of Ammunition Factory Khadki, received the Padma Shri in 1972 for his contributions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. His factory developed and manufactured the anti-submarine rockets instrumental in sinking the submarine PNS Ghazi.

Satyendra Dubey's assassination directly led to the enactment of the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011.

Answer: True

Following the assassination of whistleblower Satyendra Dubey, the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011, was passed to protect individuals who expose corruption.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain Satyendra Dubey's role and the legislative consequence of his assassination.: Satyendra Dubey, a whistleblower and project director for the NHAI's Golden Quadrilateral project at Koderma, was assassinated. This led to the enactment of the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011, designed to safeguard individuals who expose corruption.

E. Sreedharan is recognized for his leadership in the Delhi Metro project and received the Order of the Rising Sun from Japan.

Answer: True

E. Sreedharan is known for his leadership in the Delhi Metro and received international honors, including the Order of the Rising Sun from Japan.

Related Concepts:

  • Enumerate E. Sreedharan's significant achievements in infrastructure development.: E. Sreedharan, a former IRSE officer, is recognized for his leadership as chairman and managing director of Konkan Railway, Cochin Shipyard, and the Delhi Metro. He received India's Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan, and international honors including Japan's Order of the Rising Sun and France's Legion of Honour, for his infrastructure contributions.

Who is known as 'the Father of Fibre Optics' and 'The Man who Bent Light'?

Answer: Narinder Singh Kapany

Narinder Singh Kapany is recognized as 'the Father of Fibre Optics' and 'The Man who Bent Light' for his invention of fiber optics.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify Narinder Singh Kapany and summarize his significant contributions.: Narinder Singh Kapany, a former IOFS officer, is acclaimed as the 'Father of Fibre Optics' and 'The Man who Bent Light' for his invention of fiber optics, which revolutionized surgery and telecommunications. He held over 150 patents, served as a professor at various University of California campuses, and received numerous accolades, including the Padma Vibhushan.

Mantosh Sondhi was the first IOFS officer and non-IAS officer to achieve what distinction?

Answer: To hold Secretary posts in multiple Union Ministries.

Mantosh Sondhi was the first IOFS officer and non-IAS officer to hold Secretary posts in multiple Union Ministries.

Related Concepts:

  • Detail Mantosh Sondhi's notable roles and achievements.: Mantosh Sondhi's distinguished career included serving as the first General Manager of the Heavy Vehicles Factory, founding Chairman & Managing Director of Bokaro Steel Plant, and a Member of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. As the first IOFS and non-IAS officer to hold Secretary posts in multiple Union Ministries, he was awarded the Padma Shri and the Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland.

For what significant contribution was Nalini Ranjan Mohanty awarded the Padma Shri in 2004?

Answer: Pivotal role in the development of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Nalini Ranjan Mohanty was awarded the Padma Shri in 2004 for his pivotal role in the development of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify Nalini Ranjan Mohanty and describe his contribution to the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.: Nalini Ranjan Mohanty, a former IOFS officer who ranked 2nd in the 1965 Engineering Services Examination, served as Chairman & Managing Director of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. He received the Padma Shri in 2004 for his pivotal role in developing the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas.

Which former IRSME officer chaired the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when it received the Nobel Prize in 2007?

Answer: Rajendra K. Pachauri

Rajendra K. Pachauri, a former IRSME officer, chaired the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when it received the Nobel Prize in 2007.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the significant international recognition accorded to Rajendra K. Pachauri.: Rajendra K. Pachauri, a former IRSME officer, chaired the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when it was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2007. He also served as director general of The Energy and Resources Institute and received prestigious awards from India, Finland, Japan, and France.

H. P. S. Ahluwalia, an IOFS officer, is primarily known in Indian history for what achievement?

Answer: Being the first Indian to climb Mount Everest.

H. P. S. Ahluwalia, an IOFS officer, is known as the first Indian to climb Mount Everest.

Related Concepts:

  • State H. P. S. Ahluwalia's notable achievement in Indian mountaineering.: H. P. S. Ahluwalia, an IOFS officer, is renowned as the first Indian to ascend Mount Everest. He is also an author, social worker, and founder of the Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, having been honored with the Arjuna Award, Padma Shri, and Padma Bhushan.

What significant technological development did Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan contribute to India's defense and space programs?

Answer: Solid propellant for India's first space rocket and detonation system for its first nuclear bomb.

Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan developed the solid propellant for India's first space rocket and the detonation system for India's first nuclear bomb (Operation Smiling Buddha).

Related Concepts:

  • Describe Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan's pivotal technological contributions to India.: Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan, an IOFS officer, developed the solid propellant for India's inaugural space rocket launched from Thumba and the detonation system for its first nuclear bomb, utilized in Operation Smiling Buddha. He was the first Director of DRDO's High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and Armaments Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), receiving the Padma Shri in 1974.

H.G.S. Murthy is recognized as one of the 'Seven Pioneers of the Indian Space Programme' and served as the first Director of which ISRO center?

Answer: Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (formerly Space Science & Technology Centre)

H.G.S. Murthy served as the first Director of the Space Science & Technology Centre, which is now known as the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.

Related Concepts:

  • Identify H.G.S. Murthy and delineate his role in the Indian Space Programme.: H.G.S. Murthy, an IOFS officer, is recognized as one of the 'Seven Pioneers of the Indian Space Programme.' He served as the first Director of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) and ISRO's Space Science & Technology Centre (now Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre), receiving the Padma Shri in 1969.

What was the legislative outcome directly resulting from the assassination of whistleblower Satyendra Dubey?

Answer: The Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011.

Following the assassination of whistleblower Satyendra Dubey, the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011, was passed to protect individuals who expose corruption.

Related Concepts:

  • Explain Satyendra Dubey's role and the legislative consequence of his assassination.: Satyendra Dubey, a whistleblower and project director for the NHAI's Golden Quadrilateral project at Koderma, was assassinated. This led to the enactment of the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011, designed to safeguard individuals who expose corruption.

E. Sreedharan is widely recognized for his leadership in the development of which major Indian infrastructure projects?

Answer: Konkan Railway, Cochin Shipyard, and the Delhi Metro.

E. Sreedharan is known for his leadership as chairman and managing director of Konkan Railway, Cochin Shipyard, and the Delhi Metro.

Related Concepts:

  • Enumerate E. Sreedharan's significant achievements in infrastructure development.: E. Sreedharan, a former IRSE officer, is recognized for his leadership as chairman and managing director of Konkan Railway, Cochin Shipyard, and the Delhi Metro. He received India's Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan, and international honors including Japan's Order of the Rising Sun and France's Legion of Honour, for his infrastructure contributions.

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