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American Conservatism: Ideology and Movements

At a Glance

Title: American Conservatism: Ideology and Movements

Total Categories: 5

Category Stats

  • Foundations of American Conservatism: 10 flashcards, 17 questions
  • Intellectual Traditions and Key Figures: 6 flashcards, 10 questions
  • Factions and Ideological Diversity: 9 flashcards, 14 questions
  • Policy Stances and Social Issues: 13 flashcards, 24 questions
  • Historical Development and Political Trends: 12 flashcards, 21 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 50
  • True/False Questions: 48
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 38
  • Total Questions: 86

Instructions

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⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

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Study Guide: American Conservatism: Ideology and Movements

Study Guide: American Conservatism: Ideology and Movements

Foundations of American Conservatism

Traditional American conservatism is defined by a commitment to individualism, capitalism, and a belief in strong, centralized federal authority.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a commitment to individualism, capitalism, and a belief in limited, rather than strong, centralized federal authority.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the defining characteristics of traditional American conservatism, and how has it evolved in the 21st century?: Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a belief in individualism, traditionalism, capitalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states. In the 21st century, it has seen shifts towards right-wing populist themes.
  • What is the fundamental trait of democracy according to American conservatives, and how do they view the balance of governmental power?: American conservatives typically view individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values as the fundamental trait of democracy. They generally believe in a balance between federal government and states' rights.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Unlike European conservatism, American conservatism historically embraced ideals such as landed nobility and hereditary monarchy.

Answer: False

This statement is false. American conservatism historically rejected ideals such as landed nobility and hereditary monarchy, distinguishing itself from European traditions.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the defining characteristics of traditional American conservatism, and how has it evolved in the 21st century?: Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a belief in individualism, traditionalism, capitalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states. In the 21st century, it has seen shifts towards right-wing populist themes.
  • How does American conservatism differ from European conservatism in its historical rejection of certain political ideals?: Following the American Revolution, Americans rejected core European conservative ideals such as landed nobility, hereditary monarchy, established churches, and powerful armies.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

American conservatives typically view individual liberty as secondary to the collective good in the framework of democracy.

Answer: False

This statement is false. American conservatives typically view individual liberty as a primary principle within the framework of democracy, not secondary to the collective good.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the fundamental trait of democracy according to American conservatives, and how do they view the balance of governmental power?: American conservatives typically view individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values as the fundamental trait of democracy. They generally believe in a balance between federal government and states' rights.
  • How do conservatives view the concept of "American exceptionalism," and what values are associated with it?: American conservatives typically promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead in spreading democracy and free markets. This concept is associated with American values like liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and Judeo-Christian values.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

The U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are foundational documents for American conservatism, emphasizing republicanism and classical liberal ideals.

Answer: True

This statement is true. The U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are foundational to American conservatism, emphasizing republicanism and classical liberal ideals.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
  • What are the key principles of constitutional conservatism, and what judicial philosophy is it often associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is defined by its adherence to the U.S. Constitution, its structures, and its principles, particularly the defense of liberty. It is often associated with judicial originalism, the interpretation of the Constitution based on its meaning at the time it was adopted.
  • How did the American Revolution influence the development of conservative thought in the United States?: The American Revolution's emphasis on liberty, rule of law, and the consent of the governed, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence, became foundational principles for American conservatism, leading to a rejection of British governance.

American classical liberalism strongly opposed any government intervention, including tariffs and subsidies.

Answer: False

This statement is false. American classical liberalism was more willing to support government intervention, such as tariffs and subsidies, compared to its European counterpart.

Related Concepts:

  • What distinguishes classical liberalism's influence on American conservatism from its European counterpart, particularly regarding economic intervention?: While European classical liberalism centered on laissez-faire, American classical liberals were more willing to support government intervention like tariffs and subsidies for producers, while condemning intervention for consumers.

Many conservatives believe Christianity and Western civilization are fundamentally separate entities with no historical link.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Many conservatives believe Christianity and Western civilization are inextricably linked, with culture arising from faith.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative perspective on the relationship between Christianity and Western civilization?: Many conservatives, including Russell Kirk, believe that Christianity and Western civilization are inextricably linked, with culture arising from religious faith and declining when that faith decays.

American conservatives often promote 'American exceptionalism,' the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead globally.

Answer: True

This statement is true. American conservatives often promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead globally in spreading democracy and free markets.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives view the concept of "American exceptionalism," and what values are associated with it?: American conservatives typically promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead in spreading democracy and free markets. This concept is associated with American values like liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and Judeo-Christian values.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

The 'City upon a Hill' metaphor signifies the conservative belief that America is subject to the same historical forces as other nations.

Answer: False

This statement is false. The 'City upon a Hill' metaphor signifies the conservative belief that America has a unique role and purpose, exempt from the historical forces that have impacted other nations.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the historical and ideological significance of the "City upon a Hill" metaphor for American conservatives?: The "City upon a Hill" metaphor, originating from Puritan settlers and later invoked by Ronald Reagan, signifies the conservative belief that America is a unique nation with a special role and purpose, exempt from the historical forces that have impacted other nations.

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of traditional American conservatism?

Answer: Belief in individualism, capitalism, and limited federal government power.

Traditional American conservatism is defined by a commitment to individualism, capitalism, and limited federal governmental power, alongside republicanism and classical liberal ideals.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the defining characteristics of traditional American conservatism, and how has it evolved in the 21st century?: Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a belief in individualism, traditionalism, capitalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states. In the 21st century, it has seen shifts towards right-wing populist themes.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
  • How do conservatives view the concept of "American exceptionalism," and what values are associated with it?: American conservatives typically promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead in spreading democracy and free markets. This concept is associated with American values like liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and Judeo-Christian values.

Which European conservative ideals did American conservatism historically reject after the Revolution?

Answer: Landed nobility, hereditary monarchy, and established churches.

Following the American Revolution, American conservatism historically rejected core European conservative ideals such as landed nobility, hereditary monarchy, and established churches.

Related Concepts:

  • How does American conservatism differ from European conservatism in its historical rejection of certain political ideals?: Following the American Revolution, Americans rejected core European conservative ideals such as landed nobility, hereditary monarchy, established churches, and powerful armies.
  • How did the American Revolution influence the development of conservative thought in the United States?: The American Revolution's emphasis on liberty, rule of law, and the consent of the governed, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence, became foundational principles for American conservatism, leading to a rejection of British governance.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

According to the source, what is the fundamental trait of democracy as viewed by American conservatives?

Answer: Individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values.

American conservatives typically view individual liberty, within the bounds of conservative values, as the fundamental trait of democracy, emphasizing a balance between federal and state authority.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the fundamental trait of democracy according to American conservatives, and how do they view the balance of governmental power?: American conservatives typically view individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values as the fundamental trait of democracy. They generally believe in a balance between federal government and states' rights.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
  • How do conservatives view the concept of "American exceptionalism," and what values are associated with it?: American conservatives typically promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead in spreading democracy and free markets. This concept is associated with American values like liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and Judeo-Christian values.

Compared to European classical liberalism, American classical liberalism was:

Answer: More willing to support government intervention like tariffs and subsidies.

American classical liberalism was more willing to support government intervention, such as tariffs and subsidies for producers, compared to European classical liberalism, which was more rigidly opposed to intervention.

Related Concepts:

  • What distinguishes classical liberalism's influence on American conservatism from its European counterpart, particularly regarding economic intervention?: While European classical liberalism centered on laissez-faire, American classical liberals were more willing to support government intervention like tariffs and subsidies for producers, while condemning intervention for consumers.

What is the conservative belief reflected by the 'City upon a Hill' metaphor?

Answer: America has a unique role and purpose, setting an example for the world.

The 'City upon a Hill' metaphor signifies the conservative belief that America is a unique nation with a special role and purpose, intended to serve as an example to the world.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the historical and ideological significance of the "City upon a Hill" metaphor for American conservatives?: The "City upon a Hill" metaphor, originating from Puritan settlers and later invoked by Ronald Reagan, signifies the conservative belief that America is a unique nation with a special role and purpose, exempt from the historical forces that have impacted other nations.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a core tenet of traditional American conservatism?

Answer: Strong support for labor unions

Support for labor unions is not listed as a core tenet of traditional American conservatism; individualism, capitalism, and limited government are central principles.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the defining characteristics of traditional American conservatism, and how has it evolved in the 21st century?: Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a belief in individualism, traditionalism, capitalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states. In the 21st century, it has seen shifts towards right-wing populist themes.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
  • What is the fundamental trait of democracy according to American conservatives, and how do they view the balance of governmental power?: American conservatives typically view individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values as the fundamental trait of democracy. They generally believe in a balance between federal government and states' rights.

What is the conservative perspective on the relationship between Christianity and Western civilization?

Answer: They are inextricably linked, with culture arising from faith.

Many conservatives believe Christianity and Western civilization are inextricably linked, with culture arising from religious faith and declining when that faith decays.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative perspective on the relationship between Christianity and Western civilization?: Many conservatives, including Russell Kirk, believe that Christianity and Western civilization are inextricably linked, with culture arising from religious faith and declining when that faith decays.

The concept of 'American exceptionalism' promoted by conservatives suggests:

Answer: The U.S. has a unique duty to lead the world in spreading democracy and free markets.

American exceptionalism, as promoted by conservatives, suggests that the United States has a unique duty to lead the world in spreading democracy and free markets, stemming from its unique role and purpose.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives view the concept of "American exceptionalism," and what values are associated with it?: American conservatives typically promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead in spreading democracy and free markets. This concept is associated with American values like liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and Judeo-Christian values.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a value associated with American exceptionalism by conservatives?

Answer: Socialism

Socialism is not listed as a value associated with American exceptionalism by conservatives; values such as liberty, individualism, and laissez-faire capitalism are emphasized.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives view the concept of "American exceptionalism," and what values are associated with it?: American conservatives typically promote American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. has a unique duty to lead in spreading democracy and free markets. This concept is associated with American values like liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and Judeo-Christian values.
  • What is the fundamental trait of democracy according to American conservatives, and how do they view the balance of governmental power?: American conservatives typically view individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values as the fundamental trait of democracy. They generally believe in a balance between federal government and states' rights.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Intellectual Traditions and Key Figures

Russell Kirk viewed the American Revolution as a radical break from English political traditions, leading to new conservative principles.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Russell Kirk viewed the American Revolution as a conservative reaction rooted in English tradition against royal innovation.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Russell Kirk, what was the nature of the American Revolution in relation to conservative thought?: Russell Kirk argued that the American Revolution was a conservative reaction, rooted in the English political tradition, against royal innovation.
  • What are Russell Kirk's six "canons" of conservatism?: Russell Kirk's six canons of conservatism include: belief in a transcendent order, affection for the variety and mystery of human existence, conviction that society requires orders and classes, belief that property and freedom are linked, faith in custom and prescription, and recognition that innovation must be tied to tradition and prudence.
  • What is the conservative perspective on the relationship between Christianity and Western civilization?: Many conservatives, including Russell Kirk, believe that Christianity and Western civilization are inextricably linked, with culture arising from religious faith and declining when that faith decays.

Ross Douthat argues that conservatism should defend traditional institutions against extreme liberal ideas.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Ross Douthat argues that conservatism should defend fundamental human goods and traditional institutions against liberal ideas taken to extremes.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Ross Douthat, what is the role of conservatism in a liberal society?: Ross Douthat argues that conservatism in a liberal society should defend fundamental human goods, such as the family, traditional religion, and local communities, against liberal ideas taken to extremes.

Russell Kirk's canons of conservatism include a belief in the necessity of rapid innovation and a rejection of tradition.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Russell Kirk's canons emphasize faith in custom and prescription, and recognition that innovation must be tied to tradition and prudence, not rapid innovation or rejection of tradition.

Related Concepts:

  • What are Russell Kirk's six "canons" of conservatism?: Russell Kirk's six canons of conservatism include: belief in a transcendent order, affection for the variety and mystery of human existence, conviction that society requires orders and classes, belief that property and freedom are linked, faith in custom and prescription, and recognition that innovation must be tied to tradition and prudence.
  • What is the conservative perspective on the relationship between Christianity and Western civilization?: Many conservatives, including Russell Kirk, believe that Christianity and Western civilization are inextricably linked, with culture arising from religious faith and declining when that faith decays.
  • According to Russell Kirk, what was the nature of the American Revolution in relation to conservative thought?: Russell Kirk argued that the American Revolution was a conservative reaction, rooted in the English political tradition, against royal innovation.

William Howard Taft supported Theodore Roosevelt's idea that popular votes should overturn Supreme Court decisions.

Answer: False

This statement is false. William Howard Taft championed independent judges as arbiters of the Constitution, contrasting with Theodore Roosevelt's idea that popular votes should overturn court decisions.

Related Concepts:

  • How did William Howard Taft's views on the judiciary differ from Theodore Roosevelt's, and what was the conservative response?: William Howard Taft championed independent judges as arbiters of the Constitution, while Theodore Roosevelt advocated for popular votes to overturn unwelcome court decisions. Taft rallied conservatives against Roosevelt's proposal, influencing the Supreme Court's composition until the late 1930s.

Clinton Rossiter defined conservatism as skepticism of popular government and opposition to movements challenging the power of the upper class.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Clinton Rossiter defined conservatism by the rule of the upper class, skepticism of popular government, and opposition to movements challenging their power.

Related Concepts:

  • Who did Clinton Rossiter identify as "Giants of American Conservatism," and what was his definition of conservatism?: Clinton Rossiter identified figures like John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Elihu Root, and Theodore Roosevelt as "giants of American conservatism." He defined conservatism by the rule of the upper class, skepticism of popular government, and opposition to movements that challenged their power.

Which philosophical tradition emphasizes individual rights and limited government, influencing American conservatism according to Louis Hartz?

Answer: The Lockean consensus

Louis Hartz argued that American conservatism was influenced by the Lockean consensus, a philosophical tradition emphasizing individual rights and limited government, which contributed to socialism's failure to establish itself in the U.S.

Related Concepts:

  • What philosophical traditions have influenced American conservatism, and what is the significance of the "Lockean consensus" in this context?: Conservative philosophy draws partly from the classical liberal tradition advocating laissez-faire economics. Louis Hartz argued that socialism failed to establish itself in the U.S. due to a widespread acceptance of an underlying Lockean consensus, emphasizing individual rights and limited government.

According to Russell Kirk, the American Revolution was primarily:

Answer: A conservative reaction rooted in English tradition against royal innovation.

Russell Kirk posited that the American Revolution was primarily a conservative reaction, deeply rooted in the English political tradition, against perceived royal innovation.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Russell Kirk, what was the nature of the American Revolution in relation to conservative thought?: Russell Kirk argued that the American Revolution was a conservative reaction, rooted in the English political tradition, against royal innovation.

According to Clinton Rossiter's definition, conservatism historically involved:

Answer: Skepticism of popular government and rule by the upper class.

Clinton Rossiter defined conservatism historically by skepticism of popular government and opposition to movements challenging the power of the upper class.

Related Concepts:

  • Who did Clinton Rossiter identify as "Giants of American Conservatism," and what was his definition of conservatism?: Clinton Rossiter identified figures like John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Elihu Root, and Theodore Roosevelt as "giants of American conservatism." He defined conservatism by the rule of the upper class, skepticism of popular government, and opposition to movements that challenged their power.

Which figures were identified by Clinton Rossiter as 'Giants of American Conservatism'?

Answer: John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Theodore Roosevelt

Clinton Rossiter identified figures such as John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and Theodore Roosevelt as 'Giants of American Conservatism'.

Related Concepts:

  • Who did Clinton Rossiter identify as "Giants of American Conservatism," and what was his definition of conservatism?: Clinton Rossiter identified figures like John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Elihu Root, and Theodore Roosevelt as "giants of American conservatism." He defined conservatism by the rule of the upper class, skepticism of popular government, and opposition to movements that challenged their power.

William Howard Taft's view on the judiciary contrasted with Theodore Roosevelt's by:

Answer: Championing independent judges as arbiters of the Constitution.

William Howard Taft championed independent judges as arbiters of the Constitution, contrasting with Theodore Roosevelt's advocacy for popular votes to overturn court decisions.

Related Concepts:

  • How did William Howard Taft's views on the judiciary differ from Theodore Roosevelt's, and what was the conservative response?: William Howard Taft championed independent judges as arbiters of the Constitution, while Theodore Roosevelt advocated for popular votes to overturn unwelcome court decisions. Taft rallied conservatives against Roosevelt's proposal, influencing the Supreme Court's composition until the late 1930s.

Factions and Ideological Diversity

The Christian right plays a significant role in supporting American conservatism by interpreting Christian values and moral absolutism.

Answer: True

This statement is true. The Christian right significantly supports American conservatism by interpreting Christian values and moral absolutism, influencing social stances.

Related Concepts:

  • What role does the Christian right play in supporting American conservatism, and what are some common social stances held by conservatives?: American conservatives maintain support from the Christian right, which interprets Christian values and moral absolutism. Socially, conservatives generally oppose abortion, euthanasia, and some LGBT rights.

Constitutional conservatism is primarily concerned with adapting the Constitution to modern social changes, regardless of original intent.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Constitutional conservatism is primarily concerned with interpreting the Constitution based on its original intent and principles, not adapting it to modern social changes.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the key principles of constitutional conservatism, and what judicial philosophy is it often associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is defined by its adherence to the U.S. Constitution, its structures, and its principles, particularly the defense of liberty. It is often associated with judicial originalism, the interpretation of the Constitution based on its meaning at the time it was adopted.
  • What is constitutional conservatism, and what contemporary movement is it associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is a form of conservatism committed to the U.S. Constitution, defending constitutionalism, enumerated powers, and the preservation of constitutional principles, particularly liberty. It has been influential in the Tea Party movement and is associated with judicial originalism.
  • What is "originalism" in the context of constitutional interpretation, and which Supreme Court justices are associated with it?: Originalism is a conservative legal philosophy asserting that the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted based on its meaning at the time it was adopted. Supreme Court justices like Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas, along with former judges Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia, are associated with this view.

Fiscal conservatism emphasizes low taxes and restrained government spending.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Fiscal conservatism is characterized by an emphasis on low taxes and restrained government spending.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core tenets of fiscal conservatism and libertarian conservatism?: Fiscal conservatism focuses on low taxes and restrained government spending, advocating for capitalism, individualism, and limited government. Libertarian conservatism fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, emphasizing a strict interpretation of the Constitution regarding federal power and often holding socially liberal positions on issues like abortion and gay marriage.
  • What are the main economic principles advocated by fiscal conservatives and libertarians?: Fiscal conservatives and libertarians advocate for capitalism, individualism, limited government, and laissez-faire economics. They support low taxes, free markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government spending and debt.

Libertarian conservatism often aligns with socially liberal positions on issues like abortion and gay marriage.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Libertarian conservatism often fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, leading to socially liberal positions on issues such as abortion and gay marriage.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core tenets of fiscal conservatism and libertarian conservatism?: Fiscal conservatism focuses on low taxes and restrained government spending, advocating for capitalism, individualism, and limited government. Libertarian conservatism fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, emphasizing a strict interpretation of the Constitution regarding federal power and often holding socially liberal positions on issues like abortion and gay marriage.

National conservatism prioritizes promoting democracy abroad through assertive foreign policy.

Answer: False

This statement is false. National conservatism emphasizes national and cultural identity and strict law and order, while neoconservatism prioritizes promoting democracy abroad through assertive foreign policy.

Related Concepts:

  • How do national conservatives and neoconservatives differ in their foreign policy approaches?: National conservatives focus on upholding national and cultural identity, emphasizing American nationalism and strict law and order. Neoconservatives, conversely, advocate for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad.
  • How does national conservatism differ from neoconservatism and paleoconservatism in its focus?: National conservatism concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity, emphasizing American nationalism and strict law and order policies. Neoconservatism advocates for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad, while paleoconservatism emphasizes immigration restrictions and a non-interventionist foreign policy.

Social conservatives, particularly Christian conservatives, often feel traditional moral values rooted in the nuclear family are threatened by secularism.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Social conservatives, especially Christian conservatives, often perceive traditional moral values as threatened by secularism and moral relativism.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the primary concerns of social conservatives, particularly Christian conservatives?: Social conservatives focus on preserving traditional moral values, often rooted in the nuclear family and religion, which they feel are threatened by secularism and moral relativism. Christian conservatives, in particular, often hold that the U.S. was founded as a Christian nation and advocate for restricting abortion and opposing LGBT rights.

Judicial originalism, favored by constitutional conservatives, interprets the Constitution based on contemporary societal values.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Judicial originalism interprets the Constitution based on its meaning at the time of adoption, not contemporary societal values.

Related Concepts:

  • What is "originalism" in the context of constitutional interpretation, and which Supreme Court justices are associated with it?: Originalism is a conservative legal philosophy asserting that the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted based on its meaning at the time it was adopted. Supreme Court justices like Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas, along with former judges Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia, are associated with this view.
  • What are the key principles of constitutional conservatism, and what judicial philosophy is it often associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is defined by its adherence to the U.S. Constitution, its structures, and its principles, particularly the defense of liberty. It is often associated with judicial originalism, the interpretation of the Constitution based on its meaning at the time it was adopted.

Neoconservatives advocate for a non-interventionist foreign policy and focus primarily on domestic cultural issues.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Neoconservatives advocate for an interventionist foreign policy, contrasting with a focus on domestic cultural issues.

Related Concepts:

  • How do national conservatives and neoconservatives differ in their foreign policy approaches?: National conservatives focus on upholding national and cultural identity, emphasizing American nationalism and strict law and order. Neoconservatives, conversely, advocate for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad.
  • How does national conservatism differ from neoconservatism and paleoconservatism in its focus?: National conservatism concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity, emphasizing American nationalism and strict law and order policies. Neoconservatism advocates for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad, while paleoconservatism emphasizes immigration restrictions and a non-interventionist foreign policy.

Christian conservatives often believe the U.S. was founded as a Christian nation and support restricting abortion.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Christian conservatives often believe the U.S. was founded as a Christian nation and advocate for restricting abortion and other policies aligned with their moral values.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core beliefs of Christian conservatives regarding the role of religion in public life and society?: Christian conservatives often assert that the United States was founded as a Christian nation and call for laws that enforce Christian morality. They typically support school prayer, vouchers for religious schools, and restricting or outlawing abortion.
  • What are the primary concerns of social conservatives, particularly Christian conservatives?: Social conservatives focus on preserving traditional moral values, often rooted in the nuclear family and religion, which they feel are threatened by secularism and moral relativism. Christian conservatives, in particular, often hold that the U.S. was founded as a Christian nation and advocate for restricting abortion and opposing LGBT rights.
  • What role does the Christian right play in supporting American conservatism, and what are some common social stances held by conservatives?: American conservatives maintain support from the Christian right, which interprets Christian values and moral absolutism. Socially, conservatives generally oppose abortion, euthanasia, and some LGBT rights.

Originalism interprets the Constitution based on its meaning at the time of adoption, and Justice Clarence Thomas is associated with this view.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Originalism interprets the Constitution based on its meaning at the time of adoption, and Justice Clarence Thomas is associated with this judicial philosophy.

Related Concepts:

  • What is "originalism" in the context of constitutional interpretation, and which Supreme Court justices are associated with it?: Originalism is a conservative legal philosophy asserting that the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted based on its meaning at the time it was adopted. Supreme Court justices like Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas, along with former judges Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia, are associated with this view.

Constitutional conservatism is strongly associated with which judicial philosophy?

Answer: Judicial originalism

Constitutional conservatism is strongly associated with judicial originalism, the philosophy of interpreting the Constitution based on its meaning at the time of adoption.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the key principles of constitutional conservatism, and what judicial philosophy is it often associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is defined by its adherence to the U.S. Constitution, its structures, and its principles, particularly the defense of liberty. It is often associated with judicial originalism, the interpretation of the Constitution based on its meaning at the time it was adopted.
  • What is constitutional conservatism, and what contemporary movement is it associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is a form of conservatism committed to the U.S. Constitution, defending constitutionalism, enumerated powers, and the preservation of constitutional principles, particularly liberty. It has been influential in the Tea Party movement and is associated with judicial originalism.
  • What is "originalism" in the context of constitutional interpretation, and which Supreme Court justices are associated with it?: Originalism is a conservative legal philosophy asserting that the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted based on its meaning at the time it was adopted. Supreme Court justices like Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas, along with former judges Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia, are associated with this view.

Which type of conservatism fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, sometimes holding socially liberal views?

Answer: Libertarian conservatism

Libertarian conservatism fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, often characterized by a strict interpretation of the Constitution and sometimes holding socially liberal positions.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core tenets of fiscal conservatism and libertarian conservatism?: Fiscal conservatism focuses on low taxes and restrained government spending, advocating for capitalism, individualism, and limited government. Libertarian conservatism fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, emphasizing a strict interpretation of the Constitution regarding federal power and often holding socially liberal positions on issues like abortion and gay marriage.
  • What are the main economic principles advocated by fiscal conservatives and libertarians?: Fiscal conservatives and libertarians advocate for capitalism, individualism, limited government, and laissez-faire economics. They support low taxes, free markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government spending and debt.
  • What is constitutional conservatism, and what contemporary movement is it associated with?: Constitutional conservatism is a form of conservatism committed to the U.S. Constitution, defending constitutionalism, enumerated powers, and the preservation of constitutional principles, particularly liberty. It has been influential in the Tea Party movement and is associated with judicial originalism.

How does national conservatism primarily differ from neoconservatism?

Answer: Neoconservatism advocates for an interventionist foreign policy, while national conservatism focuses on national and cultural identity.

National conservatism concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity, whereas neoconservatism advocates for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad.

Related Concepts:

  • How do national conservatives and neoconservatives differ in their foreign policy approaches?: National conservatives focus on upholding national and cultural identity, emphasizing American nationalism and strict law and order. Neoconservatives, conversely, advocate for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad.
  • How does national conservatism differ from neoconservatism and paleoconservatism in its focus?: National conservatism concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity, emphasizing American nationalism and strict law and order policies. Neoconservatism advocates for a more assertive, interventionist foreign policy aimed at promoting democracy abroad, while paleoconservatism emphasizes immigration restrictions and a non-interventionist foreign policy.

According to the source, what is a key characteristic of paleoconservatism?

Answer: Emphasis on immigration restrictions.

Paleoconservatism is characterized by an emphasis on immigration restrictions and a non-interventionist foreign policy, distinguishing it from other conservative factions.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the defining characteristics of traditional American conservatism, and how has it evolved in the 21st century?: Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a belief in individualism, traditionalism, capitalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states. In the 21st century, it has seen shifts towards right-wing populist themes.

Policy Stances and Social Issues

American conservatives generally oppose communism and labor unions more strongly than liberals.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Conservatives tend to be more strongly opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals and social democrats.

Related Concepts:

  • How do American conservatives generally approach economic policy, and what are their views on communism and labor unions compared to liberals?: Conservatives tend to favor economic liberalism, are generally pro-business and pro-capitalism, and are more strongly opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals and social democrats.

Conservatives generally advocate for strong government intervention in social issues like healthcare and environmental protection.

Answer: False

This statement is generally false. Conservatives typically oppose strong government intervention in social issues like healthcare and environmental protection, favoring limited government roles.

Related Concepts:

  • In which areas do American conservatives typically favor strong government action, and in which do they oppose intervention?: Apart from some right-libertarians, American conservatives tend to favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while opposing government intervention in social issues like healthcare and the environment.
  • What is the conservative view on the welfare state and the role of government in the economy?: Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing that government programs encouraging dependence hinder self-reliance. They typically advocate for a smaller government role in regulating business and managing the economy, favoring economic liberalization and private voluntary charitable organizations for assisting the poor.
  • What is the conservative stance on environmentalism and climate change?: Many conservatives oppose environmentalism and often express skepticism or denial regarding anthropogenic climate change, arguing that environmental regulations would cause more harm than good. They tend to advocate for deregulation of pollution and reduced carbon emissions.

Fiscal conservatives and libertarians advocate for increased government spending and higher taxes to stimulate the economy.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Fiscal conservatives and libertarians advocate for low taxes, restrained government spending, and free markets, not increased spending and higher taxes.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the main economic principles advocated by fiscal conservatives and libertarians?: Fiscal conservatives and libertarians advocate for capitalism, individualism, limited government, and laissez-faire economics. They support low taxes, free markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government spending and debt.
  • What are the core tenets of fiscal conservatism and libertarian conservatism?: Fiscal conservatism focuses on low taxes and restrained government spending, advocating for capitalism, individualism, and limited government. Libertarian conservatism fuses fiscal conservatism with libertarianism, emphasizing a strict interpretation of the Constitution regarding federal power and often holding socially liberal positions on issues like abortion and gay marriage.

Cultural conservatives often favor a 'salad bowl' approach to assimilation, valuing multiculturalism over a common American culture.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Cultural conservatives often support a 'melting pot' model of assimilation, emphasizing integration into a common American culture, rather than a 'salad bowl' approach.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the "melting pot" model of assimilation favored by cultural conservatives, and how does it contrast with other approaches?: Cultural conservatives often support a "melting pot" model of assimilation, where immigrants integrate into a common, English-speaking American culture. This contrasts with a "salad bowl" approach, which allows for the legitimacy of many different cultures.

Conservatives have historically used the term 'Socialist' to praise political opponents advocating for strong central planning.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservatives have historically used the term 'Socialist' as a rhetorical weapon against political opponents, often associating it with government overreach and central planning.

Related Concepts:

  • How have conservatives historically used the term "Socialist" in political discourse?: Conservatives have historically used the term "Socialist" as a rhetorical weapon against political opponents, often associating it with government overreach, central planning, and a deviation from American values.

Conservatives generally support curricula in the humanities that emphasize diversity and identity politics.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservatives often argue that humanities curricula should teach eternal truths and resist being tailored solely to diversity and identity politics.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core arguments of conservatives regarding the humanities curriculum and the concept of "identity politics"?: Conservatives often argue that the humanities should teach eternal truths and resist curricula tailored to demonstrate diversity. They generally oppose the "identity politics" associated with multiculturalism and support individualism.

Conservatives generally condemn 'judicial activism,' viewing judges as policymakers rather than interpreters of law.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Conservatives typically condemn 'judicial activism,' believing judges should interpret law rather than create policy.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives generally view the role of courts in the U.S. political system, particularly concerning "judicial activism"?: Conservatives generally believe in maintaining the status quo and limiting government power, which extends to their views on the courts. They often condemn "judicial activism," where judges are seen as using their decisions to control policy, a stance that has historical roots in critiques of courts perceived as overstepping their bounds.

Conservatives argue that affirmative action is a necessary tool to correct historical injustices based on group identity.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservatives generally oppose affirmative action, arguing for colorblind policies based on individual achievement rather than group identity.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative argument against affirmative action and reparations for slavery?: Conservatives generally oppose affirmative action and reparations, arguing that America is not a racist country and that legislation should be colorblind. They believe job positions and college admissions should be based on individual achievement rather than group identity, viewing affirmative action as "reverse discrimination."

Conservative stances on environmentalism often include skepticism about anthropogenic climate change and opposition to stringent regulations.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Conservative stances on environmentalism often include skepticism regarding anthropogenic climate change and opposition to stringent regulations perceived as harmful to the economy.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative stance on environmentalism and climate change?: Many conservatives oppose environmentalism and often express skepticism or denial regarding anthropogenic climate change, arguing that environmental regulations would cause more harm than good. They tend to advocate for deregulation of pollution and reduced carbon emissions.
  • In which areas do American conservatives typically favor strong government action, and in which do they oppose intervention?: Apart from some right-libertarians, American conservatives tend to favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while opposing government intervention in social issues like healthcare and the environment.

Conservatives typically support criminal justice reform and movements like Black Lives Matter, viewing police officers critically.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservatives generally support strong law and order policies and often oppose movements like Black Lives Matter, viewing police officers critically.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives generally approach issues of law and order, including crime and the justice system?: Conservatives generally support strong law and order policies to control crime, including long jail terms for repeat offenders and the death penalty. They often oppose criminal justice reform and movements like Black Lives Matter, viewing police officers as victims of unfair discrimination.

Conservatives generally support the welfare state, believing government dependency fosters self-reliance.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing government dependency hinders self-reliance.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative view on the welfare state and the role of government in the economy?: Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing that government programs encouraging dependence hinder self-reliance. They typically advocate for a smaller government role in regulating business and managing the economy, favoring economic liberalization and private voluntary charitable organizations for assisting the poor.
  • How do American conservatives generally approach economic policy, and what are their views on communism and labor unions compared to liberals?: Conservatives tend to favor economic liberalism, are generally pro-business and pro-capitalism, and are more strongly opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals and social democrats.
  • What philosophical traditions have influenced American conservatism, and what is the significance of the "Lockean consensus" in this context?: Conservative philosophy draws partly from the classical liberal tradition advocating laissez-faire economics. Louis Hartz argued that socialism failed to establish itself in the U.S. due to a widespread acceptance of an underlying Lockean consensus, emphasizing individual rights and limited government.

Many conservatives advocate for protectionism, arguing that free trade benefits other countries at the expense of American workers.

Answer: True

This statement is true. Many conservatives advocate for protectionism to safeguard American jobs and businesses from foreign competition.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative perspective on free trade versus protectionism?: Some conservatives oppose free trade policies, supporting protectionism and immigration reduction instead. They advocate for government intervention to protect American jobs and businesses from foreign competition, arguing that free trade benefits other countries at the expense of American workers.

Conservatives generally hold a favorable view of immigration, particularly advocating for open borders.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservatives generally hold an unfavorable view of immigration, with a particular emphasis on opposing illegal immigration.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative view on immigration, particularly illegal immigration?: Conservatives tend to be opposed to immigration, with a particular emphasis on opposing illegal immigration.
  • What is the conservative perspective on free trade versus protectionism?: Some conservatives oppose free trade policies, supporting protectionism and immigration reduction instead. They advocate for government intervention to protect American jobs and businesses from foreign competition, arguing that free trade benefits other countries at the expense of American workers.
  • What is the conservative view on the welfare state and the role of government in the economy?: Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing that government programs encouraging dependence hinder self-reliance. They typically advocate for a smaller government role in regulating business and managing the economy, favoring economic liberalization and private voluntary charitable organizations for assisting the poor.

How do American conservatives generally differ from liberals regarding economic policy and labor unions?

Answer: Conservatives are more opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals.

Conservatives tend to favor economic liberalism, are generally pro-business and pro-capitalism, and are more strongly opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals and social democrats.

Related Concepts:

  • How do American conservatives generally approach economic policy, and what are their views on communism and labor unions compared to liberals?: Conservatives tend to favor economic liberalism, are generally pro-business and pro-capitalism, and are more strongly opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals and social democrats.

In which areas do American conservatives typically favor strong government action?

Answer: National defense and law enforcement.

Apart from some right-libertarians, American conservatives tend to favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while opposing government intervention in social issues like healthcare and the environment.

Related Concepts:

  • In which areas do American conservatives typically favor strong government action, and in which do they oppose intervention?: Apart from some right-libertarians, American conservatives tend to favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while opposing government intervention in social issues like healthcare and the environment.
  • What is the conservative view on the welfare state and the role of government in the economy?: Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing that government programs encouraging dependence hinder self-reliance. They typically advocate for a smaller government role in regulating business and managing the economy, favoring economic liberalization and private voluntary charitable organizations for assisting the poor.
  • What is the fundamental trait of democracy according to American conservatives, and how do they view the balance of governmental power?: American conservatives typically view individual liberty within the bounds of conservative values as the fundamental trait of democracy. They generally believe in a balance between federal government and states' rights.

Which of the following best describes the conservative argument against affirmative action?

Answer: It promotes individual meritocracy and colorblind policies.

Conservatives generally argue against affirmative action, contending that policies should be colorblind and based on individual merit rather than group identity, viewing it as 'reverse discrimination'.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative argument against affirmative action and reparations for slavery?: Conservatives generally oppose affirmative action and reparations, arguing that America is not a racist country and that legislation should be colorblind. They believe job positions and college admissions should be based on individual achievement rather than group identity, viewing affirmative action as "reverse discrimination."

What is the typical conservative stance on environmental regulations and climate change?

Answer: Skepticism towards anthropogenic climate change and opposition to regulations perceived as harmful to the economy.

Many conservatives express skepticism regarding anthropogenic climate change and oppose stringent environmental regulations, arguing they can harm the economy, while favoring deregulation.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative stance on environmentalism and climate change?: Many conservatives oppose environmentalism and often express skepticism or denial regarding anthropogenic climate change, arguing that environmental regulations would cause more harm than good. They tend to advocate for deregulation of pollution and reduced carbon emissions.
  • In which areas do American conservatives typically favor strong government action, and in which do they oppose intervention?: Apart from some right-libertarians, American conservatives tend to favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while opposing government intervention in social issues like healthcare and the environment.

Conservatives generally view the welfare state as:

Answer: A system that hinders self-reliance and fosters dependence.

Conservatives generally view the welfare state as a system that hinders self-reliance and fosters dependence, advocating for a smaller government role and private charitable assistance.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative view on the welfare state and the role of government in the economy?: Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing that government programs encouraging dependence hinder self-reliance. They typically advocate for a smaller government role in regulating business and managing the economy, favoring economic liberalization and private voluntary charitable organizations for assisting the poor.

What is a common conservative argument regarding the humanities curriculum?

Answer: It should teach eternal truths and resist curricula tailored solely to diversity.

A common conservative argument is that the humanities curriculum should focus on teaching eternal truths and resist being tailored solely to diversity and identity politics.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core arguments of conservatives regarding the humanities curriculum and the concept of "identity politics"?: Conservatives often argue that the humanities should teach eternal truths and resist curricula tailored to demonstrate diversity. They generally oppose the "identity politics" associated with multiculturalism and support individualism.

How do conservatives generally approach law and order issues?

Answer: Emphasis on strong law and order policies, including long jail terms.

Conservatives generally support strong law and order policies, including long jail terms for repeat offenders and the death penalty, and often oppose criminal justice reform movements.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives generally approach issues of law and order, including crime and the justice system?: Conservatives generally support strong law and order policies to control crime, including long jail terms for repeat offenders and the death penalty. They often oppose criminal justice reform and movements like Black Lives Matter, viewing police officers as victims of unfair discrimination.

Which of the following best describes the conservative view on immigration?

Answer: General opposition, with a particular emphasis on opposing illegal immigration.

Conservatives generally hold an unfavorable view of immigration, with a particular emphasis on opposing illegal immigration.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative view on immigration, particularly illegal immigration?: Conservatives tend to be opposed to immigration, with a particular emphasis on opposing illegal immigration.
  • What is the conservative perspective on free trade versus protectionism?: Some conservatives oppose free trade policies, supporting protectionism and immigration reduction instead. They advocate for government intervention to protect American jobs and businesses from foreign competition, arguing that free trade benefits other countries at the expense of American workers.

What is the conservative stance on free trade versus protectionism?

Answer: Advocacy for protectionism to safeguard American jobs and businesses.

Some conservatives advocate for protectionism, arguing that free trade benefits other countries at the expense of American workers and supporting government intervention to safeguard American jobs and businesses.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservative perspective on free trade versus protectionism?: Some conservatives oppose free trade policies, supporting protectionism and immigration reduction instead. They advocate for government intervention to protect American jobs and businesses from foreign competition, arguing that free trade benefits other countries at the expense of American workers.
  • What is the conservative view on the welfare state and the role of government in the economy?: Conservatives generally oppose the welfare state, believing that government programs encouraging dependence hinder self-reliance. They typically advocate for a smaller government role in regulating business and managing the economy, favoring economic liberalization and private voluntary charitable organizations for assisting the poor.
  • How do American conservatives generally approach economic policy, and what are their views on communism and labor unions compared to liberals?: Conservatives tend to favor economic liberalism, are generally pro-business and pro-capitalism, and are more strongly opposed to communism and labor unions than liberals and social democrats.

What does the 'salad bowl' approach to assimilation imply, in contrast to the conservative 'melting pot' model?

Answer: Various cultures can coexist while retaining their distinct identities.

The 'salad bowl' approach suggests that various cultures can coexist while retaining their distinct identities, contrasting with the conservative 'melting pot' model, which favors immigrants integrating into a common, English-speaking American culture.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the "melting pot" model of assimilation favored by cultural conservatives, and how does it contrast with other approaches?: Cultural conservatives often support a "melting pot" model of assimilation, where immigrants integrate into a common, English-speaking American culture. This contrasts with a "salad bowl" approach, which allows for the legitimacy of many different cultures.

How do conservatives generally approach law and order issues?

Answer: Emphasis on strong law and order policies, including long jail terms.

Conservatives generally support strong law and order policies, including robust enforcement and penalties. They favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while often opposing extensive government intervention in other social issues.

Related Concepts:

  • How do conservatives generally approach issues of law and order, including crime and the justice system?: Conservatives generally support strong law and order policies to control crime, including long jail terms for repeat offenders and the death penalty. They often oppose criminal justice reform and movements like Black Lives Matter, viewing police officers as victims of unfair discrimination.
  • In which areas do American conservatives typically favor strong government action, and in which do they oppose intervention?: Apart from some right-libertarians, American conservatives tend to favor strong government action in national defense and law enforcement, while opposing government intervention in social issues like healthcare and the environment.

Historical Development and Political Trends

Recent trends in American conservatism show a move away from national identity towards globalist integration.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Recent trends show a move towards national conservatism and protectionism, rather than globalist integration.

Related Concepts:

  • What recent shifts have occurred in American conservatism regarding foreign policy and national identity?: Recent shifts have moved American conservatism towards national conservatism, protectionism, cultural conservatism, and a more realist foreign policy.

An organized conservative movement with a distinct ideology began to emerge in the U.S. significantly before the 1950s.

Answer: False

This statement is false. An organized conservative movement with a distinct ideology did not emerge until at least the 1950s.

Related Concepts:

  • When did an organized conservative movement with an identifiable ideology begin to emerge in the U.S., and what role did Southern Democrats play?: An organized conservative movement with an identifiable ideology did not emerge until at least the 1950s. Southern Democrats were largely conservative from the 1930s through the mid-1960s, forming a "conservative coalition" in Congress.
  • What are the core ideological foundations that American conservatism draws from, particularly concerning the nation's founding documents?: American conservatism is founded on the principles of republicanism and the classical liberal ideals of liberty, rule of law, consent of the governed, and equality, as articulated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

The conservative coalition in Congress, formed by Southern Democrats and others, primarily aimed to increase federal power.

Answer: False

This statement is false. The conservative coalition primarily aimed to influence congressional policy, often by limiting federal power, rather than increasing it.

Related Concepts:

  • What characterized the conservative coalition in the U.S. Congress starting in 1937?: The conservative coalition, formed by Southern Democrats and other conservatives, aimed to influence congressional policy, and its members have largely aligned with the Republican Party since the late 20th century.

Veterans' organizations like the American Legion have historically opposed anti-Soviet foreign policy.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Organizations like the American Legion have historically emphasized anti-Soviet foreign policy and skepticism towards international bodies.

Related Concepts:

  • What role have veterans' organizations, such as the American Legion, played in shaping conservative political thought?: Veterans' organizations like the American Legion have historically tended to be conservative, emphasizing veterans' benefits and national defense. Post-WWII, the Legion became increasingly focused on anti-Soviet foreign policy and expressed skepticism towards international bodies like the United Nations.

Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s banning school prayer alienated many evangelicals, pushing them towards the religious right.

Answer: True

This statement is true. The Supreme Court's 1960s decisions on school prayer led to the alienation of many evangelicals, contributing to their shift towards the religious right.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the Supreme Court's decisions on school prayer in the 1960s impact the political alignment of evangelicals?: The Supreme Court's decisions banning school-sponsored prayer and Bible reading led to the alienation of many evangelicals, pushing them towards the religious right and making them avid supporters of Ronald Reagan by 1980.

The 'Three Leg Stool' coalition during the Reagan era combined fiscal conservatives, war hawks, and progressive social reformers.

Answer: False

This statement is false. The 'Three Leg Stool' coalition comprised fiscal conservatives, war hawks, and social conservatives, not progressive social reformers.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the "Three Leg Stool" coalition that emerged during the Reagan era?: The "Three Leg Stool" was a coalition of social conservatives, fiscal conservatives, and war hawks (national security conservatives) that formed the base of American conservatism during the Reagan administration in the 1980s.

Gallup polling data shows a consistent decline in the percentage of American voters identifying as conservative.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Gallup polling data indicates that the percentage of American voters identifying as conservative has remained relatively stable over time, with some fluctuations.

Related Concepts:

  • What does Gallup polling data reveal about the self-identification of American voters with political ideologies?: According to Gallup polls, a significant portion of American voters identify as conservative, with this percentage remaining relatively stable over time, though with some fluctuations.

The Great Plains and the South are typically identified as conservative strongholds in the United States.

Answer: True

This statement is true. The South and the Great Plains are generally considered conservative strongholds in the United States.

Related Concepts:

  • What geographical regions are generally considered conservative strongholds in the United States?: The South, the Great Plains, parts of the Mountain States and Midwest, and Alaska are generally considered conservative strongholds in the United States.

The resurgence of talk radio in the late 1980s provided conservatives with a less effective platform compared to mainstream media.

Answer: False

This statement is false. The resurgence of talk radio in the late 1980s provided conservatives with a powerful and effective platform to spread their message.

Related Concepts:

  • What role has talk radio played in the spread of conservative messages?: The resurgence of talk radio in the late 1980s provided conservatives with a powerful medium to effectively spread their message to a wide audience, which they perceived as more truthful than mainstream media.

Conservative confidence in science and academia has generally increased since the 1990s.

Answer: False

This statement is false. Conservative confidence in science and academia has generally declined since the 1990s.

Related Concepts:

  • How has conservative confidence in science and academia changed since the 1990s?: Since the 1990s, conservatives have shown lower levels of confidence in scientific consensus, are more likely to reject the scientific consensus on climate change, and have seen a sharp decline in confidence in higher education.

The 'diploma divide' suggests Republicans increasingly draw support from highly educated voters with progressive social views.

Answer: False

This statement is false. The 'diploma divide' suggests Democrats increasingly draw support from highly educated voters, while Republicans draw support from voters without college degrees.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the "diploma divide" in American politics, and how does it relate to conservative and liberal political leanings?: The "diploma divide" refers to the increasing political polarization based on educational attainment. Democrats tend to attract more highly educated voters with progressive social views, while Republicans increasingly draw support from white voters without college degrees who often distrust credentialed experts and institutions.

The 'new fusionism' in contemporary conservatism blends traditional ideology with progressive social themes.

Answer: False

This statement is false. The 'new fusionism' blends traditional conservative ideology with right-wing populist themes, not progressive social themes.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core arguments of the "new fusionism" within contemporary American conservatism?: The "new fusionism" represents a blend of traditional conservative ideology with right-wing populist themes, resulting in shifts towards national conservatism, protectionism, cultural conservatism, a more realist foreign policy, and a rejection of neoconservatism.

Recent shifts in American conservatism have led to an increased focus on which of the following?

Answer: National conservatism, protectionism, and cultural conservatism.

Recent shifts in American conservatism have led to an increased focus on national conservatism, protectionism, and cultural conservatism, moving away from globalist integration.

Related Concepts:

  • What recent shifts have occurred in American conservatism regarding foreign policy and national identity?: Recent shifts have moved American conservatism towards national conservatism, protectionism, cultural conservatism, and a more realist foreign policy.
  • What are the defining characteristics of traditional American conservatism, and how has it evolved in the 21st century?: Traditional American conservatism is characterized by a belief in individualism, traditionalism, capitalism, republicanism, and limited federal governmental power in relation to U.S. states. In the 21st century, it has seen shifts towards right-wing populist themes.
  • What role does the Christian right play in supporting American conservatism, and what are some common social stances held by conservatives?: American conservatives maintain support from the Christian right, which interprets Christian values and moral absolutism. Socially, conservatives generally oppose abortion, euthanasia, and some LGBT rights.

When did an organized conservative movement with an identifiable ideology begin to emerge in the U.S.?

Answer: In the 1950s

An organized conservative movement with an identifiable ideology did not emerge until at least the 1950s in the United States.

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  • When did an organized conservative movement with an identifiable ideology begin to emerge in the U.S., and what role did Southern Democrats play?: An organized conservative movement with an identifiable ideology did not emerge until at least the 1950s. Southern Democrats were largely conservative from the 1930s through the mid-1960s, forming a "conservative coalition" in Congress.

The 'conservative coalition' in the U.S. Congress, prominent from 1937, typically involved:

Answer: Southern Democrats and other conservatives.

The 'conservative coalition' in the U.S. Congress, prominent from 1937, typically involved Southern Democrats and other conservatives who aimed to influence congressional policy.

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  • What characterized the conservative coalition in the U.S. Congress starting in 1937?: The conservative coalition, formed by Southern Democrats and other conservatives, aimed to influence congressional policy, and its members have largely aligned with the Republican Party since the late 20th century.

How did the American Legion influence conservative thought post-WWII, according to the source?

Answer: By focusing increasingly on anti-Soviet foreign policy and skepticism towards international bodies.

Post-WWII, the American Legion increasingly focused on anti-Soviet foreign policy and expressed skepticism towards international bodies, influencing conservative thought in these areas.

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  • What role have veterans' organizations, such as the American Legion, played in shaping conservative political thought?: Veterans' organizations like the American Legion have historically tended to be conservative, emphasizing veterans' benefits and national defense. Post-WWII, the Legion became increasingly focused on anti-Soviet foreign policy and expressed skepticism towards international bodies like the United Nations.

The Supreme Court's 1960s decisions on school prayer had what effect on evangelicals?

Answer: It led to their alienation and pushed them towards the religious right.

The Supreme Court's 1960s decisions banning school prayer led to the alienation of many evangelicals, pushing them towards the religious right and making them strong supporters of Ronald Reagan.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the Supreme Court's decisions on school prayer in the 1960s impact the political alignment of evangelicals?: The Supreme Court's decisions banning school-sponsored prayer and Bible reading led to the alienation of many evangelicals, pushing them towards the religious right and making them avid supporters of Ronald Reagan by 1980.

The 'Three Leg Stool' coalition during the Reagan era comprised:

Answer: Fiscal conservatives, war hawks, and social conservatives.

The 'Three Leg Stool' coalition during the Reagan era comprised fiscal conservatives, war hawks (national security conservatives), and social conservatives, forming the base of American conservatism.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the "Three Leg Stool" coalition that emerged during the Reagan era?: The "Three Leg Stool" was a coalition of social conservatives, fiscal conservatives, and war hawks (national security conservatives) that formed the base of American conservatism during the Reagan administration in the 1980s.

The 'new fusionism' within contemporary American conservatism is characterized by a blend of traditional ideology with:

Answer: Right-wing populism and nationalistic themes.

The 'new fusionism' in contemporary American conservatism blends traditional ideology with right-wing populist themes and nationalistic sentiments.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the core arguments of the "new fusionism" within contemporary American conservatism?: The "new fusionism" represents a blend of traditional conservative ideology with right-wing populist themes, resulting in shifts towards national conservatism, protectionism, cultural conservatism, a more realist foreign policy, and a rejection of neoconservatism.

The 'diploma divide' in American politics suggests a growing polarization based on:

Answer: Educational attainment

The 'diploma divide' refers to increasing political polarization based on educational attainment, with Democrats attracting more highly educated voters and Republicans drawing more support from those without college degrees.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the "diploma divide" in American politics, and how does it relate to conservative and liberal political leanings?: The "diploma divide" refers to the increasing political polarization based on educational attainment. Democrats tend to attract more highly educated voters with progressive social views, while Republicans increasingly draw support from white voters without college degrees who often distrust credentialed experts and institutions.

How has conservative confidence in higher education changed since the 1990s?

Answer: It has sharply declined.

Since the 1990s, conservative confidence in higher education has sharply declined, alongside lower confidence in scientific consensus.

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  • How has conservative confidence in science and academia changed since the 1990s?: Since the 1990s, conservatives have shown lower levels of confidence in scientific consensus, are more likely to reject the scientific consensus on climate change, and have seen a sharp decline in confidence in higher education.

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