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Asymptotic freedom describes a phenomenon where the strong nuclear force between quarks becomes stronger as they get closer together.
Answer: False
Asymptotic freedom is characterized by the strong nuclear force between quarks becoming weaker as they approach each other, and stronger as they are pulled apart.
The Standard Model of particle physics includes three fundamental forces: the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force.
Answer: True
The Standard Model of particle physics indeed incorporates the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear forces as its fundamental interactions.
The 1973 paper co-authored by David Gross and Frank Wilczek, titled "Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories," primarily discussed the properties of the weak nuclear force.
Answer: False
The 1973 paper by Gross and Wilczek introduced the concept of asymptotic freedom in non-Abelian gauge theories, which is fundamental to the strong nuclear force, not the weak nuclear force.
The citation for the 1973 Physical Review Letters article indicates it was a solo publication by David Gross detailing his early work on experimental particle detection.
Answer: False
The 1973 Physical Review Letters article was co-authored by David Gross and Frank Wilczek and focused on theoretical aspects of non-Abelian gauge theories, not experimental particle detection.
The 'Known for' section highlights David Gross's contributions primarily to experimental particle accelerators and cosmology.
Answer: False
The 'Known for' section highlights David Gross's contributions to asymptotic freedom, the heterotic string, and the Gross–Neveu model, which are central to theoretical particle physics and string theory.
David Gross is a theoretical physicist whose work primarily focuses on astrophysics and cosmology.
Answer: False
While David Gross is a theoretical physicist, his primary focus is on particle physics, quantum field theory, and string theory, rather than astrophysics and cosmology.
Asymptotic freedom explains why quarks cannot be isolated from atomic nuclei because the force between them becomes negligible at larger distances.
Answer: False
Asymptotic freedom explains that the force between quarks becomes *stronger* at larger distances, preventing their isolation, not negligible.
David Gross and Frank Wilczek formulated the theory of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), not Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
Answer: False
David Gross and Frank Wilczek are credited with formulating Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), not Quantum Electrodynamics (QED).
What does the phenomenon of asymptotic freedom, related to quarks and the strong nuclear force, describe?
Answer: The strong force weakens as quarks get closer together, and strengthens as they are pulled apart.
Asymptotic freedom describes the property of the strong nuclear force becoming weaker at shorter distances (as quarks approach each other) and stronger at longer distances (as they are pulled apart).
The discovery of asymptotic freedom was foundational for the formulation of which theory?
Answer: Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
The discovery of asymptotic freedom was a crucial step in the formulation of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory that describes the strong nuclear force.
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the three basic forces of particle physics detailed in the Standard Model according to the text?
Answer: The gravitational force
The Standard Model of particle physics explicitly includes the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces. Gravitational force is typically described by General Relativity and is not integrated into the Standard Model in the same way.
What was the primary significance of the 1973 paper co-authored by David Gross and Frank Wilczek titled "Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories"?
Answer: It introduced the concept of asymptotic freedom in non-Abelian gauge theories.
The 1973 paper by Gross and Wilczek was seminal for introducing the concept of asymptotic freedom, a key principle in the development of quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
What key contributions are highlighted in the 'Known for' section regarding David Gross?
Answer: Asymptotic freedom, the heterotic string, and the Gross–Neveu model.
The 'Known for' section prominently features David Gross's foundational work on asymptotic freedom, the heterotic string theory, and the Gross–Neveu model.
The Gross-Neveu model is an experimental technique used to measure the mass of subatomic particles.
Answer: False
The Gross-Neveu model is a theoretical model in quantum field theory, not an experimental technique for measuring particle mass.
The "Princeton String Quartet" refers to a musical ensemble founded by David Gross during his time at Princeton University.
Answer: False
The "Princeton String Quartet" is a humorous nickname for a group of physicists, including David Gross, who formulated the theory of the heterotic string, not a musical ensemble.
The 'Selected publications' section lists David Gross's personal correspondence and unpublished research notes.
Answer: False
The 'Selected publications' section lists some of David Gross's most important published works, including journal articles and technical reports, not personal correspondence or unpublished notes.
Who collaborated with David Gross to formulate the theory of the heterotic string?
Answer: Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm
David Gross, along with Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm, formulated the theory of the heterotic string.
What does the nickname "Princeton String Quartet" refer to?
Answer: A group of physicists including David Gross who formulated the heterotic string theory.
The "Princeton String Quartet" is a humorous designation for David Gross and his collaborators (Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm) for their work on the heterotic string theory.
What is the purpose of the 'Selected publications' section in David Gross's biography?
Answer: To list some of his most important published works, including journal articles.
The 'Selected publications' section serves to highlight some of David Gross's most significant published works, providing readers with key references to his research contributions.
Besides David Gross, who were the other members of the group humorously nicknamed the "Princeton String Quartet" for their work on the heterotic string?
Answer: Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm
The "Princeton String Quartet" comprised David Gross, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm, who collaborated on the formulation of the heterotic string theory.
The nickname "Princeton String Quartet" is associated with David Gross and his collaborators for their work on:
Answer: The heterotic string theory
The "Princeton String Quartet" nickname refers to David Gross and his collaborators for their work in formulating the theory of the heterotic string.
David Gross earned his Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University, after completing his earlier degrees at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Answer: False
David Gross earned his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, following his undergraduate and Master's degrees from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
David Gross's doctoral advisor at UC Berkeley was Robert Oppenheimer.
Answer: False
David Gross's doctoral advisor at the University of California, Berkeley, was Geoffrey Chew, not Robert Oppenheimer.
David Gross is currently a Professor Emeritus at Princeton University and holds no active academic positions.
Answer: False
While David Gross has held positions at Princeton, his current primary affiliation is as Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at UC Santa Barbara.
Prior to his positions at UCSB, David Gross was a research fellow at MIT and later a distinguished professor at the University of Chicago.
Answer: False
Prior to his tenure at UCSB, David Gross held positions such as a junior fellow at Harvard University and professor at Princeton University, not research fellow at MIT or professor at the University of Chicago.
David Gross did not supervise any notable doctoral students who later became prominent physicists.
Answer: False
David Gross supervised several notable doctoral students, including Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek and Edward Witten.
David Gross's doctoral thesis, completed in 1966, was titled "The Development of Quantum Chromodynamics."
Answer: False
David Gross's doctoral thesis, completed in 1966, was titled "Investigation of the many-body, multichannel partial-wave scattering amplitude."
David Gross has never held a leadership or administrative role at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP).
Answer: False
David Gross previously served as the director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) at UCSB.
The mention of Geoffrey Chew as David Gross's doctoral advisor implies that Chew was Gross's undergraduate professor at Hebrew University.
Answer: False
Geoffrey Chew was David Gross's doctoral advisor at UC Berkeley, not his undergraduate professor at Hebrew University.
David Gross's education solely at institutions within Israel suggests a limited academic exposure before his doctoral studies.
Answer: False
David Gross pursued higher education at institutions in both Israel (Hebrew University) and the United States (UC Berkeley), indicating an international academic path rather than solely within Israel.
The 'Scientific career' section within the infobox details David Gross's early childhood education and hobbies.
Answer: False
The 'Scientific career' section within the infobox summarizes David Gross's professional life in science, including his primary field and institutional positions, not his childhood education or hobbies.
The 'Thesis' field in the infobox provides the title of David Gross's Master's thesis, not his doctoral dissertation.
Answer: False
The 'Thesis' field in the infobox provides the title of David Gross's doctoral dissertation, not his Master's thesis.
David Gross received his bachelor's and Master's degrees from the University of California, Berkeley.
Answer: False
David Gross received his bachelor's and Master's degrees from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
David Gross is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Stanford University.
Answer: False
David Gross is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University, not Stanford University.
David Gross was a tenured professor at Harvard University before moving to Princeton.
Answer: False
David Gross was a junior fellow at Harvard University and later a professor at Princeton University, but the sequence and tenure status described are inaccurate.
Where did David Gross earn his Ph.D. in physics?
Answer: University of California, Berkeley
David Gross earned his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley.
What is David Gross's current primary academic affiliation and title?
Answer: Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at UC Santa Barbara
David Gross currently holds the title of Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB).
Besides his primary role at UCSB, where else is David Gross affiliated according to the text?
Answer: Chapman University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beyond his position at UCSB, David Gross is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University and is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Which of the following positions did David Gross hold prior to his tenure at UCSB?
Answer: Junior Fellow at Harvard University
Prior to his positions at UCSB, David Gross held a position as a junior fellow at Harvard University.
Which of the following individuals is mentioned as a notable doctoral student supervised by David Gross?
Answer: Frank Wilczek
Frank Wilczek, a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize with David Gross, is mentioned as a notable doctoral student supervised by Gross.
What was the title of David Gross's doctoral thesis?
Answer: Investigation of the many-body, multichannel partial-wave scattering amplitude
David Gross's doctoral thesis, completed in 1966, was titled "Investigation of the many-body, multichannel partial-wave scattering amplitude."
What does David Gross's affiliation with the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) signify?
Answer: He holds a leading role in theoretical physics research and administration at a prominent institution.
David Gross's affiliation with the KITP, including his past role as director, signifies his leadership in theoretical physics research and administration at this prominent institution.
What does the mention of Geoffrey Chew as David Gross's doctoral advisor imply?
Answer: Chew played a crucial role in guiding Gross's early research and academic development.
The mention of Geoffrey Chew as David Gross's doctoral advisor implies that Chew provided critical guidance during Gross's formative research years, significantly influencing his academic trajectory.
What does David Gross's academic background at both Hebrew University and UC Berkeley suggest?
Answer: He had an international academic path, potentially gaining broad exposure.
An academic background encompassing institutions in both Israel (Hebrew University) and the United States (UC Berkeley) suggests an international educational journey, likely providing broad exposure to diverse academic environments.
Who served as David Gross's doctoral advisor?
Answer: Geoffrey Chew
Geoffrey Chew served as David Gross's doctoral advisor during his Ph.D. studies at the University of California, Berkeley.
David Gross is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at which university?
Answer: Chapman University
David Gross holds an affiliation with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University.
In what year did David Gross complete his doctoral thesis?
Answer: 1966
David Gross completed his doctoral thesis in the year 1966.
What role did David Gross previously hold at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP)?
Answer: Director
David Gross previously served as the Director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) at UCSB.
Which of the following describes David Gross's academic history prior to UCSB?
Answer: He was a junior fellow at Harvard and a professor at Princeton.
Prior to his tenure at UCSB, David Gross's academic history included roles as a junior fellow at Harvard University and a professor at Princeton University.
David Gross was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of asymptotic freedom, along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer.
Answer: True
The Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004 was indeed awarded to David Gross, Frank Wilczek, and David Politzer for their discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong nuclear force.
David Gross has received only one major award in his career, the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Answer: False
David Gross has received numerous prestigious awards in addition to the Nobel Prize, including the J. J. Sakurai Prize, the Dirac Medal, and a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship.
The 'Honors and awards' section in David Gross's biography is used to list his family members and their professions.
Answer: False
The 'Honors and awards' section is dedicated to listing the significant recognitions and accolades David Gross has received for his scientific contributions.
David Gross is listed as a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his work on molecular structures.
Answer: False
David Gross was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, not Chemistry, for his work on asymptotic freedom.
David Gross has received the Dirac Medal for his contributions to theoretical physics.
Answer: True
The Dirac Medal is among the numerous awards David Gross has received for his significant contributions to theoretical physics.
For which discovery did David Gross share the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics?
Answer: The discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong nuclear force.
David Gross shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of asymptotic freedom, a fundamental concept in the theory of the strong nuclear force.
Which of the following is NOT listed as an award received by David Gross besides the Nobel Prize?
Answer: Fields Medal
While David Gross has received numerous awards including the J. J. Sakurai Prize, Dirac Medal, and a MacArthur Fellowship, the Fields Medal is not listed among his accolades in the provided text.
What does David Gross being listed as a Nobel Laureate in Physics for 2004 signify?
Answer: He is recognized as one of the world's foremost physicists for a discovery of outstanding significance.
Being a Nobel Laureate signifies that David Gross has made a discovery of outstanding significance, recognized as one of the most profound contributions to the field of physics.
What is the significance of David Gross receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004?
Answer: It honored his discovery of asymptotic freedom, a key concept in quantum chromodynamics.
The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to David Gross recognized his groundbreaking discovery of asymptotic freedom, a fundamental concept within quantum chromodynamics.
David Jonathan Gross is primarily known as an American experimental physicist specializing in quantum field theory.
Answer: False
The provided information identifies David Jonathan Gross as an American theoretical physicist and string theorist, not primarily an experimental physicist.
David Jonathan Gross was born on March 19, 1941, in Chicago, Illinois.
Answer: False
David Jonathan Gross was born on February 19, 1941, in Washington, D.C.
David Gross's parents were named Arthur and Martha Gross, and they were both prominent scientists in their own right.
Answer: False
David Gross's parents were Nora (Faine) and Bertram Myron Gross. The text does not state they were prominent scientists.
The 'See also' section in David Gross's article primarily lists related articles on experimental physics techniques.
Answer: False
The 'See also' section in David Gross's article lists related topics such as 'List of Jewish Nobel laureates', not primarily experimental physics techniques.
The 'infobox-caption' stating 'Gross in 2007' refers to the year David Gross published his Nobel Prize-winning research.
Answer: False
The 'infobox-caption' stating 'Gross in 2007' refers to the year a photograph of David Gross was taken, not the year of his Nobel Prize-winning research publication.
The mention of his siblings' professions as doctors and engineers suggests David Gross came from a family focused solely on scientific and medical fields.
Answer: False
The mention of diverse professions among his siblings (e.g., communication professor, law professor, playwright) suggests an intellectually engaged family with members contributing to various fields, not solely scientific or medical ones.
The 'hatnote' at the beginning of the article serves to provide detailed biographical information about David Gross's childhood.
Answer: False
The 'hatnote' at the beginning of an article typically serves to clarify the subject and direct readers to other potential subjects with the same name, rather than providing detailed biographical information.
The 'birthplace' field indicates that David Gross was born in Jerusalem, Israel.
Answer: False
The 'birthplace' field indicates that David Gross was born in Washington, D.C.
The 'Spouse(s)' field reveals that David Gross has remained unmarried throughout his life.
Answer: False
The 'Spouse(s)' field indicates that David Gross has been married twice, naming his spouses.
The 'Children' field states that David Gross has no children.
Answer: False
The 'Children' field states that David Gross has two children.
According to the provided text, who is David Jonathan Gross?
Answer: An American theoretical physicist and string theorist recognized for contributions to particle physics.
David Jonathan Gross is identified as an American theoretical physicist and string theorist renowned for his significant contributions to particle physics.
When and where was David Jonathan Gross born?
Answer: February 19, 1941, in Washington, D.C.
David Jonathan Gross was born on February 19, 1941, in Washington, D.C.
What were the names of David Gross's parents, as mentioned in the text?
Answer: Nora (Faine) and Bertram Myron Gross
David Gross's parents were Nora (Faine) and Bertram Myron Gross.
What does the mention of his siblings' diverse professions (e.g., communication professor, law professor, playwright) suggest about David Gross's family background?
Answer: His family was intellectually engaged, with members contributing to various fields.
The diversity of professions among David Gross's siblings suggests a family environment characterized by intellectual engagement and contributions across a range of academic and creative disciplines.
What is the function of the 'hatnote' at the beginning of the article about David Gross?
Answer: To clarify the article's subject and direct readers to other potential subjects with the same name.
The 'hatnote' serves to disambiguate the article's subject, ensuring clarity and guiding readers toward related topics or individuals with similar names.
What information does the 'Spouse(s)' field provide about David Gross?
Answer: That he has been married twice, naming his spouses.
The 'Spouse(s)' field indicates that David Gross has been married twice, listing Shulamith Toaff Gross and Jacquelyn Savani as his spouses.
According to the 'Children' field, how many children does David Gross have?
Answer: Two
The 'Children' field specifies that David Gross has two children.
What is mentioned about the background of David Gross's family?
Answer: They had roots in Austro-Hungary.
The text mentions that David Gross's family had roots in Austro-Hungary, with his grandfather originating from Hungary.
What detail is provided about David Gross's family background?
Answer: His family had roots in Austro-Hungary.
The text indicates that David Gross's family background includes roots in Austro-Hungary.
What were the names of David Gross's parents?
Answer: Nora Faine and Bertram Myron Gross
The names of David Gross's parents were Nora Faine and Bertram Myron Gross.
Besides his primary role at UCSB, David Gross is also affiliated with MIT and is a foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Answer: False
While David Gross is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and affiliated with Chapman University, the provided text does not mention an affiliation with MIT or the French Academy of Sciences.
In 2003, David Gross was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Kyoto Protocol, expressing his views on environmental policy.
Answer: False
In 2003, David Gross was among Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto, not the Kyoto Protocol.
In 2008, David Gross signed a letter to President George W. Bush advocating for reduced funding for basic science research to prioritize other national needs.
Answer: False
The letter signed by David Gross and other Nobel laureates in 2008 urged President George W. Bush to *increase* emergency funding for basic science research.
David Gross signed the Mainau Declaration in 2015, which focused on advancements in quantum computing technology.
Answer: False
The Mainau Declaration signed by David Gross in 2015 focused on Climate Change, not quantum computing technology.
David Gross is a member of the American Physical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, but not of any international academies.
Answer: False
David Gross is a member of several international academies, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences, in addition to domestic ones.
Being a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences indicates that David Gross is primarily recognized for his contributions to Chinese history rather than physics.
Answer: False
Being a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences signifies international recognition for scientific contributions, not contributions to history.
Membership in the American Philosophical Society indicates David Gross's primary contributions were in the field of philosophy, not physics.
Answer: False
Membership in the American Philosophical Society recognizes distinguished scholars for their broader intellectual contributions, including significant achievements in science like physics.
In 2003, David Gross was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed which document?
Answer: The Humanist Manifesto
In 2003, David Gross was among Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.
What was the purpose of the letter signed by David Gross and 19 other Nobel Prize winners in May 2008?
Answer: To urge the president to increase emergency funding for basic science research.
The letter signed by David Gross and other Nobel laureates urged President George W. Bush to increase emergency funding for basic science research.
What subject was addressed by the Mainau Declaration that David Gross signed in 2015?
Answer: Climate Change
The Mainau Declaration signed by David Gross in 2015 addressed the critical issue of Climate Change.
Which of the following is NOT listed as an academic society or academy David Gross is a member of?
Answer: Royal Society of London
The text lists memberships in the American Physical Society, National Academy of Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, among others, but not the Royal Society of London.
What does it mean for David Gross to be a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences?
Answer: He is recognized internationally for his scientific contributions and elected by Chinese scientists.
Being a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences indicates that David Gross is recognized internationally for his scientific achievements and has been elected by Chinese scientists.
What does David Gross's membership in the American Philosophical Society signify?
Answer: He is recognized for his scientific achievements and broader intellectual contributions.
Membership in the American Philosophical Society signifies recognition for distinguished scientific achievements and broader intellectual contributions, extending beyond a single discipline.
The Mainau Declaration 2015, signed by David Gross, was presented at which event?
Answer: The 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting
The Mainau Declaration 2015, signed by David Gross, was presented at the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting.
David Gross holds which status within the Chinese Academy of Sciences?
Answer: Foreign Member
David Gross holds the status of Foreign Member within the Chinese Academy of Sciences.