Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 4
The initial objective of the Franco-Spanish expedition was primarily to punish the Vietnamese rulers for executing Catholic missionaries.
Answer: True
The primary impetus for the Franco-Spanish expedition was punitive, targeting Vietnamese authorities responsible for the execution of Catholic missionaries.
Emperor Napoleon III intended for the Cochinchina campaign to remain a limited punitive action.
Answer: False
Emperor Napoleon III's strategic objectives for the Cochinchina campaign extended beyond a mere punitive action, involving significant troop deployments aimed at establishing French territorial and economic dominance.
Emperor Gia Long believed France had fully honored the Treaty of Versailles (1787) by providing substantial official support.
Answer: False
Emperor Gia Long contended that France had not adequately honored the Treaty of Versailles (1787), arguing that the assistance provided was primarily from private individuals rather than official state support.
By the mid-19th century, the Roman Catholic leadership in Vietnam was predominantly Vietnamese.
Answer: False
By the mid-19th century, the majority of Roman Catholic clergy, including bishops and priests serving the Vietnamese community, were French or Spanish, not Vietnamese.
The execution of French missionaries in 1857 was the sole reason Napoleon III authorized the expedition.
Answer: False
While the execution of missionaries was a significant factor, Napoleon III's decision was also influenced by concurrent French military actions in China and broader imperial ambitions.
Napoleon III justified the intervention in Vietnam using the concept of the 'Mission Civilisatrice'.
Answer: True
The concept of a 'civilizing mission' (Mission Civilisatrice) was employed as a justification for French military intervention and subsequent colonial endeavors in Vietnam.
Emperor Gia Long felt France had failed to honor which treaty concerning prior assistance?
Answer: Treaty of Versailles (1787)
Emperor Gia Long believed that France had not fulfilled its obligations under the Treaty of Versailles (1787), which had stipulated French assistance during his earlier struggles.
According to Gia Long's perspective, what was the nature of the aid he received from French individuals?
Answer: Primarily from volunteers and adventurers
Gia Long contended that the French aid he received originated primarily from volunteers and adventurers, such as Pierre Pigneau de Behaine, rather than from official governmental support.
Who comprised the majority of the Catholic clergy in Vietnam by the mid-19th century?
Answer: French and Spanish bishops and priests
By the mid-19th century, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church in Vietnam, including bishops and priests, was predominantly composed of French and Spanish nationals.
Besides the execution of missionaries, what contemporary event influenced Napoleon III's decision to launch the expedition in 1857?
Answer: The Opium War in China
Napoleon III's decision to authorize the expedition in 1857 coincided with France's military engagement in the Second Opium War in China, providing a strategic context for broader actions in the region.
The Cochinchina campaign constituted exclusively a French military endeavor against the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty.
Answer: False
The historical record confirms that the Cochinchina campaign was a joint military operation undertaken by the French Empire and the Kingdom of Spain against the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty.
Vietnamese engineers were unable to replicate the advanced Vaubanesque citadel design.
Answer: False
Vietnamese engineers demonstrated the capability to replicate advanced fortification designs, successfully reproducing the 18th-century Vaubanesque citadel of Saigon.
The Franco-Spanish naval expedition first landed and captured Tourane (Da Nang) in September 1858.
Answer: True
The initial landing and capture of Tourane (Da Nang) by the combined Franco-Spanish naval forces occurred in September 1858.
The Siege of Tourane was characterized by strong Vietnamese Christian support for the Franco-Spanish forces.
Answer: False
Contrary to expectations, the Franco-Spanish forces received minimal support from the Vietnamese Christian community during the Siege of Tourane; Vietnamese resistance proved unexpectedly strong.
Admiral Rigault de Genouilly shifted focus to Saigon because it was the Vietnamese imperial capital.
Answer: False
Admiral Rigault de Genouilly redirected efforts toward Saigon not because it was the imperial capital, but due to its strategic significance as a major source of provisions for the Vietnamese army.
During the attack on Saigon in February 1859, French forces successfully held the Citadel after capturing it.
Answer: False
Following the capture of the Saigon Citadel in February 1859, French forces were compelled to demolish it and withdraw due to insufficient manpower, rather than establishing a lasting hold.
France's involvement in the Austro-Sardinian War did not affect its troop deployment in Cochinchina.
Answer: False
The Austro-Sardinian War in 1859 significantly impacted French troop deployment capabilities in Cochinchina, as substantial French forces were engaged in European conflicts.
Admiral François Page's primary objective was to secure territorial gains in Vietnam.
Answer: False
Upon assuming command, Admiral François Page was instructed to prioritize securing a treaty that guaranteed the protection of the Catholic faith, rather than focusing on territorial expansion.
The Vietnamese government readily accepted Admiral Page's initial peace terms.
Answer: False
The Vietnamese government, perceiving France's weakened position due to European conflicts, rejected Admiral Page's moderate peace terms and prolonged negotiations.
Admiral Page's capture of the Kien Chan forts at Tourane significantly altered the Vietnamese negotiators' stance.
Answer: False
Despite Admiral Page's tactical victory in capturing the Kien Chan forts at Tourane, this action did not substantially alter the Vietnamese negotiators' position.
In March 1860, the French decided to reinforce their position at Tourane and evacuate Saigon.
Answer: False
In March 1860, the French made the strategic decision to evacuate their garrison from Tourane, recognizing the difficulty of maintaining positions in both Tourane and Saigon simultaneously.
Significant French reinforcements arrived in Cochinchina in early 1861, transferred from northern China.
Answer: True
In early 1861, a substantial French naval contingent, along with ground troops, was transferred from northern China to bolster French forces in Cochinchina.
The Battle of Ky Hoa resulted in a decisive Vietnamese victory over the French and Spanish forces.
Answer: False
The Battle of Ky Hoa in February 1861 concluded with a French and Spanish victory, although Vietnamese resistance inflicted considerable casualties on the allied forces.
The city of Mỹ Tho was captured by French forces after a prolonged siege and heavy fighting.
Answer: False
The French flotilla occupied the city of Mỹ Tho in April 1861 via the Mekong River without significant resistance or a prolonged siege.
As French military pressure increased, Vietnamese forces increasingly relied on guerrilla warfare tactics.
Answer: True
Facing conventional military setbacks, Vietnamese forces strategically transitioned to guerrilla warfare tactics to sustain resistance in the occupied provinces.
Admiral Charner declared a state of siege in Saigon and Mỹ Tho provinces in response to conventional Vietnamese military advances.
Answer: False
Admiral Charner declared a state of siege in Saigon and Mỹ Tho provinces primarily as a response to the proliferation of guerrilla warfare tactics employed by Vietnamese resistance fighters.
The United States Navy actively participated in combat operations alongside the French during the Cochinchina campaign.
Answer: False
The United States Navy's involvement was limited to specific humanitarian or search missions, such as the USS Saginaw's actions, and did not constitute active participation in combat operations alongside French forces.
The capture of Biên Hòa by Admiral Bonard was a reprisal for the loss of a French merchant ship.
Answer: False
Admiral Bonard's campaign against Biên Hòa was a reprisal for the loss of the French lorcha *Espérance* and its crew in an ambush, not a merchant ship.
The explosion of a French gunboat near Mỹ Tho in March 1862 was attributed to accidental mechanical failure.
Answer: False
The explosion of the French gunboat near Mỹ Tho led French authorities to suspect sabotage by Vietnamese insurgents, given the significant casualties and the context of ongoing resistance.
The fall of Vĩnh Long significantly improved the strategic position of the Vietnamese Court.
Answer: False
The fall of Vĩnh Long, following the loss of other key cities, critically weakened the strategic position of the Vietnamese Court, compelling them to seek peace.
The USS Saginaw's action at Qui Nh1n was a significant part of the main Franco-Spanish military strategy.
Answer: False
The USS Saginaw's intervention at Qui Nhơn, undertaken to search for missing American citizens, was an isolated event and not integral to the primary Franco-Spanish military strategy.
Emperor Tự Đức sought peace primarily due to the loss of the capital city Huế.
Answer: False
Emperor Tự Đức pursued peace negotiations primarily due to the cumulative loss of key southern cities such as Mỹ Tho, Biên Hòa, and Vĩnh Long, which severely compromised the empire's strategic position, rather than the loss of the capital itself.
The French lorcha *Espérance* was lost in an ambush, leading to military action in Đồng Nai Province.
Answer: True
The loss of the French lorcha *Espérance* and its crew in an ambush precipitated a French military campaign into Đồng Nai Province, resulting in the capture of Biên Hòa.
During the campaign, Vietnamese forces consistently outnumbered the combined French and Spanish troops.
Answer: True
Throughout the Cochinchina campaign, the Vietnamese army, estimated at over 10,000 soldiers, consistently maintained a numerical superiority over the combined French and Spanish forces, which numbered approximately 3,000.
The Franco-Spanish side suffered minimal casualties throughout the Cochinchina campaign.
Answer: False
The Franco-Spanish forces sustained considerable casualties, with approximately 1,000 soldiers killed or wounded during the campaign, indicating that losses were not minimal.
Saigon's strategic importance for the Vietnamese army was primarily its role as a political center.
Answer: False
Saigon's strategic importance for the Vietnamese army was primarily derived from its function as a critical source of food supplies, rather than its status as a political center.
Nguyễn Tri Phương successfully repelled the French and Spanish forces at the Battle of Ky Hoa.
Answer: False
Marshal Nguyễn Tri Phương led the Vietnamese defense at the Battle of Ky Hoa, but the French and Spanish forces ultimately achieved victory, albeit with significant allied casualties.
Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly commanded the forces that captured Saigon in February 1859.
Answer: True
Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly was the commander of the French expeditionary force responsible for the capture of Saigon in February 1859.
The French corvette *Forbin* played a role in facilitating peace negotiations by towing the Vietnamese delegation's ship.
Answer: True
The French corvette *Forbin* assisted in the peace process by towing the Vietnamese delegation's vessel, the *Aigle des Mers*, to Saigon for the treaty negotiations.
What type of advanced fortification had Vietnamese planners successfully replicated?
Answer: Vaubanesque citadel
Vietnamese planners successfully replicated the sophisticated design of the Vaubanesque citadel, originally constructed by French engineers.
Where did the Franco-Spanish forces first land during the Cochinchina campaign?
Answer: Tourane (Da Nang)
The initial landing point for the combined Franco-Spanish naval expedition was Tourane (now Da Nang) in September 1858.
Why was Saigon considered strategically important by Admiral Rigault de Genouilly?
Answer: It was the primary source of food for the Vietnamese army.
Admiral Rigault de Genouilly identified Saigon as strategically crucial due to its role as a principal source of food supply for the Vietnamese military.
What action did French forces take after capturing the Citadel of Saigon in February 1859?
Answer: Demolished the citadel and withdrew due to insufficient manpower
Due to insufficient troop numbers, French forces demolished the Saigon Citadel and withdrew after its capture in February 1859, rather than establishing a permanent presence at that time.
Which European conflict limited France's ability to commit more troops to the Cochinchina campaign in 1859?
Answer: The Austro-Sardinian War
The Austro-Sardinian War, occurring in 1859, diverted significant French military resources and personnel, thereby limiting France's capacity to reinforce its operations in Cochinchina.
How did the Vietnamese government react to Admiral Page's moderate peace terms?
Answer: They refused the terms and prolonged negotiations, hoping France would leave.
The Vietnamese government perceived France's constraints due to European conflicts and consequently rejected Admiral Page's peace terms, opting to prolong negotiations in hopes of a French withdrawal.
What strategic decision did the French make regarding Tourane in March 1860?
Answer: They decided to evacuate the garrison from Tourane.
In March 1860, the French command concluded that maintaining a presence in Tourane was untenable alongside other objectives, leading to the decision to evacuate the garrison from the city.
Which Vietnamese commander led the defense against the Franco-Spanish forces at the Battle of Ky Hoa?
Answer: Nguyễn Tri Phương
Marshal Nguyễn Tri Phương commanded the Vietnamese forces defending against the Franco-Spanish assault during the Battle of Ky Hoa.
How was the city of Mỹ Tho captured by French forces in April 1861?
Answer: By navigating the Mekong River and occupying it without resistance
French forces under Admiral Page occupied Mỹ Tho in April 1861 by navigating the Mekong River and entering the city without encountering significant opposition.
What change in tactics did Vietnamese forces adopt as they struggled against the French?
Answer: Guerrilla warfare
As conventional military confrontations became increasingly challenging, Vietnamese forces adapted by employing guerrilla warfare tactics to sustain resistance.
What was the stated mission of the USS Saginaw during its presence in Vietnamese waters?
Answer: To search for missing American citizens
The USS Saginaw was dispatched to Vietnamese waters with the specific objective of locating missing American citizens and sailors.
The French capture of Biên Hòa was a direct response to:
Answer: The loss of the French lorcha *Espérance*
The French military action leading to the capture of Biên Hòa was initiated as a reprisal for the ambush and loss of the French lorcha *Espérance* and its crew.
What led the French to suspect Vietnamese sabotage after the gunboat explosion near Mỹ Tho?
Answer: The heavy casualties and direction of insurgents
The significant casualties resulting from the gunboat explosion near Mỹ Tho, coupled with the perceived direction of insurgents, led French authorities to suspect deliberate sabotage.
The fall of which city significantly pressured the Vietnamese court to seek peace?
Answer: Vĩnh Long
The strategic importance of Vĩnh Long, coupled with the earlier losses of Mỹ Tho and Biên Hòa, critically weakened the Vietnamese court's position and prompted a move towards peace negotiations.
Which French admiral replaced Admiral Rigault de Genouilly and focused on treaty negotiations?
Answer: Admiral François Page
Admiral François Page succeeded Admiral Rigault de Genouilly and was tasked with prioritizing treaty negotiations, particularly concerning the protection of Catholic missionaries.
What was the approximate number of French and Spanish soldiers involved in the campaign compared to Vietnamese soldiers?
Answer: 3,000 Franco-Spanish vs. 10,000 Vietnamese
The Franco-Spanish expeditionary force comprised approximately 3,000 soldiers, whereas the Vietnamese army engaged in the conflict numbered over 10,000.
What was the approximate number of killed or wounded on the Franco-Spanish side during the campaign?
Answer: Approximately 1,000
The Franco-Spanish forces sustained approximately 1,000 casualties, encompassing both killed and wounded, throughout the duration of the Cochinchina campaign.
The Vietnamese emperor Tự Đức accepted all the harsh peace terms proposed by the French in March 1861.
Answer: False
Emperor Tự Đức was willing to concede on religious freedom but rejected other demands presented by the French in March 1861, prolonging the conflict.
The Treaty of Saigon, signed on June 5, 1862, formally ended the Cochinchina campaign.
Answer: True
The signing of the Treaty of Saigon on June 5, 1862, marked the formal conclusion of the Cochinchina campaign.
The Treaty of Saigon granted France freedom of commerce and movement only along the Red River.
Answer: False
The Treaty of Saigon granted France freedom of commerce and movement along the Mekong River and opened several ports, not exclusively the Red River.
Vietnam agreed to pay a substantial indemnity to France and Spain over ten years as part of the treaty.
Answer: True
Under the terms of the Treaty of Saigon, Vietnam committed to paying a significant indemnity to France and Spain, distributed over a ten-year period.
Phan Thanh Giản was the French admiral who signed the Treaty of Saigon.
Answer: False
Phan Thanh Giản was the Vietnamese minister who signed the Treaty of Saigon on behalf of Vietnam; he was not a French admiral.
Who were the primary signatories representing Vietnam and Spain at the Treaty of Saigon?
Answer: Phan Thanh Giản and Colonel Carlos Palanca Gutiérrez
The Treaty of Saigon was signed by Phan Thanh Giản representing Vietnam and Colonel Carlos Palanca Gutiérrez representing Spain, alongside Admiral Louis Adolphe Bonard for France.
Which Vietnamese provinces were ceded to France under the Treaty of Saigon?
Answer: Biên Hòa, Gia Định, and Định Tường
Under the Treaty of Saigon, France acquired the provinces of Biên Hòa, Gia Định, and Định Tường, along with the Poulo Condore islands.
What was the total financial indemnity Vietnam agreed to pay France and Spain?
Answer: 1 million dollars
Vietnam agreed to pay a total financial indemnity of one million dollars to France and Spain, to be disbursed over a ten-year period.
Which Vietnamese minister signed the Treaty of Saigon on behalf of Vietnam?
Answer: Phan Thanh Giản
Phan Thanh Giản, a minister serving Emperor Tự Đức, represented Vietnam in the signing of the Treaty of Saigon.
The successful conclusion of the Cochinchina campaign led to the establishment of French colonial rule in Vietnam.
Answer: True
The successful conclusion of the Cochinchina campaign directly precipitated the establishment of French colonial rule in Vietnam, initiating a protracted period of foreign governance.
The Cochinchina campaign is viewed as an isolated event unrelated to broader European imperial trends in Asia.
Answer: False
The Cochinchina campaign is intrinsically linked to the broader trend of 19th-century Western imperialism, specifically European colonial expansion across Asia.
The territories acquired by France were administered by the French Ministry of War.
Answer: False
The territories acquired by France in Cochinchina were placed under the administration of the French Ministry of the Marine, not the Ministry of War.
In 1867, France acquired additional Vietnamese provinces, effectively doubling the size of the French colony.
Answer: True
France expanded its colonial holdings in 1867 by acquiring three additional Vietnamese provinces, thereby approximately doubling the territorial extent of the French colony.
Spain gained significant territorial concessions in Vietnam following the Cochinchina campaign.
Answer: False
While Spain was a participant in the campaign, it received a share of the indemnity payment but did not secure any significant territorial concessions in Vietnam.
The Cochinchina campaign marked the end of French colonial ambitions in Indochina.
Answer: False
Far from marking an end, the Cochinchina campaign represented the beginning of French colonial rule in Vietnam and served as a crucial stepping stone for further French expansion throughout Indochina.
What was the timeframe of the Cochinchina campaign?
Answer: 1858-1862
The Cochinchina campaign spanned from September 1, 1858, to June 5, 1862.
Which two European powers collaborated in the Cochinchina campaign?
Answer: France and Spain
The Cochinchina campaign was a joint military operation undertaken by the French Empire and the Kingdom of Spain.
What was the long-term political consequence of the Cochinchina campaign?
Answer: The establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina
The primary long-term political consequence of the Cochinchina campaign was the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, marking the beginning of French colonial rule in Vietnam.
How were the territories acquired by France in Cochinchina administered?
Answer: Under the direct administration of the French Ministry of the Marine
The territories acquired by France in Cochinchina were established as a formal colony and administered directly by the French Ministry of the Marine, with Saigon serving as its capital.
What territorial expansion occurred in 1867, effectively doubling the size of the French colony?
Answer: Cession of Châu Đốc, Hà Tiên, and Vĩnh Long
In 1867, France expanded its colonial territory by acquiring the provinces of Châu Đốc, Hà Tiên, and Vĩnh Long from Vietnam, effectively doubling the size of the French colony.
What was Spain's role in the aftermath of the Cochinchina campaign?
Answer: Received a share of the indemnity but made no territorial gains
Spain participated in the campaign and received a portion of the indemnity payment stipulated in the Treaty of Saigon, but it did not acquire any territorial concessions in Vietnam.
The Cochinchina campaign is considered part of which larger historical trend?
Answer: Western imperialism in Asia
The Cochinchina campaign is widely recognized as a significant event within the broader historical context of Western imperialism and colonial expansion in Asia during the 19th century.